复合式全桥三电平直流变换器的研究
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摘要
电力电子开关器件的高频化成为现代电力电子的发展趋势,同时,软开关技术是电力电子装置向高频化、高功率密度化发展的关键技术,成为现代电力电子技术研究的热点之一。
三电平直流变换器可以降低开关管的电压应力,利用开关管的寄生电容与变压器的漏感可以在较宽的负载范围内实现ZVS,减少输出滤波器的容量和体积,有效的提高变换器的效率,因此三电平直流变换器一提出就得到全世界电源专家和学者的重视。短短十几年内,相继出现了半桥、全桥、复合式全桥三电平直流变换器,同时也伴随着多种控制方式的出现。
本文首先给出了基本复合式全桥三电平直流变换器,详细分析了其工作原理,讨论了开关管实现ZVS的条件,占空比的丢失,以及输出滤波电感的参数设计等特性,然后通过Saber软件下的建模仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,同时由于谐振电感和输出整流二极管上的结电容产生振荡,使整流二极管上产生尖峰电压。针对以上问题,接着研究了复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器,文中详细讨论了该变换器的工作原理,论述了变换器的能量传输、工作频率等特性。
最后,针对上述两种电路,分别设计了一台600W的实验样机,来验证理论分析的正确性,给出了实验结果,对两种电路进行比较,说明了LLC谐振变换器可以在全负载范围内实现ZVS,并且次级整流二极管实现了零电流开关,其电压应力为输出电压的两倍。
High-frequency of power electronic switching devices has become trend of modern power electronics development. Meanwhile, Soft-switch is the key technology in high frequency and high power density development, as a hotspot of modern power electronics research.
Three-Level DC-DC converter can reduce switch voltage stress. Switch to the use of parasitic capacitance and leakage transformers can be in a wide range of load within ZVS, reduce output filter size and the capacity and effectively improve converter efficiency .So three-level DC-DC converter has been thought much of in the world's experts and academics seriously. Just a dozen or so years, many topologies were put forward include half-bridge, full-bridge, hybrid full-bridge three-level DC-DC converters. It’s also accompanied by a variety of modes of control there.
In this paper, we firstly presents a basic three Hybrid full-bridge Three-Level DC-DC converter, a detailed analysis of its working principle. And the switch how to achieve ZVS, the loss of duty cycle and output filter inductance parameter design characteristics, are discussed. Then through the software modeling and simulation of Saber, we can verify that the theoretical analysis is correct. But, the oscillation of the resonant inductor and output rectifier diode junction capacitance, so as to make rectifier diodes produce peak voltage. To solve the above problem, and then we study a Hybrid full-Bridge three-level LLC resonant converter, which working principle, the energy transmission and the frequency characteristics are all been discussed.
Finally, in view of the above two circuits, we respectively design a 600W experimental prototype to verify the validity of theoretical analysis. Experimental results are given for both circuits, noting the LLC resonant converter in the whole load can be achieved within the ZVS, and rectifier diode sub-zero current switching, the voltage stress of the output voltage twice.
三电平直流变换器可以降低开关管的电压应力,利用开关管的寄生电容与变压器的漏感可以在较宽的负载范围内实现ZVS,减少输出滤波器的容量和体积,有效的提高变换器的效率,因此三电平直流变换器一提出就得到全世界电源专家和学者的重视。短短十几年内,相继出现了半桥、全桥、复合式全桥三电平直流变换器,同时也伴随着多种控制方式的出现。
本文首先给出了基本复合式全桥三电平直流变换器,详细分析了其工作原理,讨论了开关管实现ZVS的条件,占空比的丢失,以及输出滤波电感的参数设计等特性,然后通过Saber软件下的建模仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,同时由于谐振电感和输出整流二极管上的结电容产生振荡,使整流二极管上产生尖峰电压。针对以上问题,接着研究了复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器,文中详细讨论了该变换器的工作原理,论述了变换器的能量传输、工作频率等特性。
最后,针对上述两种电路,分别设计了一台600W的实验样机,来验证理论分析的正确性,给出了实验结果,对两种电路进行比较,说明了LLC谐振变换器可以在全负载范围内实现ZVS,并且次级整流二极管实现了零电流开关,其电压应力为输出电压的两倍。
High-frequency of power electronic switching devices has become trend of modern power electronics development. Meanwhile, Soft-switch is the key technology in high frequency and high power density development, as a hotspot of modern power electronics research.
Three-Level DC-DC converter can reduce switch voltage stress. Switch to the use of parasitic capacitance and leakage transformers can be in a wide range of load within ZVS, reduce output filter size and the capacity and effectively improve converter efficiency .So three-level DC-DC converter has been thought much of in the world's experts and academics seriously. Just a dozen or so years, many topologies were put forward include half-bridge, full-bridge, hybrid full-bridge three-level DC-DC converters. It’s also accompanied by a variety of modes of control there.
