元素俘获谱测井（ECS）在火成岩岩性识别与储层评价中的应用研究
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摘要
元素俘获谱测井作为新一代探测地层元素的测井仪,主要是对地层的反应。以往对该方法的解释研究重点主要集中在沉积岩和沉积相方面,元素和矿物的联系也是通过岩心数据利用回归反演元素和沉积岩矿物之间的转换系数。在火成岩方面的应用,元素到矿物的转化还没有建立起来,只是利用硅碱法识别火成岩岩性。并根据斯伦贝谢反演得到的元素到骨架参数计算孔隙度。
本文主要主要应用ECS测井数据结合常规测井进行岩性评价和储层参数计算。岩性识别方面,应用了TAS图版、常规曲线图版和QAP图版,三种岩性结果得出综合岩性剖面。储层参数计算方面,通过用ECS数据或全岩分析数据,经过CIPW标准矿物计算后,进行矿物合并,得到QAPM四类矿物的物性参数,最后结合常规曲线计算得到孔隙度、饱和度等储层参数。同时,根据试油信息绘制油气识别图版,进行油气判别。
通过对松辽盆地的三口井实际处理,计算的孔隙度和岩心孔隙度对比、判别得到的油气结论与试油信息对比、判别的岩性与岩心薄片对比,效果较好。
通过对前人工作的学习和总结,本文的创新点主要体现在以下几方面:一是根据CIPW标准矿物法建立了中酸性火成岩元素到矿物转化的模型,并编程实现适用于ECS测井数据处理的方法;二是根据QAPF矿物分类法将得到的标准矿物进行分类合并,根据QAPF双三角图版,进行火成岩岩性划分;三是同样利用标准矿物进行合并得到QAPM四类矿物,然后结合常规测井得到矿物骨架参数,以便进行孔隙度的计算。
At present, oil and gas reservoirs is more and more complex. Using a variety of logging technology for the correct evaluation of the reservoir in the oil field exploration and development is very important. For the complex lithology reservoir consisting of multi-mineral, it is very difficulty to evaluate it.Mainly due to the type of elements is complex and measurement of the elements content is difficult. The relationship between elements and the mineral content of rocks has not yet been established.Conventional log projects alone can not obtaine the mineral elements of the reservoir, it must be combined with other special log projects, to achieve the purpose of Reservoir Evaluation.
Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) log by the recording of the gamma spectroscopy of neutron inelastic scattering and capture gamma-ray spectrometry gamma-ray spectrometry, through the explanation spectra obtained solution formation elements. As a log method to detect the chemical element of formation, it plays an important role in lithologic identification and the calculation of mineral in igneous.
In this paper, the use of ECS solution elements (Si, K, Fe, S, Ti, Ca) and Al-activated logging to be elements of Al and the oxide solution of a closed model of Na , binding the conventional logging to the lithological identification and reservoir evaluation studies.
Using the oxide factor to getting the content of SiO_2、Na_2O and K_2O from the elements, according to the current international classification standards common igneous silicon - alkali classification for lithological division. It has been achieved in this paper. In addition, according to different response of igneous rocks to shape the chart of conventio- nal logging and lithologic discrimination. Element has been changed to mineral based on CIPW index mineral law. Than the mineral grouped into four section based on QAPF model, contrasting QAP chart for lithologic identification. Finally, lithologic identification getted the integrated interpretation above-mentioned.
Matrix parameter of igneous rock such as density and neutron calculated on the basis of Schlumberger formula. The mineral grouped into four section based on QAPM model and building volume model, than porosity can be calculated. Mineral parameters are calculated from ECS log binding convention log. The result is satisfactory for the calculated porosity with the core porosity.
Using the studies based on the above methods, calculating the actual data of three wells in Songliao Basin , received better effect.
