花棒土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的研究
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摘要
本文以内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠东北缘的两种不同沙地类型(半固定沙丘和固定沙丘)中花棒为研究对象,对花棒土壤微生物、土壤酶进行了研究,结果表明:
1.花棒人工林两样地根际与非根际土壤细菌数量均以夏季最多,春季居中,秋季最少。两样地根际土壤真菌数量夏季>春季>秋季;两样地非根际土壤真菌数量秋季>夏季>春季。固定沙丘根际及半固定沙丘根际与非根际土壤放线菌的变化规律都是春季最高,秋季居中,夏季最低;固定沙丘非根际土壤放线菌的变化规律是夏季最高,秋季居中,春季最低。土壤微生物数量两样地季节变化规律为夏季>春季>秋季。
2.5年、10年、20年生花棒人工林两样地根际土壤细菌数量随林龄增长而增加,两样地非根际土壤细菌数量随林龄增长表现出先升高后降低的变化。两样地根际与非根际土壤真菌数量均表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势。固定沙丘根际、非根际土壤放线菌数量表现出随林龄增长先升高后降低的变化规律;半固定沙丘根际、非根际土壤放线菌数量表现出随林龄增长稳中有增的变化。三大类微生物数量的变化与细菌的变化趋势一致。
3.三大类土壤微生物数量随着土层深度的增加均呈现出减少趋势。
4.花棒土壤微生物细菌的根际效应随着春、夏、秋的季节变化而升高,3个季节的根际效应分别为1.02、1.1、1.65;真菌的根际效应为4.85、2.79、1.07,随着季节的变化而降低;放线菌的根际效应为8.89、1.02、7.25,春季最高,秋季最低,夏季居中,数值差较大,根际效应较为明显。
5.花棒根际土壤微生物中细菌优势属为微球菌属(Micrococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)。真菌优势属为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)。放线菌优势属为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)。
6.脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性在两样地中,随着土层的加深酶活性降低。随着林龄的增长,脲酶活性逐渐降低;过氧化氢酶的活性在固定沙丘有逐渐减少的趋势,半固定沙丘的变化趋势为先减少后逐渐增加;碱性磷酸酶活性固定沙丘先增加后减少,半固定沙丘先减少后稍有增加。
Researching into rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere soil of Hedysarum scoparium sampled from the two distinct dunes——the anchored and the semi-fixed——located the northeast peripheral zones of Ulan Buh Desert,Inner Mongolia , the author analyzed the relational data in detail about the soil microbes & soil enzymes , and the results show that:
1.The amounts of the three microbes——bacteria、fungi and actinomyces——in summer is the largest, spring the second and autumn the least, and it is the same with the amount of the rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere soil bacteria. The sequence of the seasons is summer、spring and autumn on the quantity of the rhizosphere soil fungi ,however,that is autumn、summer and spring on the number of the non-rhizosphere soil fungi. The amount of the non-rhizosphere soil actinomyces in the anchored dunes fellows the pattern that it is largest in summer, second in spring and least in autumn, and the pattern of other actinomyces——rhizosphere in the anchored dunes、rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere in the semi-fixed dunes——is that the quantity is the largest in summer, second in autumn and least in spring.
2.The amount of the three microbes increases with the increases of stand age in the rhizosphere, but in the non-rhizosphere that increases firstly and decreases later. The amount of bacteria also follows that pattern. And the amount of the fungi increases at first, then decreases with the increase of the stand age. The amount of the actinomyces in the anchored dunes increases at first, then decreases as well, but in the semi-fixed dunes it is on a steady increase.
3.The amount of the three microbes respectively decreases with the increase in soil depth.
4.The rhizosphere effect of the bacteria rises with the change of seasons, and R/S values are respectively 1.02 in spring、1.1 in summer、1.65 in autumn; the effect of the fungi declines with seasons, which R/S values were 4.85 in spring、2.79 in summer、1.07 in autumn; and the effect of actinomyces are remarkable, which R/S values are 8.89 in spring、1.02 in summer、7.25 in autumn with a notable difference.
5.Among the edaphon, the dominate genus of bacteria are Micrococcus、Bacillus、Corynebacterium,the fungi are Penicillium、Aspergillus、Alternaria,and the actinomyces are Streptomyces、Nocardia、Micromonospora.
6.The soil samples having been detected, the enzymatic activities of urease、catalase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) decline with the increase in soil depth. With the increase of the stand age, the activity of urease gradually declines; the activity of catalase is on a general downtrend in the anchored dunes, but in the semi-fixed dunes that is in the form of a crescent trend after a modest decrease, so is the activity of AKP in the anchored dunes; the activity of AKP in the semi-fixed dunes declines at first and increases later.
