电刺激岛叶皮层对大鼠呼吸运动的影响
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摘要
睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，又称睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症是指每晚7小时睡眠过程中呼吸暂停反复发作30次以上或者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次/小时并伴有嗜睡等临床症状。行多导睡眠图仪（PSG）监测可明确诊断。根据发病机制分为三类，其中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征占大多数。患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)时，由于反复发作的低血氧、高碳酸血症可致神经功能失调，儿茶酚胺、内皮素及肾素-血管紧张素系统失调，内分泌功能紊乱及血液动力学改变，造成全身多器官多系统损害，严重影响人体健康。我国多个地区对该疾病的流行病学调查显示人群发病率为4%左右，且男性高于女性。由于生活水平的提高及人们生活习惯的改变，该疾病的发病率呈上升趋势，因此对该疾病发病的中枢机制及可能的治疗方法的研究刻不容缓。
目的：探讨电刺激岛叶皮层对大鼠呼吸运动的影响，从而对OSA发病机制的进一步研究提供理论依据。
方法：将65只大鼠随机分为三组：电刺激岛叶组：实验组15只，对照组10只；电刺激缰核组：实验组10只，对照组10只；高频电刺激阻断缰核后电刺激岛叶组20只。首先应用同心圆电极刺激岛叶皮层、缰核，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动，每次连续描记1小时。电刺激岛叶出现呼吸暂停确定位置后，立即高频电（200Hz,0.08-0.1mA，0.3ms）刺激缰核30min，然后刺激岛叶皮层，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动。应用SPSS13.0统计软件对所得数据采用配对样本t检验，P<0.05为差异有显著性意义。实验数据以均数±标准差表示，数据应符合正态分布。
1、电刺激岛叶组：由于大鼠出血、麻醉等原因死亡。因此记录Wistar大鼠21只刺激前后呼吸曲线及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电。其中实验组12例，刺激后大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及不同程度的呼吸紊乱。呼吸频率较刺激前加快，呼吸幅度较刺激前加大。刺激前后二者变化差异具有显著意义。颏舌肌肌电活动受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。对照组大鼠9只，未出现呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，刺激前后呼吸频率和呼吸幅度无显著差异，颏舌肌及膈肌肌电无显著差异。
2、电刺激缰核组：电刺激缰核后，大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，颏舌肌肌电受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。
3、应用200Hz高频电刺激缰核不能引起大鼠呼吸暂停，在高频电刺激缰核30min后电刺激岛叶皮层，大鼠呼吸紊乱程度较未高频电刺激缰核前程度减轻。
结论：1、电刺激岛叶皮层可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。2、电刺激缰核可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。3、不同频率电刺激对大鼠呼吸运动影响不同，高频电刺激可能阻断缰核，从而阻断岛叶皮层信号传导。
Sleep apnea syndrome, also known as sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome isapnoea hypopnea happen repeatedly more than30times per night in7hours orsleep apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥5/hr and accompanied by lethargy andother symptoms.Line polysomnography instrument (PSG) monitoring canconfirm the diagnosis. According to the pathogenesis the disease is divided intothree categories. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are more than the other twotypes. When suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), due torecurrent episodes of hypoxemia, hypercapnia can cause neurological disorders,catecholamines, endothelin and renin-angiotensin system disorders, endocrinedysfunction and blooddynamics change,the disease can result in multiple organsystem damage. Human health is affected seriously. Epidemiologyinvestigation for this disease in many areas of China shows that the mortalityrate was about4%, and in male is higher than in the female.Due to theimprovement of living standard and the change of people’s living habits, theincidence of the disease is rising, the study of the central mechanisms of thedisease and possible treatments without delay.
Objective：To investigate the respiratory movement effects of electricstimulation on insular cortex of rats. And On this basis, provides the theorybasis for further research on the pathogenesis of OSA
Methods: The adult Wistar rats were (weight220-250g, male and femaleunlimited) selected for the experiments. Experiments were performed on ratsby electrical stimulation with electrode at the INS and Hb, recording the changeof respiratory frequency and myoelectricity of genioglossus muscle anddiaphragmatic muscle. Use SPSS13.0soft ware to conduct the datum. The continuous variables were reprensented by mean±standarddeviation.Compares any two groups of t-test, P <0.05for significantdifference.
Results：1.The respiratory effects and the changes of myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle by electrical stimulation on theinsula（INS）: The experimental group showed that the natural breathing patternof the rats increased in tempo and depth.The myoelectricity of genioglossusmuscle was inhibited and myoelectricity of diaphragmatic muscle wasstrengthened. The control group showed no obvious change in frequency andbreadth by electrical stimulation on the INS. The myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle had also no change.2.Theresult of stimulating on the Hb was the same to stimulating on the Hb.3.Highfrequency（200Hz） stimulation on the Hb can not induce the changes of themyoelectricity of genioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle.
