优化UAVRS-F摄影测量高程精度的方案与技术研究
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摘要
为了解决传统航空摄影测量应用于小区域时存在的成本高、生产周期长等问题,近年来国内外一些研究人员一直在致力于低空摄影测量技术的研究,随着一些新技术的发展,低空摄影测量技术在逐步发展和完善,并得到了一定的应用,大量试验已经表明基于普通CMOS和CCD数码相机的低空数字摄影测量进行大比例尺测图的平面精度已满足规范要求,但高程精度较低仍然是大比例尺成图亟待解决的关键问题之一。
本文以现有的无人飞艇低空遥感系统为实验平台,从影响低空摄影测量大比例尺成图高程精度的各个因素出发,主要对以下内容进行了研究。阐述了影像重叠度、交会角与高程精度的关系,得出在采用多片前方交会算法下航向重叠度为80%,旁向重叠度为60%时高程精度较好。探讨了数码相机的影响及其检校,并在此基础上阐述了相机组合对改善高程精度的作用;研究了像控点的数量、分布对高程精度的影响,总结了传统像控点布设方案,在此基础上设计了几套合理的外业像控点实施方案,针对这几种方案对不同测区进行了实验分析,得出:在相同跨度下,正规布点方案精度最高,其次是品字型布点方案,密周边布点方案的高程精度较差不能作为提高高程精度的布点方案。
本文通过对不同实验区的多次实验数据分析得出:对于目前基于无人驾驶飞艇的低空摄影测量,航向重叠度为80%,旁向重叠度为60%,经过相机检校,采用品字型像控点布点方案,可有效提高大比例尺测图的高程精度,并且提高了内业处理的速度,为UAVRS-F系统的推广和应用奠定了基础。
In order to solve the problems, which applying traditional aerial photogrammetry to the small area will cost more, and the production cycle is long, resent years many home and abroad researchers have worked on the low altitude aerial photogrammetry. With the development of many new technologies, the low altitude aerial photogrammetry is becoming better and better and has been used more and more. Many experiments have showed that the low altitude aerial photogrammetry which bases on CMOS and CCD digital camera has meet plan accuracy requirements. However, its elevation accuracy is still a problem in surveying large scale map.
This paper uses UAVRS-F system as experiment platform. From each factor that influences the elevation accuracy of low altitude aerial photogrammetry, it researched the flowing contents: explained the relationship between the elevation accuracy and the images overlaps, the intersection angle and elevation accuracy, then obtained that using front intersection with multi-images, when the longitudinal overlap is 80% and lateral overlap is 60%, the elevation accuracy is relative better. Discussed the influence of the digital camera and its calibration, and then researched the combination of multi-camera. Studied the impact of the number and distribution of the image-control-points, and it summarized the traditional layout schemes of the ground control points. Based on this several reasonable layout schemes were designed. According to these reasonable layout schemes several experiments were carried on in different areas. Analyzed the experiment data and concluded that with the regular layout scheme of image-control-points has the highest precision and the pin-character layout schemes is lower than it; the layout schemes of thick points around the verge had low elevation accuracy and it is not fit for improving elevation accuracy.
After analyzing the experiment accuracy, it concluded that the longitudinal overlap is 80% and the lateral overlap is 60%, with pin-character photo-control-points layout scheme, is efficiency to improving the elevation of the UAVRS-F system. Meanwhile it accelerated the indoor data processing speed and is helpful to the popularization of UAVRS-F system.
本文以现有的无人飞艇低空遥感系统为实验平台,从影响低空摄影测量大比例尺成图高程精度的各个因素出发,主要对以下内容进行了研究。阐述了影像重叠度、交会角与高程精度的关系,得出在采用多片前方交会算法下航向重叠度为80%,旁向重叠度为60%时高程精度较好。探讨了数码相机的影响及其检校,并在此基础上阐述了相机组合对改善高程精度的作用;研究了像控点的数量、分布对高程精度的影响,总结了传统像控点布设方案,在此基础上设计了几套合理的外业像控点实施方案,针对这几种方案对不同测区进行了实验分析,得出:在相同跨度下,正规布点方案精度最高,其次是品字型布点方案,密周边布点方案的高程精度较差不能作为提高高程精度的布点方案。
本文通过对不同实验区的多次实验数据分析得出:对于目前基于无人驾驶飞艇的低空摄影测量,航向重叠度为80%,旁向重叠度为60%,经过相机检校,采用品字型像控点布点方案,可有效提高大比例尺测图的高程精度,并且提高了内业处理的速度,为UAVRS-F系统的推广和应用奠定了基础。
In order to solve the problems, which applying traditional aerial photogrammetry to the small area will cost more, and the production cycle is long, resent years many home and abroad researchers have worked on the low altitude aerial photogrammetry. With the development of many new technologies, the low altitude aerial photogrammetry is becoming better and better and has been used more and more. Many experiments have showed that the low altitude aerial photogrammetry which bases on CMOS and CCD digital camera has meet plan accuracy requirements. However, its elevation accuracy is still a problem in surveying large scale map.
