基于IACS规范的船体结构极限强度方法研究
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摘要
船体结构中的板单元由于周边骨架的支持在受压失稳后并不会立即破坏,而是还能继续承受一定的压缩载荷直至崩溃,结构在崩溃前能够承受的最大载荷称为结构的最终极限强度。极限强度充分利用了结构的后屈曲性能,能够反映结构的真实强度储备,最大程度的满足安全性和经济性的设计要求,并被国际船级社协会作为一项必须提交的任务书的要求提出。本文基于IACS的散货船共同结构规范,对目前存在的几种船体结构极限强度计算方法进行了研究。论文主要完成的工作如下:
1)阐述了船体结构在服务极限状态、最终极限状态、疲劳极限状态、事故极限状态下的设计原则和技术要求;
2)介绍了基于破坏模式的极限强度求解方法,并通过经验公式和能量法求解了连续板和连续加筋板结构的极限强度,研究了焊接残余应力、局部载荷、板梁相互作用和塑性修正对结构的极限强度影响;
3)比较了08修正版共同结构规范与06版规范的区别,并基于新规范的逐步破坏法理论,用PCL语言编制了一套可视化极限强度程序,对经典箱形梁和散货船模型进行了极限强度求解,验证了程序的可靠性,并研究了新规范对结构极限强度量值的影响;
4)研究了非线性有限元在极限强度方面的应用方法,用ABAQUS软件对连续板、加筋板、箱形梁和散货船模型进行求解,比较了理论公式、逐步破坏法和非线性有限元法的优劣。
5)比较了有效宽度的计算方法,并对屈服应力、双向应力比和骨材选型三种参数的敏感度进行了分析。
Plates in ship structure due to the support of around frames will not be destroyed immediately after compressive buckling, but still bearing some compressive loads until collapse. The maximum load capacity just before collapse happenes is called ultimate strength. It can make full use of structure post-buckling performance, reflect the true strength margin, and satisfy the safety and economic requirement to the utmost extent, thus has been treated as a compulsory job by IACS. The article studied some methods for ship structure ultimate strength base on IACS common structure rules. The main job has been done is as follow:
1) Discussed the design principle and technical requirement of ship structure during serviceability state, ultimate limit state, fatigue limit state and accidental limit state.
2) Introduced ultimate strength calculation methods based on collapse modes, and analyzed continuous plate and continuous stiffened plate models with experiential formula method and energy theory method. Studied the influence of welding residual stress, lateral pressure, interaction between plate and stiffener members and plastic correction on structure ultimate strength.
3) Compared the common structure rules of 08 revision and 06 version, worked out a visible program for ultimate strength in PCL language based on progressive collapse method in 08 revision rules. The model results of classical hull girder and buck carrier proved the program’s reliability. Also, the influence of 08 revision rules on ultimate strength was analyzed.
4) Studied the application of nonlinear FEM in ultimate strength field, computed the continuous plate, continuous stiffened plate, hull girder and buck carrier models with ABAQUS software, and compared the advantage and disadvantage among difference methods, namely theory formula method, progressive collapse method and nonlinear FEM method.
5) Compared the existent effective width methods, and made a sensitivity analysis for yielding stress, two-dimensional stress ratio and stiffener type selection parameters.
1)阐述了船体结构在服务极限状态、最终极限状态、疲劳极限状态、事故极限状态下的设计原则和技术要求;
2)介绍了基于破坏模式的极限强度求解方法,并通过经验公式和能量法求解了连续板和连续加筋板结构的极限强度,研究了焊接残余应力、局部载荷、板梁相互作用和塑性修正对结构的极限强度影响;
3)比较了08修正版共同结构规范与06版规范的区别,并基于新规范的逐步破坏法理论,用PCL语言编制了一套可视化极限强度程序,对经典箱形梁和散货船模型进行了极限强度求解,验证了程序的可靠性,并研究了新规范对结构极限强度量值的影响;
4)研究了非线性有限元在极限强度方面的应用方法,用ABAQUS软件对连续板、加筋板、箱形梁和散货船模型进行求解,比较了理论公式、逐步破坏法和非线性有限元法的优劣。
5)比较了有效宽度的计算方法,并对屈服应力、双向应力比和骨材选型三种参数的敏感度进行了分析。
Plates in ship structure due to the support of around frames will not be destroyed immediately after compressive buckling, but still bearing some compressive loads until collapse. The maximum load capacity just before collapse happenes is called ultimate strength. It can make full use of structure post-buckling performance, reflect the true strength margin, and satisfy the safety and economic requirement to the utmost extent, thus has been treated as a compulsory job by IACS. The article studied some methods for ship structure ultimate strength base on IACS common structure rules. The main job has been done is as follow:
1) Discussed the design principle and technical requirement of ship structure during serviceability state, ultimate limit state, fatigue limit state and accidental limit state.