Conclusion:1. The respiratory effects and myoelectricity of genioglossusmuscle and diaphragmatic muscle of rats can be changed by electricalstimulation on the INS.2. The respiratory effects and myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle of rats can be changed byelectrical stimulation on the Hb.3. Different frequency electrical stimulationhave different effects on respiratory effects of rat, high frequency electricstimulation may block theHb, which block signaling of INS.
目的：探讨电刺激岛叶皮层对大鼠呼吸运动的影响，从而对OSA发病机制的进一步研究提供理论依据。
方法：将65只大鼠随机分为三组：电刺激岛叶组：实验组15只，对照组10只；电刺激缰核组：实验组10只，对照组10只；高频电刺激阻断缰核后电刺激岛叶组20只。首先应用同心圆电极刺激岛叶皮层、缰核，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动，每次连续描记1小时。电刺激岛叶出现呼吸暂停确定位置后，立即高频电（200Hz,0.08-0.1mA，0.3ms）刺激缰核30min，然后刺激岛叶皮层，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动。应用SPSS13.0统计软件对所得数据采用配对样本t检验，P<0.05为差异有显著性意义。实验数据以均数±标准差表示，数据应符合正态分布。
1、电刺激岛叶组：由于大鼠出血、麻醉等原因死亡。因此记录Wistar大鼠21只刺激前后呼吸曲线及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电。其中实验组12例，刺激后大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及不同程度的呼吸紊乱。呼吸频率较刺激前加快，呼吸幅度较刺激前加大。刺激前后二者变化差异具有显著意义。颏舌肌肌电活动受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。对照组大鼠9只，未出现呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，刺激前后呼吸频率和呼吸幅度无显著差异，颏舌肌及膈肌肌电无显著差异。
2、电刺激缰核组：电刺激缰核后，大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，颏舌肌肌电受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。
3、应用200Hz高频电刺激缰核不能引起大鼠呼吸暂停，在高频电刺激缰核30min后电刺激岛叶皮层，大鼠呼吸紊乱程度较未高频电刺激缰核前程度减轻。
结论：1、电刺激岛叶皮层可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。2、电刺激缰核可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。3、不同频率电刺激对大鼠呼吸运动影响不同，高频电刺激可能阻断缰核，从而阻断岛叶皮层信号传导。
Sleep apnea syndrome, also known as sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome isapnoea hypopnea happen repeatedly more than30times per night in7hours orsleep apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥5/hr and accompanied by lethargy andother symptoms.Line polysomnography instrument (PSG) monitoring canconfirm the diagnosis. According to the pathogenesis the disease is divided intothree categories. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are more than the other twotypes. When suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), due torecurrent episodes of hypoxemia, hypercapnia can cause neurological disorders,catecholamines, endothelin and renin-angiotensin system disorders, endocrinedysfunction and blooddynamics change,the disease can result in multiple organsystem damage. Human health is affected seriously. Epidemiologyinvestigation for this disease in many areas of China shows that the mortalityrate was about4%, and in male is higher than in the female.Due to theimprovement of living standard and the change of people’s living habits, theincidence of the disease is rising, the study of the central mechanisms of thedisease and possible treatments without delay.
Objective：To investigate the respiratory movement effects of electricstimulation on insular cortex of rats. And On this basis, provides the theorybasis for further research on the pathogenesis of OSA
Methods: The adult Wistar rats were (weight220-250g, male and femaleunlimited) selected for the experiments. Experiments were performed on ratsby electrical stimulation with electrode at the INS and Hb, recording the changeof respiratory frequency and myoelectricity of genioglossus muscle anddiaphragmatic muscle. Use SPSS13.0soft ware to conduct the datum. The continuous variables were reprensented by mean±standarddeviation.Compares any two groups of t-test, P <0.05for significantdifference.
Results：1.The respiratory effects and the changes of myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle by electrical stimulation on theinsula（INS）: The experimental group showed that the natural breathing patternof the rats increased in tempo and depth.The myoelectricity of genioglossusmuscle was inhibited and myoelectricity of diaphragmatic muscle wasstrengthened. The control group showed no obvious change in frequency andbreadth by electrical stimulation on the INS. The myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle had also no change.2.Theresult of stimulating on the Hb was the same to stimulating on the Hb.3.Highfrequency（200Hz） stimulation on the Hb can not induce the changes of themyoelectricity of genioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle.
Conclusion:1. The respiratory effects and myoelectricity of genioglossusmuscle and diaphragmatic muscle of rats can be changed by electricalstimulation on the INS.2. The respiratory effects and myoelectricity ofgenioglossus muscle and diaphragmatic muscle of rats can be changed byelectrical stimulation on the Hb.3. Different frequency electrical stimulationhave different effects on respiratory effects of rat, high frequency electricstimulation may block theHb, which block signaling of INS.
引文
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