本文主要主要应用ECS测井数据结合常规测井进行岩性评价和储层参数计算。岩性识别方面,应用了TAS图版、常规曲线图版和QAP图版,三种岩性结果得出综合岩性剖面。储层参数计算方面,通过用ECS数据或全岩分析数据,经过CIPW标准矿物计算后,进行矿物合并,得到QAPM四类矿物的物性参数,最后结合常规曲线计算得到孔隙度、饱和度等储层参数。同时,根据试油信息绘制油气识别图版,进行油气判别。
通过对松辽盆地的三口井实际处理,计算的孔隙度和岩心孔隙度对比、判别得到的油气结论与试油信息对比、判别的岩性与岩心薄片对比,效果较好。
通过对前人工作的学习和总结,本文的创新点主要体现在以下几方面:一是根据CIPW标准矿物法建立了中酸性火成岩元素到矿物转化的模型,并编程实现适用于ECS测井数据处理的方法;二是根据QAPF矿物分类法将得到的标准矿物进行分类合并,根据QAPF双三角图版,进行火成岩岩性划分;三是同样利用标准矿物进行合并得到QAPM四类矿物,然后结合常规测井得到矿物骨架参数,以便进行孔隙度的计算。
At present, oil and gas reservoirs is more and more complex. Using a variety of logging technology for the correct evaluation of the reservoir in the oil field exploration and development is very important. For the complex lithology reservoir consisting of multi-mineral, it is very difficulty to evaluate it.Mainly due to the type of elements is complex and measurement of the elements content is difficult. The relationship between elements and the mineral content of rocks has not yet been established.Conventional log projects alone can not obtaine the mineral elements of the reservoir, it must be combined with other special log projects, to achieve the purpose of Reservoir Evaluation.
Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) log by the recording of the gamma spectroscopy of neutron inelastic scattering and capture gamma-ray spectrometry gamma-ray spectrometry, through the explanation spectra obtained solution formation elements. As a log method to detect the chemical element of formation, it plays an important role in lithologic identification and the calculation of mineral in igneous.
In this paper, the use of ECS solution elements (Si, K, Fe, S, Ti, Ca) and Al-activated logging to be elements of Al and the oxide solution of a closed model of Na , binding the conventional logging to the lithological identification and reservoir evaluation studies.
Using the oxide factor to getting the content of SiO_2、Na_2O and K_2O from the elements, according to the current international classification standards common igneous silicon - alkali classification for lithological division. It has been achieved in this paper. In addition, according to different response of igneous rocks to shape the chart of conventio- nal logging and lithologic discrimination. Element has been changed to mineral based on CIPW index mineral law. Than the mineral grouped into four section based on QAPF model, contrasting QAP chart for lithologic identification. Finally, lithologic identification getted the integrated interpretation above-mentioned.
Matrix parameter of igneous rock such as density and neutron calculated on the basis of Schlumberger formula. The mineral grouped into four section based on QAPM model and building volume model, than porosity can be calculated. Mineral parameters are calculated from ECS log binding convention log. The result is satisfactory for the calculated porosity with the core porosity.
Using the studies based on the above methods, calculating the actual data of three wells in Songliao Basin , received better effect.
引文
[1]Hertzog R,et al.Geochemical Logging with Spectrometry Tools. Tech. Symp.Soc. Petroleum. Dalla. SPE,1987,16792
[2]Michael M.Herron.Geochemical Classification of Terrigenous Sands and Shales from Core or Log Data.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,Vol.58,No 5,September 1988 p.820-829
[3]R.J.van den Oord. Evaluation of Geochemical Logging. The Log Analyst. Junuary- February,1991
[4]P K Harvey,J C Loffs & M A Lovell.Mineralogy Logs:Element to Mineral Transforms and Compositional Colinearity in Sediments.SPWLA 33 rd Annual Logging Symposium,June 14_17,1992
[5]J.H.Fang,C.L.Karr,D.A.Stanley.Transformation of Geochemical Log Data to Minerallogy Using Genetic Algorithms. The Log Analyst.March-April,1996
[6]方映东,鲍海秋.核谱技术在地球化学测井中的应用[J].核物理动态.1992,9(2):39-43
[7]焦大庆,王德仁,费伯良.地球化学测井在中原油田储层评价中的应用[J].测井技术.1994,18(1):55-61
[8]高楚桥.利用地球化学测井信息反演岩石矿物含量的一种优化算法[J].江汉石油学院学报.1999,21(4):26-28
[9]袁祖贵,成晓宁,孙娟.地层元素测井(ECS)—一种全面评价储层的测井新技术.原子能科学技术[J].2004,38(增刊):208-213
[10]王拥军,周雪峰等.火山岩岩性识别新技术[J].断块油气田.2006,13(3):86-88
[11]柳建华等.化学元素测井资料在地层界面处的响应特征研究[J].石油天然气学报.2007,29(1):84-87
[12]潘保芝,薛林福,李周波,吴海波.裂缝性火成岩储层测井评价方法与应用[M].石油工业出版社.2003
[13]Clayton C G,Schweitzer J S.A review of aspects of nuclear geophysics,Nucl Geophys ,1993,7(2):143-171
[14]Schlumberger. ECS Software User's Guide [Z]. 2003.
