湿热环境下孔隙对CFRP力学性能的影响研究
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摘要
碳纤维/树脂基复合材料以优异的性能在航空航天领域有着广泛的应用,但是其在储存和使用过程中要经受多种环境因素的影响,湿热环境是经常遇到的环境因素之一,导致复合材料力学性能下降。而由于复合材料特殊的成型工艺,其内部不可避免的产生孔隙缺陷,它对复合材料的力学性能存在不利影响。在孔隙缺陷存在的条件下,湿热环境对复合材料力学性能的影响更为严重。因此,研究湿热环境下孔隙对复合材料的影响具有重要意义。
采用热压罐成型工艺制备碳纤维/环氧复合材料层压板,设置不同的固化压力0.4、0.2和0.0MPa,得到的孔隙率范围为0.33~2%。采用超声A扫描和金相显微镜分析孔隙率、孔隙形貌、分布和尺寸等特征;根据HB7401-96进行湿热环境试验,进行静态力学性能测试包括拉伸性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能和层间剪切性能。
研究结果表明:孔隙率从0.33%增大到2%,孔隙的尺寸由圆球形增大为拉长形,而且会沿层间发展,长宽比集中在1.54~3.34之间。吸湿饱和后,出现层间裂纹,裂纹会由孔隙处引发并扩展。层压板吸湿初始阶段遵循M i与t 12的线性关系。吸湿后期偏离线性关系。饱和吸湿量和扩散系数都随着孔隙率的增加而增加,吸湿到达饱和的时间随孔隙率的增加变化不明显,试样尺寸影响平衡吸湿量和扩散系数。
拉伸强度和拉伸模量随吸湿时间的延长呈现起伏状变化,最终下降,弯曲、压缩和层间剪切性能呈现下降趋势。随孔隙率增加,拉伸强度下降了6.5%、2.5%和1.2%,吸湿饱和后拉伸模量基本上无变化;吸湿饱和后压缩强度下降了14.6%和20.5%;弯曲强度下降了13.3%和18.7%;层间剪切强度下降了19.7%、27.4%和35.2%。吸湿前后层压板拉伸、压缩、弯曲和层间剪切损伤形式变化影响不大,随着孔隙率的增加,损伤变得严重。随孔隙率从0.33%增加到2%,脱湿后拉伸强度恢复程度变小,压缩、弯曲和层间剪切强度恢复程度减少,均未恢复至室温时的强度。
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers composite materials with excellent property have a wide application in the aerospace field, but they affected kinds of environmental factors during storage and use of the process, including hygrothermal environment is frequently encountered environment factors. Under hygrothermal environment, the mechanical properties decreased, which makes the design and use of composite materials more difficult. And because a special molding process, composite materials of internal maybe produce pore defects, it has a undesirable effect on mechanical properties of composite materials with exist of pore defects, hygrothermal environment effects the mechanical properties more serious. Therefore, the research that pore effects the properties of composite under the hygrothermal environment is meaningful.
Useing autoclave molding process, preparation of a series of different porosity of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates, set different curing stress 0.4, 0.2 and 0.0MPa, porosity ranging from 0.33% to 2%. Using ultrasound A scan and optical microscopy to analysis porosity, pore morphology, distribution, size characteristics. According to HB7401-96, carry on hygrothermal environment and room temperature test, static mechanical properties including tensile properties, compression properties, bend properties and interlaminar shear properties.
The results show that: when the porosity increase from 0.33% to 2%, the pore side change from the spherical to elongated shape, and will develop along the layers, the aspect ratio between concentration of 1.54~3.34. After moisture saturated, show layer cracks, crack caused by pore and expanded. Laminate's moisture follows the linear relationship of M i and t 12 on the initial stage, and later absorbence deviate from the linear relationship. Saturated moisture content and diffusion coefficient increase with increasing porosity; the time of moisture reach the saturation increases with the porosity increased slightly; Sample size affect the equilibrium moisture content and diffusion coefficient.
The tensile strength and modulus fluctuate during the increase of moisture absorption time, and decline at last. The properties of bend, compress and interlaminar shear decline during the moisture absorption time. As pore rate increases, tensile strength falls 6.5%, 2.5% and 1.2% respectively, Tensile modulus after moisture saturation is basically unchanged; After saturation, compress strength falls 14.6% and 20.5% respectively; Bend strength falls 13.3% and 18.7% respectively; interlaminar shear strength falls 19.7%、27.4% and 35.2% respectively. A little influence on the injuries form of tensile, compression, bending and interlaminar shear, along with the increase of porosity, damage becomes severe. With the porosity from 0.33% to 2%, the tensile strength recovery after drying smaller extent, compression, bending and interlaminar shear strength recovery minimize, were not returned to the room temperature strength.
