大型风力发电机组独立变桨距控制
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摘要
目前,市场上普遍存在的风力发电机组采用变桨距控制,其主要特点是以风力机叶片轴心处风速为参考风速对风力机各叶片进行同步控制。实际中,由于地面存在摩擦,风速随高度变化而变化,因此风力机风轮扫掠面内风速随高度不同而存在差异。随着风力发电机组容量的不断增大,风力机叶片越来越长,其所受到实际风速与参考风速的差异逐渐增大,使得风力机叶片载荷也逐渐增大,这个问题严重影响了风力机的使用寿命。
本文将风力机的独立变桨距控制分成两部分设计:一是集中变桨距控制部分;一是修正变桨距控制部分。利用非线性PID控制设计集中变桨距控制器,使风力发电机组的输出功率稳定在额定值附近;利用状态反馈控制,通过极点配置方法设计修正变桨距控制器,减小风力机各叶片上的载荷。将各叶片的修正桨距角与集中桨距角之和作为对应叶片的独立桨距角输入风力机,实现了对风力机各叶片的独立变桨距控制。分别在阶跃风速和随机风速下对风力发电机组进行数字仿真研究,结果表明独立变桨距控制能够降低风力机叶片的载荷,延长风力机使用寿命,并且具有更好的动态性能和静态误差。
状态反馈在风力发电机组的稳定点附近具有良好的调节作用,但如果对系统的动态特性要求相对较高时,基于状态反馈的独立变桨距控制器就难以达到设计目的。本文引入基于扰动调节控制(Disturbance Accommodating Control简称DAC)的修正变桨距控制,利用DAC得到风力机各叶片的修正桨距角。在阶跃风速和随机风速下对风力发电机组进行数字仿真研究,结果表明基于DAC在抵消风速随高度变化的波动对风力发电机组的影响上优于基于状态反馈控制。
At present, variable pitch control wind turbine is widespread in the market. This wind turbine uses the wind speed on the axis of the blade as the reference wind speed for wind blade synchronous control. In fact, because of the existing of ground friction, the wind speed is changing with the height and the wind speed in the surface of revolution of the wind blades. With the increasing of the wind turbine capacity, the difference of the blade wind speed with different spin high degree is gradually increasing, making the loads of the blades tend to gradually increase, this problem has seriously affected the wind turbine life.
This paper divided the independent variable pitch control of wind turbine into two parts. One is collective variable pitch control; the other is amended variable pitch control. The collective variable pitch controller using the nonlinear PID controller can smooth the output power of wind turbine. The amended variable pitch controller using state feedback controller and the pole placement method can reduce the loads on the wind blade. The amended pitch plus the collective pitch is the independent pitch. Through the simulation of the wind turbine under the step and the random wind, it follows that the independent variable pitch control of wind power generation system can reduce the loads of blade and extend service life of wind turbine, on condition that the output power is kept stable.
The state feedback control has a good regulating effect in the vicinity of a wind turbine stable point, but if the system is required relatively high of dynamic performance, it is difficult for the independent variable pitch control based on the state feedback to achieve the design intention. This paper also injected the DAC (Disturbance Accommodating Control) to design the amended variable pitch controller. Through the simulation of the wind turbine under the step and the random wind, it can be seen that the independent variable pitch control based on the DAC in weakening the impact the wind fluctuation with the change of height on the output power of wind turbine and the blade flap deflections is better than which based on state feedback control.
本文将风力机的独立变桨距控制分成两部分设计:一是集中变桨距控制部分;一是修正变桨距控制部分。利用非线性PID控制设计集中变桨距控制器,使风力发电机组的输出功率稳定在额定值附近;利用状态反馈控制,通过极点配置方法设计修正变桨距控制器,减小风力机各叶片上的载荷。将各叶片的修正桨距角与集中桨距角之和作为对应叶片的独立桨距角输入风力机,实现了对风力机各叶片的独立变桨距控制。分别在阶跃风速和随机风速下对风力发电机组进行数字仿真研究,结果表明独立变桨距控制能够降低风力机叶片的载荷,延长风力机使用寿命,并且具有更好的动态性能和静态误差。
状态反馈在风力发电机组的稳定点附近具有良好的调节作用,但如果对系统的动态特性要求相对较高时,基于状态反馈的独立变桨距控制器就难以达到设计目的。本文引入基于扰动调节控制(Disturbance Accommodating Control简称DAC)的修正变桨距控制,利用DAC得到风力机各叶片的修正桨距角。在阶跃风速和随机风速下对风力发电机组进行数字仿真研究,结果表明基于DAC在抵消风速随高度变化的波动对风力发电机组的影响上优于基于状态反馈控制。
At present, variable pitch control wind turbine is widespread in the market. This wind turbine uses the wind speed on the axis of the blade as the reference wind speed for wind blade synchronous control. In fact, because of the existing of ground friction, the wind speed is changing with the height and the wind speed in the surface of revolution of the wind blades. With the increasing of the wind turbine capacity, the difference of the blade wind speed with different spin high degree is gradually increasing, making the loads of the blades tend to gradually increase, this problem has seriously affected the wind turbine life.
This paper divided the independent variable pitch control of wind turbine into two parts. One is collective variable pitch control; the other is amended variable pitch control. The collective variable pitch controller using the nonlinear PID controller can smooth the output power of wind turbine. The amended variable pitch controller using state feedback controller and the pole placement method can reduce the loads on the wind blade. The amended pitch plus the collective pitch is the independent pitch. Through the simulation of the wind turbine under the step and the random wind, it follows that the independent variable pitch control of wind power generation system can reduce the loads of blade and extend service life of wind turbine, on condition that the output power is kept stable.
The state feedback control has a good regulating effect in the vicinity of a wind turbine stable point, but if the system is required relatively high of dynamic performance, it is difficult for the independent variable pitch control based on the state feedback to achieve the design intention. This paper also injected the DAC (Disturbance Accommodating Control) to design the amended variable pitch controller. Through the simulation of the wind turbine under the step and the random wind, it can be seen that the independent variable pitch control based on the DAC in weakening the impact the wind fluctuation with the change of height on the output power of wind turbine and the blade flap deflections is better than which based on state feedback control.
引文
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