This paper uses UAVRS-F system as experiment platform. From each factor that influences the elevation accuracy of low altitude aerial photogrammetry, it researched the flowing contents: explained the relationship between the elevation accuracy and the images overlaps, the intersection angle and elevation accuracy, then obtained that using front intersection with multi-images, when the longitudinal overlap is 80% and lateral overlap is 60%, the elevation accuracy is relative better. Discussed the influence of the digital camera and its calibration, and then researched the combination of multi-camera. Studied the impact of the number and distribution of the image-control-points, and it summarized the traditional layout schemes of the ground control points. Based on this several reasonable layout schemes were designed. According to these reasonable layout schemes several experiments were carried on in different areas. Analyzed the experiment data and concluded that with the regular layout scheme of image-control-points has the highest precision and the pin-character layout schemes is lower than it; the layout schemes of thick points around the verge had low elevation accuracy and it is not fit for improving elevation accuracy.
After analyzing the experiment accuracy, it concluded that the longitudinal overlap is 80% and the lateral overlap is 60%, with pin-character photo-control-points layout scheme, is efficiency to improving the elevation of the UAVRS-F system. Meanwhile it accelerated the indoor data processing speed and is helpful to the popularization of UAVRS-F system.
引文
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2.杨传玲.航空摄影测量新技术的应用与发展[J].中国高新技术企业,2007,(6):81-82.
3.曾隆昌,王辛之等.城市航空摄影测量的回顾与展望[J].城市勘察,2006,(2):18-20.
4.王聪华.无人飞行器低空遥感影像数据处理方法[D].山东青岛:山东科技大学,2006:8-24.
5.王留召.小型数字航空摄影测量系统[D].云南昆明:昆明理工大学,2006:18-24.
6.Henri Eisenbeiss,Karsten Lambers,etc.PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DOCUMENT-ATION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE(PALPA,PERU) USING AN AUTONOMOUS MODEL HELICOPTER[J].XXI International CIPA Symposium,2005,(24):33-39.
7.Henri Eisenbeiss.APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING USING AN AUTONOMOUS MODEL HELICOPTER[J].XXI International CIPA Symposium,2006,(12):101-103.
8.H.Bendeaa,F.Chiabrandoa,etc.MAPPING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS USING A LOW-COST UAV THE AUGUSTA BAGIENNORUM TEST SITE[J].XXI International CIPA Symposium,2007,(10):01-06.
9.Shobhit Niranjan,Gaurav Gupta,etc.Initial Efforts toward Mission-specific Imaging Surveys from Aerial Exploring Platforms:UAV[J].www.iitk.ac.in/ee,2007,(1):13-19.
10.张永军,张勇.大重叠度影像的相对定向与前方交会精度分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版2005,30(2):125-130.
11.张祖勋,杨生春,张剑清,柯涛.多基线—数字近景摄影测量[J].地理空间信息,2007,(12):02-04.
12.李健,刘先林等.SWDC-4大面阵数码航空相机拼接模型与立体测图精度分析[J].测绘科学,2008,(2):104-106.
13.中国测绘科学研究院.无人飞艇遥感系统操作手册[M].北京:北京四维远见信息技术有限公司,2006:3-4.
14.张祖勋.航空数码相机及其有关问题[J].测绘工程,2004,13(4):45-47.
15.张建霞等.小型数码航空摄影测量应用初探[J].测绘科学,2006,31(6):85-86.
16.http://product.it168.com/detail/doc/104900/index.shtml.
17.中国测绘科学研究院.MAP-AT程序使用说明书[M].北京:北京四维远见信息技术有限公司,2006:17-18.
18.王勇智等.浅谈大比例尺测图[J].河北工程技术高等专科学校学报,2000,(2):22-25.
19.李德仁.摄影测量与遥感的现状及发展趋势[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(1):1-6.
20.张祖勋,张剑清,张力.数字摄影测量发展的机遇与挑战[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(1):7-11.
21.武汉大学测绘学院测量平差学科组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:33.
22.黄筱蓉.前方交会法误差椭圆的计算方法[J].勘察科学技术,2001,(11):49-52.
23.袁修孝,朱武等.无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2004,29(10):852-857.
24.李德仁.论21世纪遥感与GIS的发展[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2003,28(2):127-131.
25.方子岩.摄影测量技术现状及发展对策初探[J].地矿测绘,2002,18(2):41-44.
26.廖学军,张赢.一种无精确地面控制点的航空影像处理方案[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2004,15(3):65-69.
27.刘凤德,邱鼓.基于左右正射影像的三维量测方法的研究[J].测绘科学,2003,28(3):17-19.
28.黄玉琪.数字摄影测量若干关键技术的研究与实践[D].河南郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2000:25-28.
29.程效军.数字近景摄影测量在工程中的应用研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002:10-13
30.郑崇启,梁玉保,李建民.大比例尺地面数字测图的精度分析[J].测绘通报,2004,(11):42-44.
31.王留召.数码相机大比例尺测图应用试验[J].测绘科学,2006,31(4):110-111.
32.金莉等.数码航摄的影像特点及处理要求[J].测绘技术装备,2006,8(2):24-26.
33.谢赣南.浅析数字摄影测量在1:500地形图测绘中的应用[J].湖南地质,2002,21(1):73-76.
34.张骥.浅谈航空摄影技术设计中有关重叠度的计算[J].测绘技术装备,2004,(3):38-39.
35.龚越新.浅谈大比例尺航测地形图摄影比例尺的选择[J].测绘通报,1999,(2):21-23.
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