双加权POD法在大跨度复杂体型空间网架结构风荷载识别中的应用
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摘要
如何确定有效的风荷载识别方法是风荷载理论研究的基础。本征正交分解法可以用来识别规则的大跨度空间结构的风荷载。针对风洞试验测点布置的不均匀性,采用加权的POD法可以解决识别过程中测点的影响因素。但是当结构的体型比较复杂时,该方法不仅受测点布置的影响,同时也受结构自身复杂体型的影响。正是考虑了测点和复杂体型两个影响因素,本文提出了双加权的POD识别法,运用双加权POD法识别,为了平衡两个影响因素,采取了对两个权重都做规格化处理的方式。
本文首先介绍了风荷载识别的POD方法,在此基础上详细阐述了加权POD法和双加权的POD法的基本原理；双加权POD法不仅采用了测点面积作为权重,而且考虑到当结构较为复杂时,作用在结构上风荷载湍流的影响,以脉动风荷载的自方差也作为权重,从而建立了双加权的POD法来识别风荷载。
然后,将双加权POD方法用于深圳市民中心大跨度网架结构脉动风荷载识别中。以该结构的风洞试验风荷载数据为识别对象,运用该方法只需要保留少数阶的荷载模态就可以对测点原始脉动风荷载进行精确的识别,并与加权POD法进行了比较,说明本文提出的方法不仅识别的效率高,而且精度也高。
最后,对脉动风荷载的频率特性进行了识别,通过原始和识别出的脉动风荷载自功率谱的分析比较中,说明了双加权POD方法可以很好的用来识别风荷载。
How to determine the effective wind load identification is the basis for wind load theory. Proper orthogonal decomposition method can be used to identify wind loads on the rules of long-span space structure. The layout of the pressure tap is uneven, using weighted POD method can solve the Influence on the uneven-pressure tap. But when the structure is complex shape, the method not only Influence on the uneven-pressure tap, but also Influence on the complex shape. It is considered the uneven-pressure tap and complex shape, this article proposes a double-weighted POD method, using the double-weighted POD method, in order to balance the two influences, turn the two weighted into normalized.
This paper introduced the wind load identification methods of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique, on this basis, dentally introduced the weighted POD method and double-weighted POD method. Double-weighted POD method not only use the area of the pressure tap as the weight, but also take into account the wind turbulence effects the structure when the structure is complex shape, so use the variance of the wind load as the weight, thus establishing a double-weighted POD method to identify wind loads.
Then, using the double-weighted POD method to identification the part of pulsation wind load on the long-span roof structure of space of the Shenzhen Citizen Center. To the wind tunnel test data of the structure is the objects to identify wind loads, for this method only keep a small number of modes of order load can accurately identify the original wind loads. And comparison with the weighted POD method, shows that the double-weighted POD method not only have a high efficiency but also have a high accuracy.
Last, identify the frequency of pulsation wind loads. Comparisons the pulse of the wind load through identify the pulsation wind loads and original wind loads. Once again illustrates the double-weighted POD method can be effective used to good identification of wind loads.
本文首先介绍了风荷载识别的POD方法,在此基础上详细阐述了加权POD法和双加权的POD法的基本原理；双加权POD法不仅采用了测点面积作为权重,而且考虑到当结构较为复杂时,作用在结构上风荷载湍流的影响,以脉动风荷载的自方差也作为权重,从而建立了双加权的POD法来识别风荷载。
然后,将双加权POD方法用于深圳市民中心大跨度网架结构脉动风荷载识别中。以该结构的风洞试验风荷载数据为识别对象,运用该方法只需要保留少数阶的荷载模态就可以对测点原始脉动风荷载进行精确的识别,并与加权POD法进行了比较,说明本文提出的方法不仅识别的效率高,而且精度也高。
最后,对脉动风荷载的频率特性进行了识别,通过原始和识别出的脉动风荷载自功率谱的分析比较中,说明了双加权POD方法可以很好的用来识别风荷载。
How to determine the effective wind load identification is the basis for wind load theory. Proper orthogonal decomposition method can be used to identify wind loads on the rules of long-span space structure. The layout of the pressure tap is uneven, using weighted POD method can solve the Influence on the uneven-pressure tap. But when the structure is complex shape, the method not only Influence on the uneven-pressure tap, but also Influence on the complex shape. It is considered the uneven-pressure tap and complex shape, this article proposes a double-weighted POD method, using the double-weighted POD method, in order to balance the two influences, turn the two weighted into normalized.
