乌兰布和沙漠东缘人工绿洲土壤质量演变研究
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摘要
本文通过野外调查和室内测试,应用时空对比法,多层次多指标分析了乌兰布和沙漠东缘人工绿洲土壤的理化性质,探索人工绿洲进程(1980-2008a)土壤质量演变情况。分析结果如下:
(1)土壤(0-10cm)粗砂含量由1980a的19.7%下降2008a到3.8%;粉粒总含量由11.3%增加到40.7%,粘粒含量0.2%增加到3.0%,土壤粉粘比下降了83.7%,平均每年下降6.7%,粉粘比拟合曲线方程y=1.31375x2-20.558x+97.423,R2=0.9574,呈显著性相关。其他各层砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量变化相似。
(2)土壤表层(0-30cm)有机质与对照相比增量为4.95g/kg,平均每年递增0.18g/kg,年增长率为13.4%;表层土壤全氮量与对照年相比增长了0.52g/kg,全磷增量为0.088 g/kg,全钾增量为0.951 g/kg;表层土壤速效氮增量为25.90 mg/kg,速效磷增量为1.824 mg/kg,速效钾增量为139.4 mg/kg,其他各层变化相似。
(3)土壤表层全盐量降幅为0.655%,0-10cm表层pH值由1980a的8.5下降到2008a的8.1,全盐量和pH值总体变化趋势在下降。
(4)土壤Ca2+含量增加了0.749mmol/kg,Mg2+含量增加了0.169mmol/kg ,Na++K+含量下降了9.52 mmol∕kg,SO42-增加了0.091 mmol∕kg, Cl-降低了1.727 mmol∕kg,土壤中HCO3-的含量呈明显下降趋势,可解释为在绿洲化进程中HCO3-转化为CO32-,并与二价钙镁离子结合形成沉淀固定于土层中。
(5)Na+∕Ca2+值降低了86%,土壤生物地球化学循环由钠循环转变为钙循环,土壤盐分以中性盐(Na2SO4和NaCl)为主。
(6)一场到四场土壤Sa值增加了1.41,表明一场土壤质量优于四场,时间进程上Sa值降低了19%,Sa值下降反映了土壤在发育进化。
(7)一场到四场土壤H/F值增加了54.5%,表明一场土壤质量优于四场,H/F由1980a的1.44下降到2008a的0.90,下降了37.5%,H/F值下降表明土壤在进化。
(8)采用主成分分析法对人工绿洲进程中土壤理化性质进行综合评价,结果表明:土壤质量综合评价值有明显增加趋势,即人工绿洲化过程可以改善荒漠土壤质量。
This article analyzed the physical-chemical nature of the artificial oasis soil on the eastern edge of Wulanbuhe desert in Multi-level and multi objectives, through the field investigation and the indoor tests, with the application of space and time correlation method, to explore the soil quality evolution situation during the artificial oasis advancement (1980-2008).The analysis resulted as follows:
(1) The coarse sand content of soil (0-10cm) dropped from 19.7% in 2008 to 3.8% in 1980; The silt total content increased from 11.3% to 40.7%, the clay content increased from 0.2% to 3.0%, the soil powder sticking percentage dropped 83.7%, the average dropping percentage is 6.7% every year, the powder sticking percentage fitted curve equation is y=1.31375x2-20.558x+97.423, R2=0.9574, it assumes the significance relations. Other sand grains, the silt, the clay content of each layer changes similarly.
(2)The organic matter of soil surface layer (0-30cm) compares with the comparison increased by 4.95g/kg, the average increscent is 0.18g/kg every year, the yearly increasing rate is 13.4%; The entire nitrogen quantity of soil surface layer compared with the comparison grows 0.52g/kg, the entire phosphorus increscent is 0.088 g/kg, the entire potassium increscent is 0.951 g/kg; The fast-acting nitrogen of soil surface layer increscent is 25.90 mg/kg, the fast-acting phosphorus increscent is 1.824 mg/kg, the fast-acting potassium increscent is 139.4 mg/kg, other changing of each layer is similarly.
(3)The entire salt quantity range fall of the soil surface layer is 0.655%, the pH value of the 0-10cm surface layer drops from 8.5 in 1980 to 8.1 in 2008, the changing tendency of the entire salty quantity and the pH value is dropping overall.
(4) soil Ca2+ content increased by 0.749mmol/kg, Mg2+ content increased by 0.169mmol/kg, the Na++ K+ content dropped by 9.52mmol?kg, SO42- increased by 0.091mmol?kg, Cl- reduced by 1.727mmol?kg, the HCO3- content in the soil assumed the obvious dropping tendency, it might be explained that the advancement of HCO3- has transformed into CO32- in the oasis, and has formed precipitation with two price calcium magnesium heteropolar ,then fix in the soil layer.
(5)Na+?Ca2+ value reduced by 86%, the soil biogeochemistry circulation transformed from the sodium circulation into the calcium circulation, and the soil salinity is neutral salt (Na2SO4 and NaCl ) primarily.
(6) The Sa value of soil increased by 1.41 from farm One to Four, the soil quality of One surpasses Four, during the time advancement, the Sa value reduced by 19%, and the increasing of Sa value reflects that the soil is in the growth evolution.
(7) The H/F value from farm one to four has increased by54.5%,it showsthat the soil quality in farm one is higher than it in four.The HuFu comparison had reduced from 1.44in 2008,it dropped by37.5%.The dropping of the H/F value indicates that the soil is in progress.