2) Introduced ultimate strength calculation methods based on collapse modes, and analyzed continuous plate and continuous stiffened plate models with experiential formula method and energy theory method. Studied the influence of welding residual stress, lateral pressure, interaction between plate and stiffener members and plastic correction on structure ultimate strength.
3) Compared the common structure rules of 08 revision and 06 version, worked out a visible program for ultimate strength in PCL language based on progressive collapse method in 08 revision rules. The model results of classical hull girder and buck carrier proved the program’s reliability. Also, the influence of 08 revision rules on ultimate strength was analyzed.
4) Studied the application of nonlinear FEM in ultimate strength field, computed the continuous plate, continuous stiffened plate, hull girder and buck carrier models with ABAQUS software, and compared the advantage and disadvantage among difference methods, namely theory formula method, progressive collapse method and nonlinear FEM method.
5) Compared the existent effective width methods, and made a sensitivity analysis for yielding stress, two-dimensional stress ratio and stiffener type selection parameters.
引文
[1] IACS. Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers[S]. 2006
[2] John W G. On the strength of iron ships. Trans Naval Arch, 1874, 15:74~ 93P
[3] Caldwell, J B. Ultimate longitudinal strength[J]. Trans RINA,1965, 107: 415-432P
[4] Nishihara S. Analysis of ultimate strength of stiffened rectangular plate(4th report on the ultimate bending moment of ship hull girders [J]. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1983, 154:367-375P
[5] Jeom kee paik, sang kon lee, et al. A semi-analytical method for the elastic-plastic large deflection analysis of welded steel or aluminum plating under combined in-plane and lateral pressure loads [J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2001, 39:125-152P
[6] Anil k. thayamballi, et al. Ultimate strength of ship hulls under torsion[J]. Ocean Engineering 2001, 28:1097-1131P
[7]徐向东,崔维成,冷建兴等.箱形梁极限承载能力试验与理论研究[J].船舶力学, 2000, 4(5):36-43页
[8] Smith C.S. Influence of local compressive failure on ultimate longitudinal strength of a ship hull [A]. PRADS, 1977, 77(C): 73-79P
[9] O.F. Hughes and M. Ma. Inelastic analysis of panel collapse by stiffener buckling. Computer & Structures, 1996, 61(1): 107-117P
[10] Dow R S, Hugill R C, et al. Evaluation of ultimate ship hull strength, extreme load response symposium [A]. SNAME Trans, 1981, 89:133-147P
[11] Fujikubo, Yao, et al. Estimation of ultimate strength of continuous stiffened panel under combined transverse thrust and lateral pressure Part 2: Continuous stiffened panel[J]. Marine Structures, 2005, 18:(411-427)P
[12] Jeom kee paik, Bong ju kim. Progressive collapse analysis of thin-walled box columns[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2008, 46:541-550P
[13]张剑波,曾常科,肖熙.半潜式平台的极限强度分析研究[J].中国海洋平台, 2005, 20(3):19-22页
[14]孙海虹,肖桃云等.考虑腐蚀影响的船体梁极限承载能力时变可靠性分析[J].中国造船, 2000, 41(2):49-57
[15] Jeom kee paik. Advanced Idealized Structural Elements Considering Both Ductile-collapse and Excessive Tension-Deformation[J]. Naval Architects of Korea, 1993, 30(3), 100-115P
[16] Patrick kaeding, Masahiko fujikubo. New simplified approach to collapse analysis of stiffened plates[J]. Marine Structures, 2002, 15:251-283P
[17] A. K. thayamballi. A concise introduction to the idealized structural unit method for nonlinear analysis of large plated structures and its application[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2003, 41:329-355P
[18]张锦飞,崔维成.理想化结构单元法的油船结构极限强度分析[J].中国造船. 2003, 44(4):28-34页
[19] Chen Y K, Kutt L M, et al. Ultimate strength of ship structures [A]. Trans. SNAME, 1983:149-168P
[20] Yao T, Sumi Y, et al. Analysis of the accident the Mv Nakhodka. Part II: Estimation of structural strength [J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 1998:181-193P
[21] Bong ju kim, Jung kwan seo, Jeom kee paik. Methods for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures(partⅠⅡⅢ), Ocean Engineering, 2008, 35:261-270P