This paper introduced the wind load identification methods of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique, on this basis, dentally introduced the weighted POD method and double-weighted POD method. Double-weighted POD method not only use the area of the pressure tap as the weight, but also take into account the wind turbulence effects the structure when the structure is complex shape, so use the variance of the wind load as the weight, thus establishing a double-weighted POD method to identify wind loads.
Then, using the double-weighted POD method to identification the part of pulsation wind load on the long-span roof structure of space of the Shenzhen Citizen Center. To the wind tunnel test data of the structure is the objects to identify wind loads, for this method only keep a small number of modes of order load can accurately identify the original wind loads. And comparison with the weighted POD method, shows that the double-weighted POD method not only have a high efficiency but also have a high accuracy.
Last, identify the frequency of pulsation wind loads. Comparisons the pulse of the wind load through identify the pulsation wind loads and original wind loads. Once again illustrates the double-weighted POD method can be effective used to good identification of wind loads.
引文
[1]夏法宝,武汉国际证券大厦风洞试验研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004
[2]A.G. DavenPort. How can we simplify and generalize wind loads. Journal of Wind[J].Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1995,54:657-669.
[3]Z.S. Makowski. Space structure-a review of development in last decade[J]. Space Structure IV.London,1993:3-5.
[4]Cook N.J[J]. The designer's guide to wind loading of building structures.1985:Ⅰ1-19.
[5]A. Kareem, T. Kijewski.7th U.S. national Conference Wind Engineering:A summary of papers[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1996,62:81-129
[6]孙炳楠,傅国宏,陈鸣,唐锦春.9417号台风对温州民房破坏的调杳[J].第七届全国结构风效应会议论文集.1996：51-129.
[7]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报.199710(3)：258-263.
[8]贺德馨.我国风工程研究现状与展望[J].力学与实践.2002,24(4)：10-19.
[9]楼文娟,李本悦,陆峰.大跨度屋面风压分布拟合公式及风荷载取值[J].同济大学学报.2002.30(S)：588-593
[10]瞿伟廉,腾军,项海帆,钟珞,刘晖[J].建筑结构学报,2006，27(1)：59-68
[11]Seung-Hwan Jeong, Bogusz Bienkiewicz,,Hee-Jung Ham. Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps[J].Journal of Wind Engineerin and Industrial Aerodynamics.2000,87:1-14
[12]Yasushi Uematsu, Osamu Kuribara_,Motohiko Yamada et al. Wind-induced dynami behavior and its load estimation of a single-layer latticed dome with a long span[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2001.89:1671-1687
[13]Tamura, S. Suganuma. Proper orthogonal decomposition of random wind pressure field[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures.1999,13:1069-1095
[14]Azeez M F, Vakakis A F. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of a class of vibroimpact cscilations[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2001,240(4):859-889
[15]Y.C.LIANG, PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION AND ITS APPLICATIONS-PART Ⅰ:THEORY [J], Journal of Sound and Vibration (2002) 252(3), 527-544
[16]Loeve M. Probability Theory,4th Edition, Chapter Ⅺ:Second Order Properties,37.5 Orthogonal decompositions[J], Springer-Verlag New York Inc.1978.