(8) Using the principal components analytic method to do the synthetic evaluation of the physical-chemical nature of soil in the artificial oasis process, the result shows that: The synthetic evaluation value of soil quality has obvious increasing tendency, namely the artificial oasis process may improve the quality of wilderness soil.
(1)土壤(0-10cm)粗砂含量由1980a的19.7%下降2008a到3.8%;粉粒总含量由11.3%增加到40.7%,粘粒含量0.2%增加到3.0%,土壤粉粘比下降了83.7%,平均每年下降6.7%,粉粘比拟合曲线方程y=1.31375x2-20.558x+97.423,R2=0.9574,呈显著性相关。其他各层砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量变化相似。
(2)土壤表层(0-30cm)有机质与对照相比增量为4.95g/kg,平均每年递增0.18g/kg,年增长率为13.4%;表层土壤全氮量与对照年相比增长了0.52g/kg,全磷增量为0.088 g/kg,全钾增量为0.951 g/kg;表层土壤速效氮增量为25.90 mg/kg,速效磷增量为1.824 mg/kg,速效钾增量为139.4 mg/kg,其他各层变化相似。
(3)土壤表层全盐量降幅为0.655%,0-10cm表层pH值由1980a的8.5下降到2008a的8.1,全盐量和pH值总体变化趋势在下降。
(4)土壤Ca2+含量增加了0.749mmol/kg,Mg2+含量增加了0.169mmol/kg ,Na++K+含量下降了9.52 mmol∕kg,SO42-增加了0.091 mmol∕kg, Cl-降低了1.727 mmol∕kg,土壤中HCO3-的含量呈明显下降趋势,可解释为在绿洲化进程中HCO3-转化为CO32-,并与二价钙镁离子结合形成沉淀固定于土层中。
(5)Na+∕Ca2+值降低了86%,土壤生物地球化学循环由钠循环转变为钙循环,土壤盐分以中性盐(Na2SO4和NaCl)为主。
(6)一场到四场土壤Sa值增加了1.41,表明一场土壤质量优于四场,时间进程上Sa值降低了19%,Sa值下降反映了土壤在发育进化。
(7)一场到四场土壤H/F值增加了54.5%,表明一场土壤质量优于四场,H/F由1980a的1.44下降到2008a的0.90,下降了37.5%,H/F值下降表明土壤在进化。
(8)采用主成分分析法对人工绿洲进程中土壤理化性质进行综合评价,结果表明:土壤质量综合评价值有明显增加趋势,即人工绿洲化过程可以改善荒漠土壤质量。
This article analyzed the physical-chemical nature of the artificial oasis soil on the eastern edge of Wulanbuhe desert in Multi-level and multi objectives, through the field investigation and the indoor tests, with the application of space and time correlation method, to explore the soil quality evolution situation during the artificial oasis advancement (1980-2008).The analysis resulted as follows:
(1) The coarse sand content of soil (0-10cm) dropped from 19.7% in 2008 to 3.8% in 1980; The silt total content increased from 11.3% to 40.7%, the clay content increased from 0.2% to 3.0%, the soil powder sticking percentage dropped 83.7%, the average dropping percentage is 6.7% every year, the powder sticking percentage fitted curve equation is y=1.31375x2-20.558x+97.423, R2=0.9574, it assumes the significance relations. Other sand grains, the silt, the clay content of each layer changes similarly.
(2)The organic matter of soil surface layer (0-30cm) compares with the comparison increased by 4.95g/kg, the average increscent is 0.18g/kg every year, the yearly increasing rate is 13.4%; The entire nitrogen quantity of soil surface layer compared with the comparison grows 0.52g/kg, the entire phosphorus increscent is 0.088 g/kg, the entire potassium increscent is 0.951 g/kg; The fast-acting nitrogen of soil surface layer increscent is 25.90 mg/kg, the fast-acting phosphorus increscent is 1.824 mg/kg, the fast-acting potassium increscent is 139.4 mg/kg, other changing of each layer is similarly.
(3)The entire salt quantity range fall of the soil surface layer is 0.655%, the pH value of the 0-10cm surface layer drops from 8.5 in 1980 to 8.1 in 2008, the changing tendency of the entire salty quantity and the pH value is dropping overall.
(4) soil Ca2+ content increased by 0.749mmol/kg, Mg2+ content increased by 0.169mmol/kg, the Na++ K+ content dropped by 9.52mmol?kg, SO42- increased by 0.091mmol?kg, Cl- reduced by 1.727mmol?kg, the HCO3- content in the soil assumed the obvious dropping tendency, it might be explained that the advancement of HCO3- has transformed into CO32- in the oasis, and has formed precipitation with two price calcium magnesium heteropolar ,then fix in the soil layer.
(5)Na+?Ca2+ value reduced by 86%, the soil biogeochemistry circulation transformed from the sodium circulation into the calcium circulation, and the soil salinity is neutral salt (Na2SO4 and NaCl ) primarily.
(6) The Sa value of soil increased by 1.41 from farm One to Four, the soil quality of One surpasses Four, during the time advancement, the Sa value reduced by 19%, and the increasing of Sa value reflects that the soil is in the growth evolution.
(7) The H/F value from farm one to four has increased by54.5%,it showsthat the soil quality in farm one is higher than it in four.The HuFu comparison had reduced from 1.44in 2008,it dropped by37.5%.The dropping of the H/F value indicates that the soil is in progress.
(8) Using the principal components analytic method to do the synthetic evaluation of the physical-chemical nature of soil in the artificial oasis process, the result shows that: The synthetic evaluation value of soil quality has obvious increasing tendency, namely the artificial oasis process may improve the quality of wilderness soil.
引文
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