In this paper, we firstly presents a basic three Hybrid full-bridge Three-Level DC-DC converter, a detailed analysis of its working principle. And the switch how to achieve ZVS, the loss of duty cycle and output filter inductance parameter design characteristics, are discussed. Then through the software modeling and simulation of Saber, we can verify that the theoretical analysis is correct. But, the oscillation of the resonant inductor and output rectifier diode junction capacitance, so as to make rectifier diodes produce peak voltage. To solve the above problem, and then we study a Hybrid full-Bridge three-level LLC resonant converter, which working principle, the energy transmission and the frequency characteristics are all been discussed.
Finally, in view of the above two circuits, we respectively design a 600W experimental prototype to verify the validity of theoretical analysis. Experimental results are given for both circuits, noting the LLC resonant converter in the whole load can be achieved within the ZVS, and rectifier diode sub-zero current switching, the voltage stress of the output voltage twice.
引文
[1]陈坚.电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002. 1.
[2]黄俊、王兆安.电力电子变流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.12.
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[4] Pinheiro R J,Barbi I.The three-level zvs pwm converter–A new concept in high-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].in Proc.IEEE IECON,San Diego,California,America,1992.173～178.
[5] Pinheiro J R, Barbi I. The three-level zvs pwm conwerter-A new cincept in high-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].IEEE IECON.1992:173～178.
[6]马运东.直流变换器的三电平拓扑及其控制.南京航空航天大学博士论文.2004.
[7] Xinbo Ruan, Linquan Zhou, and Yangguang Yan.Soft-switching PWM three-level converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, No. 5, September 2001, pp.612～622.
[8]阮新波,李斌.零电压零电流开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):9~14.
[9]陈志英,阮新波.零电压开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):24～29.
[10]陈武,阮新波.加箝位二极管的零电压开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(20):21～25.
[11] Ruan Xinbo,Wang Jiangang,Chen Qianhong.An improved current-doubler-rectifier zvs pwm full-bridge converter[C] .in Proc.IEEE PESC.Vancouver,Canada,2001.
[12]李斌,阮新波,李金钟,倍流整流方式ZVS PWM三电平直流变器[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):79～83.
[13] Xinbo Ruan, Bin Li, and Jinzhong Li.Zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with current-doubler-rectifier. IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 981～987.
[14]陈武,阮新波.可全负载范围实现ZVS的复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].2006,19(26):53～59.
[15]金科,阮新波.零电压开关多谐振三电平直流变换器的控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004.24(12):29-33.
[16]马运东,阮新波,周林泉,等.全桥三电平直流变换器的最佳开关方式[J].中国电机工程学报,2003. 23(12):111～116.
[17] Zhang Z, Ruan X. Zero-voltage-switching PWM full-bridge three-level converterlC]. Proceedings of the 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC),Xi'an,China, 2004. 1085～1090.
[18] Balogh L.The Performance of the Current Doubler Rectifier with Synchronous Rectification [A]. In Proceedings High Frequency Conversion (HFPC) Conference [C]. 1995.
[19]李斌.三电平直流变换器的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2000.
[20] Pinheiro R J,Barbi I.Wide load range three-level zvs-pwm dc-to-dc converter[C]. in Proc.IEEE PESC, Seattle,Washington,America,1993.171～177.
[21] Eun-Soo Kim, Young-Bok Byun, Yoon-Ho Kim, and Young-Gun Hong, .A three level ZVZCS phase-shifted DC/DC converter using a tapped inductor and a snubber capacitor.IEEE APEC, 2001, pp. 980～985.
[22] Jose Renes Pinheiro and Ivo Barbi.The three-level ZVS PWM DC-to-DC conver- ter.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp. 486～492.
[23] Eduardo Deschamps and Ivo Barbi.A new DC-to-DC ZVS PWM converter for high input voltage applications.IEEE PESC, 1998, pp. 967～972.
[24]张之梁,阮新波.全桥三电平变换器的一种新型控制策略.中国电机工程学报,2005.25(19):19～24.
[25]阮新波,许大宇,严仰光.移相控制零电压开关三电平变换器.电工技术学报. 2001 16(6):36～39.
[26] Xinbo Ruan,Bin Li and Qianhong Chen,Three-level converters-A new approach for high voltage and high power dc-to-dc conversion, in Pro.IEEE PESC'02,vol.2, 2002,pp.663～668.
[27] Francisco Canales, Peter M. Barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, and Fred C. Lee.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter.Proceedings of CPES, 2000, pp. 366～371.