[17]Best R J, Holmes J D, Use of eigenvalues in the covariance integration method for determination of wind load effects Journal of Sound and Vibration (1983) 13,359-370
[18]B.Bienkiewiczb, Y. Tamura, Proper orthogonal decomposition and reconstruction of multi-channel roof pressure Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995)54-55,369-381
[19]J.D.Holmes, R. Sankaran, Eigenvector modes of fluctuating pressures on low-rise building model, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997) 69-71,697-707
[20]Seung-Hwan Jeonga, Bogusz Bienkiewiczb, Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (2000) 87,1-14
[21]陶青秋,本征正交分解(POD)方法在建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头大学硕士论文,2002
[22]谢壮宁,石碧青,汕头粤东信息大厦风荷载特性的试验研究[J].汕头大学学报(自然科学版)2001,16(1),15-23
[23]顾明,黄鹏,群体高层建筑风荷载干扰的研究现状及展望[J]同济大学学报2003.31(7),762-766
[24]李本悦,楼文娟,邓华.大跨度屋面风压分布的插值计算方法[J].空间结构.2003.9(4)：17-21
[25]陆飞,李爱群,程文襄,陈忠范.脉动风荷载模拟中几点问题的探讨[J].特种结构.2002.19(3)：18-20
[26]刘锡良,周颖.风荷载的集中模拟方法[J].工业建筑.2005.35(5)：81-84
[27]王之宏.风荷载的模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报.1994.15(1)：44-52
[28]王修琼,张相庭.混合回归模型及其在高层建筑风响应时域分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击.2000,1：311
[29]滕军.结构振动控制系统优化理论与方法[D].博士学位论文.哈尔滨建筑工程学院,1992
[30]董军,邓洪洲,刘学利.高层建筑脉动风荷载时程模拟的AR模型方法[J].南京建筑工程学院学报.2000,2：2025
[31]程志军,楼文娟,屋面风荷载及其风致破坏机理[J].建筑结构学报2000，21(4),3947
[32]张相庭,工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M]同济大学出版社,1990
[33]刘晖,瞿伟廉,王雪亮,王锦文识别不均匀测点的风荷载的本征模态分解法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006，28(1)：59-61
[33]李本悦,楼文娟,邓华.大跨度屋面风压分布的插值计算方法[J].空间结构.2003.9(4)：17-21
[34]鄢长伟,大跨度结构健康监测中脉动风压时程识别[D].哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文,2006
[35]王锦文,深圳市民中心屋顶网架结构的有限元模型修正及模态参数识别[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2004
[36]李方彗,倪振华,谢壮宁,POD方法在重建双坡屋盖风压场中的应用[J]工程力学,2005，22：177-182
[37]胡继军,李春祥,黄金枝,网壳风振响应主要贡献模态的识别及其模态相关性影响分析[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(1)：22-25
[38]王之宏,风荷载的模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报,1994,15(1)：44-52
[39]黄本才,结构抗风分析原理及其应用[J].同济大学,2001
[40]Carassale L. POD-based filters for the representation of random loads on structures[J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2005,20(3):263-280
[41]Kammer D C. Sensor placement for on-orbit modal identification and correlation of large space structures[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics,1991, 14(2): 251-259
[42]陈贤川,赵阳,董石麟,大跨空间网格结构风振响应主要贡献模态的识别及选取[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(1)：9-15
[43]高西全,数字信号处理原理、实现及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006,第一版：124-125
[44]黄治宇,刘保华,陈高平,随机信号的功率谱估计及Matlab实现[D].现代电子技术,2002,第一版：21-23
[45]武岳,段忠东,林志兴,我国建筑风洞建设的现状与思考[J].工业建筑,2007,37(7)：73-77
[46]贾彬,王汝恒,风洞试验在我国建筑工程中的应用简介[J].四川建筑科学研究,2006,3(3)：39-41
[47]陆锋,楼文娟,孙炳楠,大跨度平屋面结构风洞试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,12：87-94
[48]吴太成,强士中,陈东红,复杂大跨屋面脉动风压风洞试验研究[J].空气动力学学报,2004,978-84
[2]A.G. DavenPort. How can we simplify and generalize wind loads. Journal of Wind[J].Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1995,54:657-669.
[3]Z.S. Makowski. Space structure-a review of development in last decade[J]. Space Structure IV.London,1993:3-5.
[4]Cook N.J[J]. The designer's guide to wind loading of building structures.1985:Ⅰ1-19.
[5]A. Kareem, T. Kijewski.7th U.S. national Conference Wind Engineering:A summary of papers[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1996,62:81-129
[6]孙炳楠,傅国宏,陈鸣,唐锦春.9417号台风对温州民房破坏的调杳[J].第七届全国结构风效应会议论文集.1996：51-129.
[7]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报.199710(3)：258-263.
[8]贺德馨.我国风工程研究现状与展望[J].力学与实践.2002,24(4)：10-19.
[9]楼文娟,李本悦,陆峰.大跨度屋面风压分布拟合公式及风荷载取值[J].同济大学学报.2002.30(S)：588-593
[10]瞿伟廉,腾军,项海帆,钟珞,刘晖[J].建筑结构学报,2006，27(1)：59-68
[11]Seung-Hwan Jeong, Bogusz Bienkiewicz,,Hee-Jung Ham. Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps[J].Journal of Wind Engineerin and Industrial Aerodynamics.2000,87:1-14
[12]Yasushi Uematsu, Osamu Kuribara_,Motohiko Yamada et al. Wind-induced dynami behavior and its load estimation of a single-layer latticed dome with a long span[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2001.89:1671-1687
[13]Tamura, S. Suganuma. Proper orthogonal decomposition of random wind pressure field[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures.1999,13:1069-1095
[14]Azeez M F, Vakakis A F. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of a class of vibroimpact cscilations[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2001,240(4):859-889
[15]Y.C.LIANG, PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION AND ITS APPLICATIONS-PART Ⅰ:THEORY [J], Journal of Sound and Vibration (2002) 252(3), 527-544
[16]Loeve M. Probability Theory,4th Edition, Chapter Ⅺ:Second Order Properties,37.5 Orthogonal decompositions[J], Springer-Verlag New York Inc.1978.