1.花棒人工林两样地根际与非根际土壤细菌数量均以夏季最多,春季居中,秋季最少。两样地根际土壤真菌数量夏季>春季>秋季;两样地非根际土壤真菌数量秋季>夏季>春季。固定沙丘根际及半固定沙丘根际与非根际土壤放线菌的变化规律都是春季最高,秋季居中,夏季最低;固定沙丘非根际土壤放线菌的变化规律是夏季最高,秋季居中,春季最低。土壤微生物数量两样地季节变化规律为夏季>春季>秋季。
2.5年、10年、20年生花棒人工林两样地根际土壤细菌数量随林龄增长而增加,两样地非根际土壤细菌数量随林龄增长表现出先升高后降低的变化。两样地根际与非根际土壤真菌数量均表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势。固定沙丘根际、非根际土壤放线菌数量表现出随林龄增长先升高后降低的变化规律;半固定沙丘根际、非根际土壤放线菌数量表现出随林龄增长稳中有增的变化。三大类微生物数量的变化与细菌的变化趋势一致。
3.三大类土壤微生物数量随着土层深度的增加均呈现出减少趋势。
4.花棒土壤微生物细菌的根际效应随着春、夏、秋的季节变化而升高,3个季节的根际效应分别为1.02、1.1、1.65;真菌的根际效应为4.85、2.79、1.07,随着季节的变化而降低;放线菌的根际效应为8.89、1.02、7.25,春季最高,秋季最低,夏季居中,数值差较大,根际效应较为明显。
5.花棒根际土壤微生物中细菌优势属为微球菌属(Micrococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)。真菌优势属为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)。放线菌优势属为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)。
6.脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性在两样地中,随着土层的加深酶活性降低。随着林龄的增长,脲酶活性逐渐降低;过氧化氢酶的活性在固定沙丘有逐渐减少的趋势,半固定沙丘的变化趋势为先减少后逐渐增加;碱性磷酸酶活性固定沙丘先增加后减少,半固定沙丘先减少后稍有增加。
Researching into rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere soil of Hedysarum scoparium sampled from the two distinct dunes——the anchored and the semi-fixed——located the northeast peripheral zones of Ulan Buh Desert,Inner Mongolia , the author analyzed the relational data in detail about the soil microbes & soil enzymes , and the results show that:
1.The amounts of the three microbes——bacteria、fungi and actinomyces——in summer is the largest, spring the second and autumn the least, and it is the same with the amount of the rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere soil bacteria. The sequence of the seasons is summer、spring and autumn on the quantity of the rhizosphere soil fungi ,however,that is autumn、summer and spring on the number of the non-rhizosphere soil fungi. The amount of the non-rhizosphere soil actinomyces in the anchored dunes fellows the pattern that it is largest in summer, second in spring and least in autumn, and the pattern of other actinomyces——rhizosphere in the anchored dunes、rhizosphere & non-rhizosphere in the semi-fixed dunes——is that the quantity is the largest in summer, second in autumn and least in spring.
2.The amount of the three microbes increases with the increases of stand age in the rhizosphere, but in the non-rhizosphere that increases firstly and decreases later. The amount of bacteria also follows that pattern. And the amount of the fungi increases at first, then decreases with the increase of the stand age. The amount of the actinomyces in the anchored dunes increases at first, then decreases as well, but in the semi-fixed dunes it is on a steady increase.
3.The amount of the three microbes respectively decreases with the increase in soil depth.
4.The rhizosphere effect of the bacteria rises with the change of seasons, and R/S values are respectively 1.02 in spring、1.1 in summer、1.65 in autumn; the effect of the fungi declines with seasons, which R/S values were 4.85 in spring、2.79 in summer、1.07 in autumn; and the effect of actinomyces are remarkable, which R/S values are 8.89 in spring、1.02 in summer、7.25 in autumn with a notable difference.
5.Among the edaphon, the dominate genus of bacteria are Micrococcus、Bacillus、Corynebacterium,the fungi are Penicillium、Aspergillus、Alternaria,and the actinomyces are Streptomyces、Nocardia、Micromonospora.
6.The soil samples having been detected, the enzymatic activities of urease、catalase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) decline with the increase in soil depth. With the increase of the stand age, the activity of urease gradually declines; the activity of catalase is on a general downtrend in the anchored dunes, but in the semi-fixed dunes that is in the form of a crescent trend after a modest decrease, so is the activity of AKP in the anchored dunes; the activity of AKP in the semi-fixed dunes declines at first and increases later.
引文
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