[28] Peter Mantovanelli Barbosa, Three-Phase Power Factor correction Circuits for Low-Cost Distributed Power Systems, PH.D.Dissertation, Virginia, July.2002.
[29] Jose Renes Pinheiro and Ivo Barbi.Wide load range three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter.IEEE PESC, 1993, pp. 171～177.
[30]李小兵.ZVS三电平DC-DC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2004.
[31]李剑. ZVS全桥三电平DC-DC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2005.
[32]陈志英.ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 2000.
[33] S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa,and F.C.Lee.A primary-side-assisted zero- voltage and zero-current switching three-level DC-DC converter with phase-shift control.IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 641～647.
[34]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[35]宫力.LLC串联谐振全桥DCDC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2004.
[36] Peter Barbosa, Francisco Canales, and Fred C. Lee.A front-end distributed power system for high-power applications.IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2000, pp. 2546～2551.
[37] Francisco Canales, Peter M. Barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, and Fred C. Lee.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter.Proceedings of CPES, 2000, pp. 366～371.
[38]李斌,阮新波,李金钟.倍流整流方式ZVS PWM三电平直流变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.2002,9(22):79～83.
[39]阮新波,许大宇,严仰光.加箝位二极管的零电压开关PWM三电平直流变换器[J].电工技术学报, 2001,16(6):18～24.
[40]李剑,李晓帆等.带有箝位二极管的ZVS全桥三电平DC/DC变换器的研究.通信电源技术.2006,(4):18～21.
[41]黄贵松,顾亦磊,章进法.台达电力电子研发中心.LLC串联谐振直流-直流变换器,电源技术学报,2002,1:61～66.
[42]顾亦磊,吕征宇,钱照明.一种新颖的三电平软开关谐振型DC-DC变换器.中国电机工程学报.2004,24(8):24～28.
[43] Francisco Canales, Peter Barbosa, Fred C. Lee. A Wide Input Voltage and Load Output Variations Fixed-Frequency ZVS DC/DC LLC Resonant Converter forHigh-Power Applications.In: Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS Annual Meeting, 2002 Vol.4. 2306～2313.
[44] Bo Yang, Lee,F.C., Zhang, A.J., Guisong Huang.LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion.Applied Power Elecronics Conference and Exposition, 2002.Seventeenth Annual IEEE Volume 2, 10-14 .Page(s):1108～1112.
[45] Yilei Gu, Zhengyu Lu, Lijun Hang et al. Three-Level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20 (4): 781～789.
[46] James F. Lazar,Robert Martinelli. Steady analysis of LLC Series Resonant Converter. In: Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposion,2001. APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE, 2001. 728～735.
[47]电子变压器专业委员会.电子变压器手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1998,1.
[48]赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.
[49]陆治国.电源的计算机仿真技术.北京:科学出版社,2001,4.
[50]陈建业.电力电子电路的计算机仿真.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,10.
[51]王英剑,常敏慧,何希才.新型开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[2]黄俊、王兆安.电力电子变流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.12.
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[4] Pinheiro R J,Barbi I.The three-level zvs pwm converter–A new concept in high-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].in Proc.IEEE IECON,San Diego,California,America,1992.173～178.
[5] Pinheiro J R, Barbi I. The three-level zvs pwm conwerter-A new cincept in high-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].IEEE IECON.1992:173～178.
[6]马运东.直流变换器的三电平拓扑及其控制.南京航空航天大学博士论文.2004.
[7] Xinbo Ruan, Linquan Zhou, and Yangguang Yan.Soft-switching PWM three-level converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, No. 5, September 2001, pp.612～622.
[8]阮新波,李斌.零电压零电流开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):9~14.
[9]陈志英,阮新波.零电压开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):24～29.
[10]陈武,阮新波.加箝位二极管的零电压开关PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(20):21～25.
[11] Ruan Xinbo,Wang Jiangang,Chen Qianhong.An improved current-doubler-rectifier zvs pwm full-bridge converter[C] .in Proc.IEEE PESC.Vancouver,Canada,2001.
[12]李斌,阮新波,李金钟,倍流整流方式ZVS PWM三电平直流变器[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):79～83.
[13] Xinbo Ruan, Bin Li, and Jinzhong Li.Zero-voltage-switching PWM three-level converter with current-doubler-rectifier. IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 981～987.
[14]陈武,阮新波.可全负载范围实现ZVS的复合式全桥三电平变换器[J].2006,19(26):53～59.
[15]金科,阮新波.零电压开关多谐振三电平直流变换器的控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004.24(12):29-33.