[15]Grau J A et al, A Geological Model for Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Logging Measurments, Nucl. Geophys ,1989,3(3):351-359
[16]庞巨丰等.岩心自然伽马射线NaI(Tl)谱的解析[J].测井技术,1996,20(6):397-405
[17]Hertzog R et al. Geochemical Logging With Spectrometry Tools,1987,SPE16992
[18]Schweitzer J S,et al.Eelemental Concentrations from Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Logs.Nucl Geophys.1988,2(3):175-182
[19]袁祖贵.用地层元素测井(ECS)资料研究沉积环境[J].核电子学与探测技术.2005,25(4):347-357
[20]程华国,袁祖贵.用地层元素测井(ECS)资料评价复杂地层岩性变化[J].核电子学与探测技术.2005,25(3):233-238
[21]邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学[M].地质出版社.1991
[22]吴庆岩.测井解释常用岩石矿物手册[M].地质出版社.1998
[23]綦敦科,吴海波,陈立英.徐家围子火山岩气藏储层测井响应特征[J].测井技术,2002,26(1):52-54
[24]张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义,何丽.火山岩储层流体性质识别.石油地球物理勘探[J]. 2008,43(6):728-730
[25]冯庆付.大庆徐家围子地区深层火成岩气藏测井解释方法研究[D].中国海洋大学博士论文. 2007
[26]谭廷栋.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模型与评价方法[M].地质出版社.1987
[27]L.A.Jacobson,D.F.Wyatt.Elemental Yield and Complex Lithology Analysis From the Pulsed Spectral Gamma Log. The Log Analyst.January-February,1996
[28]J.C.Lofts,P.K.Harvey,M.A.Lovell.The Characterization of Reservoir Rocks Using Nuclear Logging Tools:Evaluation of Mineral Transform Techniques in the Laboratory and Log Environments. The Log Analyst.March-April,1995
[29]Gary D. Myers. A Review of Nuclear Logging. The Log Analyst.May-June,1992
[30]Michael M.Herron.Geochemical Classification of Terrigenous Sands and Shales from Core or Log Data.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,Vol.58,No 5,September 1988 p.820-829
[31]Koskinen Jussi.LDA technology today and possibilities in the future[C].Presented at ASNT digital imaging IV conference in mushantucket on 7 th .2001
[32]李周波,王祝文.科学钻探中的元素测井技术[J].地学前缘.1998,5(1-2)119-130
[33]李保华,卢颖忠.元素俘获谱测井在永进地区的应用[J].中国西部油气地质.2006,2(2):219-226
[2]Michael M.Herron.Geochemical Classification of Terrigenous Sands and Shales from Core or Log Data.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,Vol.58,No 5,September 1988 p.820-829
[3]R.J.van den Oord. Evaluation of Geochemical Logging. The Log Analyst. Junuary- February,1991
[4]P K Harvey,J C Loffs & M A Lovell.Mineralogy Logs:Element to Mineral Transforms and Compositional Colinearity in Sediments.SPWLA 33 rd Annual Logging Symposium,June 14_17,1992
[5]J.H.Fang,C.L.Karr,D.A.Stanley.Transformation of Geochemical Log Data to Minerallogy Using Genetic Algorithms. The Log Analyst.March-April,1996