[17]Best R J, Holmes J D, Use of eigenvalues in the covariance integration method for determination of wind load effects Journal of Sound and Vibration (1983) 13,359-370
[18]B.Bienkiewiczb, Y. Tamura, Proper orthogonal decomposition and reconstruction of multi-channel roof pressure Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995)54-55,369-381
[19]J.D.Holmes, R. Sankaran, Eigenvector modes of fluctuating pressures on low-rise building model, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997) 69-71,697-707
[20]Seung-Hwan Jeonga, Bogusz Bienkiewiczb, Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (2000) 87,1-14
[21]陶青秋,本征正交分解(POD)方法在建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头大学硕士论文,2002
[22]谢壮宁,石碧青,汕头粤东信息大厦风荷载特性的试验研究[J].汕头大学学报(自然科学版)2001,16(1),15-23
[23]顾明,黄鹏,群体高层建筑风荷载干扰的研究现状及展望[J]同济大学学报2003.31(7),762-766
[24]李本悦,楼文娟,邓华.大跨度屋面风压分布的插值计算方法[J].空间结构.2003.9(4)：17-21
[25]陆飞,李爱群,程文襄,陈忠范.脉动风荷载模拟中几点问题的探讨[J].特种结构.2002.19(3)：18-20
[26]刘锡良,周颖.风荷载的集中模拟方法[J].工业建筑.2005.35(5)：81-84
[27]王之宏.风荷载的模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报.1994.15(1)：44-52
[28]王修琼,张相庭.混合回归模型及其在高层建筑风响应时域分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击.2000,1：311
[29]滕军.结构振动控制系统优化理论与方法[D].博士学位论文.哈尔滨建筑工程学院,1992
[30]董军,邓洪洲,刘学利.高层建筑脉动风荷载时程模拟的AR模型方法[J].南京建筑工程学院学报.2000,2：2025
[31]程志军,楼文娟,屋面风荷载及其风致破坏机理[J].建筑结构学报2000，21(4),3947
[32]张相庭,工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M]同济大学出版社,1990
[33]刘晖,瞿伟廉,王雪亮,王锦文识别不均匀测点的风荷载的本征模态分解法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006，28(1)：59-61
[33]李本悦,楼文娟,邓华.大跨度屋面风压分布的插值计算方法[J].空间结构.2003.9(4)：17-21
[34]鄢长伟,大跨度结构健康监测中脉动风压时程识别[D].哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文,2006
[35]王锦文,深圳市民中心屋顶网架结构的有限元模型修正及模态参数识别[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2004
[36]李方彗,倪振华,谢壮宁,POD方法在重建双坡屋盖风压场中的应用[J]工程力学,2005，22：177-182
[37]胡继军,李春祥,黄金枝,网壳风振响应主要贡献模态的识别及其模态相关性影响分析[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(1)：22-25
[38]王之宏,风荷载的模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报,1994,15(1)：44-52
[39]黄本才,结构抗风分析原理及其应用[J].同济大学,2001
[40]Carassale L. POD-based filters for the representation of random loads on structures[J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2005,20(3):263-280
[41]Kammer D C. Sensor placement for on-orbit modal identification and correlation of large space structures[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics,1991, 14(2): 251-259
[42]陈贤川,赵阳,董石麟,大跨空间网格结构风振响应主要贡献模态的识别及选取[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(1)：9-15
[43]高西全,数字信号处理原理、实现及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006,第一版：124-125
[44]黄治宇,刘保华,陈高平,随机信号的功率谱估计及Matlab实现[D].现代电子技术,2002,第一版：21-23
[45]武岳,段忠东,林志兴,我国建筑风洞建设的现状与思考[J].工业建筑,2007,37(7)：73-77
[46]贾彬,王汝恒,风洞试验在我国建筑工程中的应用简介[J].四川建筑科学研究,2006,3(3)：39-41
[47]陆锋,楼文娟,孙炳楠,大跨度平屋面结构风洞试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,12：87-94
[48]吴太成,强士中,陈东红,复杂大跨屋面脉动风压风洞试验研究[J].空气动力学学报,2004,978-84