[16]马运东,阮新波,周林泉,等.全桥三电平直流变换器的最佳开关方式[J].中国电机工程学报,2003. 23(12):111～116.
[17] Zhang Z, Ruan X. Zero-voltage-switching PWM full-bridge three-level converterlC]. Proceedings of the 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC),Xi'an,China, 2004. 1085～1090.
[18] Balogh L.The Performance of the Current Doubler Rectifier with Synchronous Rectification [A]. In Proceedings High Frequency Conversion (HFPC) Conference [C]. 1995.
[19]李斌.三电平直流变换器的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2000.
[20] Pinheiro R J,Barbi I.Wide load range three-level zvs-pwm dc-to-dc converter[C]. in Proc.IEEE PESC, Seattle,Washington,America,1993.171～177.
[21] Eun-Soo Kim, Young-Bok Byun, Yoon-Ho Kim, and Young-Gun Hong, .A three level ZVZCS phase-shifted DC/DC converter using a tapped inductor and a snubber capacitor.IEEE APEC, 2001, pp. 980～985.
[22] Jose Renes Pinheiro and Ivo Barbi.The three-level ZVS PWM DC-to-DC conver- ter.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp. 486～492.
[23] Eduardo Deschamps and Ivo Barbi.A new DC-to-DC ZVS PWM converter for high input voltage applications.IEEE PESC, 1998, pp. 967～972.
[24]张之梁,阮新波.全桥三电平变换器的一种新型控制策略.中国电机工程学报,2005.25(19):19～24.
[25]阮新波,许大宇,严仰光.移相控制零电压开关三电平变换器.电工技术学报. 2001 16(6):36～39.
[26] Xinbo Ruan,Bin Li and Qianhong Chen,Three-level converters-A new approach for high voltage and high power dc-to-dc conversion, in Pro.IEEE PESC'02,vol.2, 2002,pp.663～668.
[27] Francisco Canales, Peter M. Barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, and Fred C. Lee.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter.Proceedings of CPES, 2000, pp. 366～371.
[28] Peter Mantovanelli Barbosa, Three-Phase Power Factor correction Circuits for Low-Cost Distributed Power Systems, PH.D.Dissertation, Virginia, July.2002.
[29] Jose Renes Pinheiro and Ivo Barbi.Wide load range three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter.IEEE PESC, 1993, pp. 171～177.
[30]李小兵.ZVS三电平DC-DC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2004.
[31]李剑. ZVS全桥三电平DC-DC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2005.
[32]陈志英.ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 2000.
[33] S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa,and F.C.Lee.A primary-side-assisted zero- voltage and zero-current switching three-level DC-DC converter with phase-shift control.IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 641～647.
[34]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[35]宫力.LLC串联谐振全桥DCDC变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.华中科技大学图书馆,2004.
[36] Peter Barbosa, Francisco Canales, and Fred C. Lee.A front-end distributed power system for high-power applications.IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2000, pp. 2546～2551.
[37] Francisco Canales, Peter M. Barbosa, Jose M. Burdio, and Fred C. Lee.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter.Proceedings of CPES, 2000, pp. 366～371.
[38]李斌,阮新波,李金钟.倍流整流方式ZVS PWM三电平直流变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.2002,9(22):79～83.
[39]阮新波,许大宇,严仰光.加箝位二极管的零电压开关PWM三电平直流变换器[J].电工技术学报, 2001,16(6):18～24.
[40]李剑,李晓帆等.带有箝位二极管的ZVS全桥三电平DC/DC变换器的研究.通信电源技术.2006,(4):18～21.
[41]黄贵松,顾亦磊,章进法.台达电力电子研发中心.LLC串联谐振直流-直流变换器,电源技术学报,2002,1:61～66.
[42]顾亦磊,吕征宇,钱照明.一种新颖的三电平软开关谐振型DC-DC变换器.中国电机工程学报.2004,24(8):24～28.
[43] Francisco Canales, Peter Barbosa, Fred C. Lee. A Wide Input Voltage and Load Output Variations Fixed-Frequency ZVS DC/DC LLC Resonant Converter forHigh-Power Applications.In: Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS Annual Meeting, 2002 Vol.4. 2306～2313.
[44] Bo Yang, Lee,F.C., Zhang, A.J., Guisong Huang.LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion.Applied Power Elecronics Conference and Exposition, 2002.Seventeenth Annual IEEE Volume 2, 10-14 .Page(s):1108～1112.
[45] Yilei Gu, Zhengyu Lu, Lijun Hang et al. Three-Level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20 (4): 781～789.
[46] James F. Lazar,Robert Martinelli. Steady analysis of LLC Series Resonant Converter. In: Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposion,2001. APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE, 2001. 728～735.
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