采用热压罐成型工艺制备碳纤维/环氧复合材料层压板,设置不同的固化压力0.4、0.2和0.0MPa,得到的孔隙率范围为0.33~2%。采用超声A扫描和金相显微镜分析孔隙率、孔隙形貌、分布和尺寸等特征;根据HB7401-96进行湿热环境试验,进行静态力学性能测试包括拉伸性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能和层间剪切性能。
研究结果表明:孔隙率从0.33%增大到2%,孔隙的尺寸由圆球形增大为拉长形,而且会沿层间发展,长宽比集中在1.54~3.34之间。吸湿饱和后,出现层间裂纹,裂纹会由孔隙处引发并扩展。层压板吸湿初始阶段遵循M i与t 12的线性关系。吸湿后期偏离线性关系。饱和吸湿量和扩散系数都随着孔隙率的增加而增加,吸湿到达饱和的时间随孔隙率的增加变化不明显,试样尺寸影响平衡吸湿量和扩散系数。
拉伸强度和拉伸模量随吸湿时间的延长呈现起伏状变化,最终下降,弯曲、压缩和层间剪切性能呈现下降趋势。随孔隙率增加,拉伸强度下降了6.5%、2.5%和1.2%,吸湿饱和后拉伸模量基本上无变化;吸湿饱和后压缩强度下降了14.6%和20.5%;弯曲强度下降了13.3%和18.7%;层间剪切强度下降了19.7%、27.4%和35.2%。吸湿前后层压板拉伸、压缩、弯曲和层间剪切损伤形式变化影响不大,随着孔隙率的增加,损伤变得严重。随孔隙率从0.33%增加到2%,脱湿后拉伸强度恢复程度变小,压缩、弯曲和层间剪切强度恢复程度减少,均未恢复至室温时的强度。
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers composite materials with excellent property have a wide application in the aerospace field, but they affected kinds of environmental factors during storage and use of the process, including hygrothermal environment is frequently encountered environment factors. Under hygrothermal environment, the mechanical properties decreased, which makes the design and use of composite materials more difficult. And because a special molding process, composite materials of internal maybe produce pore defects, it has a undesirable effect on mechanical properties of composite materials with exist of pore defects, hygrothermal environment effects the mechanical properties more serious. Therefore, the research that pore effects the properties of composite under the hygrothermal environment is meaningful.
Useing autoclave molding process, preparation of a series of different porosity of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates, set different curing stress 0.4, 0.2 and 0.0MPa, porosity ranging from 0.33% to 2%. Using ultrasound A scan and optical microscopy to analysis porosity, pore morphology, distribution, size characteristics. According to HB7401-96, carry on hygrothermal environment and room temperature test, static mechanical properties including tensile properties, compression properties, bend properties and interlaminar shear properties.
The results show that: when the porosity increase from 0.33% to 2%, the pore side change from the spherical to elongated shape, and will develop along the layers, the aspect ratio between concentration of 1.54~3.34. After moisture saturated, show layer cracks, crack caused by pore and expanded. Laminate's moisture follows the linear relationship of M i and t 12 on the initial stage, and later absorbence deviate from the linear relationship. Saturated moisture content and diffusion coefficient increase with increasing porosity; the time of moisture reach the saturation increases with the porosity increased slightly; Sample size affect the equilibrium moisture content and diffusion coefficient.
The tensile strength and modulus fluctuate during the increase of moisture absorption time, and decline at last. The properties of bend, compress and interlaminar shear decline during the moisture absorption time. As pore rate increases, tensile strength falls 6.5%, 2.5% and 1.2% respectively, Tensile modulus after moisture saturation is basically unchanged; After saturation, compress strength falls 14.6% and 20.5% respectively; Bend strength falls 13.3% and 18.7% respectively; interlaminar shear strength falls 19.7%、27.4% and 35.2% respectively. A little influence on the injuries form of tensile, compression, bending and interlaminar shear, along with the increase of porosity, damage becomes severe. With the porosity from 0.33% to 2%, the tensile strength recovery after drying smaller extent, compression, bending and interlaminar shear strength recovery minimize, were not returned to the room temperature strength.
引文
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