[6]方映东,鲍海秋.核谱技术在地球化学测井中的应用[J].核物理动态.1992,9(2):39-43
[7]焦大庆,王德仁,费伯良.地球化学测井在中原油田储层评价中的应用[J].测井技术.1994,18(1):55-61
[8]高楚桥.利用地球化学测井信息反演岩石矿物含量的一种优化算法[J].江汉石油学院学报.1999,21(4):26-28
[9]袁祖贵,成晓宁,孙娟.地层元素测井(ECS)—一种全面评价储层的测井新技术.原子能科学技术[J].2004,38(增刊):208-213
[10]王拥军,周雪峰等.火山岩岩性识别新技术[J].断块油气田.2006,13(3):86-88
[11]柳建华等.化学元素测井资料在地层界面处的响应特征研究[J].石油天然气学报.2007,29(1):84-87
[12]潘保芝,薛林福,李周波,吴海波.裂缝性火成岩储层测井评价方法与应用[M].石油工业出版社.2003
[13]Clayton C G,Schweitzer J S.A review of aspects of nuclear geophysics,Nucl Geophys ,1993,7(2):143-171
[14]Schlumberger. ECS Software User's Guide [Z]. 2003.
[15]Grau J A et al, A Geological Model for Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Logging Measurments, Nucl. Geophys ,1989,3(3):351-359
[16]庞巨丰等.岩心自然伽马射线NaI(Tl)谱的解析[J].测井技术,1996,20(6):397-405
[17]Hertzog R et al. Geochemical Logging With Spectrometry Tools,1987,SPE16992
[18]Schweitzer J S,et al.Eelemental Concentrations from Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Logs.Nucl Geophys.1988,2(3):175-182
[19]袁祖贵.用地层元素测井(ECS)资料研究沉积环境[J].核电子学与探测技术.2005,25(4):347-357
[20]程华国,袁祖贵.用地层元素测井(ECS)资料评价复杂地层岩性变化[J].核电子学与探测技术.2005,25(3):233-238
[21]邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学[M].地质出版社.1991
[22]吴庆岩.测井解释常用岩石矿物手册[M].地质出版社.1998
[23]綦敦科,吴海波,陈立英.徐家围子火山岩气藏储层测井响应特征[J].测井技术,2002,26(1):52-54
[24]张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义,何丽.火山岩储层流体性质识别.石油地球物理勘探[J]. 2008,43(6):728-730
[25]冯庆付.大庆徐家围子地区深层火成岩气藏测井解释方法研究[D].中国海洋大学博士论文. 2007
[26]谭廷栋.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模型与评价方法[M].地质出版社.1987
[27]L.A.Jacobson,D.F.Wyatt.Elemental Yield and Complex Lithology Analysis From the Pulsed Spectral Gamma Log. The Log Analyst.January-February,1996
[28]J.C.Lofts,P.K.Harvey,M.A.Lovell.The Characterization of Reservoir Rocks Using Nuclear Logging Tools:Evaluation of Mineral Transform Techniques in the Laboratory and Log Environments. The Log Analyst.March-April,1995
[29]Gary D. Myers. A Review of Nuclear Logging. The Log Analyst.May-June,1992
[30]Michael M.Herron.Geochemical Classification of Terrigenous Sands and Shales from Core or Log Data.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,Vol.58,No 5,September 1988 p.820-829
[31]Koskinen Jussi.LDA technology today and possibilities in the future[C].Presented at ASNT digital imaging IV conference in mushantucket on 7 th .2001
[32]李周波,王祝文.科学钻探中的元素测井技术[J].地学前缘.1998,5(1-2)119-130
[33]李保华,卢颖忠.元素俘获谱测井在永进地区的应用[J].中国西部油气地质.2006,2(2):219-226