[22] Jung kwan seo, Jeom kee paik. Nonlinear finite element method modes for ultimate strength analysis of steel stiffened-plate structures under combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure actions[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,2008, 5:1-10P
[23] Dowling P J, Moolani F M, Friez P A. The effete of shear lag on the ultimate Strength of box girder[C]. Steel Plated Structures, London, 1976:108-147P
[24] Reckling KA. Behavior of box girder under bending and shear [C]. proc ISSC, Paris 1997, 2:46-49
[25] Dow R S. Testing and analysis of 1/3-scale welded steel frigate model[A]. Proc. Of Intl. Conf. On Advances in Marine Structures, Dunfermline, U.K.,1991: 749-773P
[26] Jeom kee paik. Principles of limit state design for thin-walled structures[C]. APCOM, China, 2004, 4:535-540P
[27] Paik JK, Thayamballi AK, Kim BJ. Large deflection orthotropic plate approach to develop ultimate strength equations for stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression/tension and lateral pressure[J]. Thin-Wall Structures , 2001, 39(3):215–246P
[28] Paik JK, Kim BJ. Ultimate strength formulations for stiffened panels under combined axial load, in-plane bending and lateral pressure: a benchmark study [J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2002, 40:45-83P
[29] Hughes OF. Ship structural design, a rationally-based, computer-aided optimization approach [J]. Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1988.
[30] Paik JK, Thayamballi AK, Park YI. Local buckling of stiffeners in ship plating[J]. Japanese Ship Research, 1998, 42(1):56–67P
[31] Masahiko Fujikubo, tessuya Yao, et al. Estimation of ultimate strength of continuous stiffened panel under combined transverse thrust and lateral pressure Part 2 Continuous stiffened panel[J]. Marine Structures, 2005, 18:411-427P
[32]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学,上海交通大学出版社,1990, 284-289页
[33] Jeom kee paik, et al. An analytical method for the ultimate compressivestrength and effective plating of stiffened panels[J]. Journal of Constructional steel research, 1999, 49:43-68P
[34]王刚. IACS双壳油船共同结构规范的研究[J].中国航海学会船检专业委员会论文集, 2005.
[35] MSC.Patran PCL Referance Manual. Volume 1: Function description.
[36] MSC.Patran User’s Guide. Volume4: PCL and Customization.
[37] Reckling K A. Behavior of box girder under bending and shear [A]. Proc. ISSC[C], Paris, 1997. II .2.46～II .2. 49P
[38]何福志,万正权.船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析[J].船舶力学, 2001, 5(5)21-35页
[39] Dowling P J, Moolani F M. The effect of shear lag on the ultimate strength of box girder[C]. Proc.Intl. Conf.on steel structures, London, 1976: 108~147P
[40] Nishihara S., Ultimate Longitudinal Strength of Midship Cross Section,NavalArvh. And Ocean Engineering,1984,(22), 200-214P
[41]杨平.船体结构极限强度及破损剩余强度的研究[D].武汉理工大学博士论文2005
[42]石亦平,周玉蓉. ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解.机械工业出版社, 2008
[43]徐建国,李育文等.求解非线性问题的修正弧长增量法[J].河南科学, 2002, 20(5):485-486页
[44]曾银枝.几种非线性跟踪算法的比较[J].工程力学增刊2000, 515-517页
[45]石亦平,曹金凤. ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答.机械工业出版社, 2009
[46] Jeom kee paik. Some recent advances in the concepts of plate-effectiveness evaluation[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2008, 46:1035-1046P
[47] John W. On the strains of iron ships [J]. Naval Architects, 1877, 18:98–117P
[48] Karman T. Von. The strength of thin plates in compression [J], Trans ASME, 1932, 54:53-57P
[49] Rhodes J. Some observations on the post-buckling behavior of thin plates and thin-walled members[J]. Thin-Walled structures, 2003, 41:207–26P
[50] Rhodes J. Effective widths in plate buckling developments in thin-walled structures[J]. London: Applied Science Publisher; 1982, 119–158P
[51] Rhodes J. Buckling of thin plates and members—and early work on rectangular tubes. Thin-Walled structures, 2002, 40:87–108P
[52] Winter G. Strength of thin steel compression flanges. Reprint No. 32, Engineering Experimental Station, Cornell University, New York, 1947.
[53] Faulkner D. A review of effective plating for use in the analysis of stiffened plating in bending and compression[J]. Japan Shipbuilding Research 1975,1(1):1–17P
[54]白勇,徐向东,崔维成.船体结构极限强度的影响参数与敏感度探讨[J].船舶力学, 1998, 5(2):35-43页
[2] John W G. On the strength of iron ships. Trans Naval Arch, 1874, 15:74~ 93P
[3] Caldwell, J B. Ultimate longitudinal strength[J]. Trans RINA,1965, 107: 415-432P
[4] Nishihara S. Analysis of ultimate strength of stiffened rectangular plate(4th report on the ultimate bending moment of ship hull girders [J]. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1983, 154:367-375P
[5] Jeom kee paik, sang kon lee, et al. A semi-analytical method for the elastic-plastic large deflection analysis of welded steel or aluminum plating under combined in-plane and lateral pressure loads [J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2001, 39:125-152P
[6] Anil k. thayamballi, et al. Ultimate strength of ship hulls under torsion[J]. Ocean Engineering 2001, 28:1097-1131P
[7]徐向东,崔维成,冷建兴等.箱形梁极限承载能力试验与理论研究[J].船舶力学, 2000, 4(5):36-43页
[8] Smith C.S. Influence of local compressive failure on ultimate longitudinal strength of a ship hull [A]. PRADS, 1977, 77(C): 73-79P
[9] O.F. Hughes and M. Ma. Inelastic analysis of panel collapse by stiffener buckling. Computer & Structures, 1996, 61(1): 107-117P
[10] Dow R S, Hugill R C, et al. Evaluation of ultimate ship hull strength, extreme load response symposium [A]. SNAME Trans, 1981, 89:133-147P
[11] Fujikubo, Yao, et al. Estimation of ultimate strength of continuous stiffened panel under combined transverse thrust and lateral pressure Part 2: Continuous stiffened panel[J]. Marine Structures, 2005, 18:(411-427)P
[12] Jeom kee paik, Bong ju kim. Progressive collapse analysis of thin-walled box columns[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2008, 46:541-550P
[13]张剑波,曾常科,肖熙.半潜式平台的极限强度分析研究[J].中国海洋平台, 2005, 20(3):19-22页
[14]孙海虹,肖桃云等.考虑腐蚀影响的船体梁极限承载能力时变可靠性分析[J].中国造船, 2000, 41(2):49-57
[15] Jeom kee paik. Advanced Idealized Structural Elements Considering Both Ductile-collapse and Excessive Tension-Deformation[J]. Naval Architects of Korea, 1993, 30(3), 100-115P
[16] Patrick kaeding, Masahiko fujikubo. New simplified approach to collapse analysis of stiffened plates[J]. Marine Structures, 2002, 15:251-283P
[17] A. K. thayamballi. A concise introduction to the idealized structural unit method for nonlinear analysis of large plated structures and its application[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2003, 41:329-355P
[18]张锦飞,崔维成.理想化结构单元法的油船结构极限强度分析[J].中国造船. 2003, 44(4):28-34页
[19] Chen Y K, Kutt L M, et al. Ultimate strength of ship structures [A]. Trans. SNAME, 1983:149-168P
[20] Yao T, Sumi Y, et al. Analysis of the accident the Mv Nakhodka. Part II: Estimation of structural strength [J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 1998:181-193P
[21] Bong ju kim, Jung kwan seo, Jeom kee paik. Methods for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures(partⅠⅡⅢ), Ocean Engineering, 2008, 35:261-270P
[22] Jung kwan seo, Jeom kee paik. Nonlinear finite element method modes for ultimate strength analysis of steel stiffened-plate structures under combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure actions[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,2008, 5:1-10P
[23] Dowling P J, Moolani F M, Friez P A. The effete of shear lag on the ultimate Strength of box girder[C]. Steel Plated Structures, London, 1976:108-147P
[24] Reckling KA. Behavior of box girder under bending and shear [C]. proc ISSC, Paris 1997, 2:46-49
[25] Dow R S. Testing and analysis of 1/3-scale welded steel frigate model[A]. Proc. Of Intl. Conf. On Advances in Marine Structures, Dunfermline, U.K.,1991: 749-773P
[26] Jeom kee paik. Principles of limit state design for thin-walled structures[C]. APCOM, China, 2004, 4:535-540P
[27] Paik JK, Thayamballi AK, Kim BJ. Large deflection orthotropic plate approach to develop ultimate strength equations for stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression/tension and lateral pressure[J]. Thin-Wall Structures , 2001, 39(3):215–246P
[28] Paik JK, Kim BJ. Ultimate strength formulations for stiffened panels under combined axial load, in-plane bending and lateral pressure: a benchmark study [J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2002, 40:45-83P
[29] Hughes OF. Ship structural design, a rationally-based, computer-aided optimization approach [J]. Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1988.
[30] Paik JK, Thayamballi AK, Park YI. Local buckling of stiffeners in ship plating[J]. Japanese Ship Research, 1998, 42(1):56–67P
[31] Masahiko Fujikubo, tessuya Yao, et al. Estimation of ultimate strength of continuous stiffened panel under combined transverse thrust and lateral pressure Part 2 Continuous stiffened panel[J]. Marine Structures, 2005, 18:411-427P
[32]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学,上海交通大学出版社,1990, 284-289页
[33] Jeom kee paik, et al. An analytical method for the ultimate compressivestrength and effective plating of stiffened panels[J]. Journal of Constructional steel research, 1999, 49:43-68P
[34]王刚. IACS双壳油船共同结构规范的研究[J].中国航海学会船检专业委员会论文集, 2005.
[35] MSC.Patran PCL Referance Manual. Volume 1: Function description.
[36] MSC.Patran User’s Guide. Volume4: PCL and Customization.
[37] Reckling K A. Behavior of box girder under bending and shear [A]. Proc. ISSC[C], Paris, 1997. II .2.46～II .2. 49P
[38]何福志,万正权.船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析[J].船舶力学, 2001, 5(5)21-35页
[39] Dowling P J, Moolani F M. The effect of shear lag on the ultimate strength of box girder[C]. Proc.Intl. Conf.on steel structures, London, 1976: 108~147P
[40] Nishihara S., Ultimate Longitudinal Strength of Midship Cross Section,NavalArvh. And Ocean Engineering,1984,(22), 200-214P
[41]杨平.船体结构极限强度及破损剩余强度的研究[D].武汉理工大学博士论文2005
[42]石亦平,周玉蓉. ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解.机械工业出版社, 2008
[43]徐建国,李育文等.求解非线性问题的修正弧长增量法[J].河南科学, 2002, 20(5):485-486页
[44]曾银枝.几种非线性跟踪算法的比较[J].工程力学增刊2000, 515-517页
[45]石亦平,曹金凤. ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答.机械工业出版社, 2009
[46] Jeom kee paik. Some recent advances in the concepts of plate-effectiveness evaluation[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2008, 46:1035-1046P
[47] John W. On the strains of iron ships [J]. Naval Architects, 1877, 18:98–117P
[48] Karman T. Von. The strength of thin plates in compression [J], Trans ASME, 1932, 54:53-57P
[49] Rhodes J. Some observations on the post-buckling behavior of thin plates and thin-walled members[J]. Thin-Walled structures, 2003, 41:207–26P
[50] Rhodes J. Effective widths in plate buckling developments in thin-walled structures[J]. London: Applied Science Publisher; 1982, 119–158P
[51] Rhodes J. Buckling of thin plates and members—and early work on rectangular tubes. Thin-Walled structures, 2002, 40:87–108P
[52] Winter G. Strength of thin steel compression flanges. Reprint No. 32, Engineering Experimental Station, Cornell University, New York, 1947.
[53] Faulkner D. A review of effective plating for use in the analysis of stiffened plating in bending and compression[J]. Japan Shipbuilding Research 1975,1(1):1–17P
[54]白勇,徐向东,崔维成.船体结构极限强度的影响参数与敏感度探讨[J].船舶力学, 1998, 5(2):35-43页