基于DSP的高频通信电源的研究
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摘要
通信电源通常称为通信设备的“中枢”,在通信站中具有无法比拟的重要地位。随着通信事业的飞速发展、通信设备的不断更新,现代通信技术对通信电源的要求也是越来越高。高效率、高频化、模块化、数字化将是未来通信电源的发展方向。本文针对传统模拟控制通信开关电源的瓶颈,提出采用基于DSP全数字控制的高频化和高效率的新型通信开关电源的研究,以期在实际应用中得到性能更稳定,体积更小,效率更高的通信直流电源。
本论文首先通过对高频开关电源的工作原理以及主电路拓扑结构进行分析,并结合对开关电源的输入输出的EMI问题的探讨,重点分析了开关电源功率因数校正及移相全桥软开关PWM技术的基本原理。设计了一款48V／25A的高频通信开关电源,开关频率为100KHz。该电源由功率因数校正和DC-DC变换两级电路组成,控制电路利用DSP F2812直接生成数字PWM波形,经脉冲变压器隔离,驱动主电路与功率因数校正电路的功率开关管。在功率因数校正电路上采用平均电流型Boost-PFC电路,完成了PFC电路的设计,包括主电路、辅助电路、控制回路的设计,重点研究了电压外环、电流内环数字控制回路的设计方法。然后通过MATLAB软件对功率因数校正电路进行了仿真分析。在DC-DC变换电路上采用全桥移相控制ZVS变换器作为电源的主变换电路,分析了全桥移相控制变换器的工作原理,并针对全桥移相控制变换器副边占空比丢失的问题,提出了保留高频变压器原边串联的谐振电感以及在滞后桥臂处增设辅助谐振网络的移相全桥变换结构,从而实现超前臂和滞后臂开关管的零电压开关。并且利用Pspice软件对所设计的主电路进行了仿真分析。最后,对几种常用的电源模块并联均流方法进行了分析,并基于常用的平均电流自动均流法存在的问题,提出了与控制电路相结合的实用型平均电流自动均流电路。
整篇论文以电源设计为主线,在详细分析电路原理的基础上,进行系统的主电路参数设计、辅助电路设计、控制回路设计、仿真研究。论文针对各主要模块进行了仿真分析,证实所提出的方法的有效性和可行性。
Switching Power Supply for communication is a center in communication Equipment. It has incomparable importance in the communication station. With the rapid development of communications and the constantly updated of communications equipment, the requirements of the power supply for modern communications technology is increasing. High efficiency, high frequency, modular, digital will be future direction of the development in communication power supply. In this paper, against bottlenecks of the traditional analog control switching power supply, we will study about digital control based DSP of high frequency and high efficiency switching power supply, Expect we can design a more stable and smaller,more efficient DC power supply for practical applications.
Firstly, through the analysis of the main circuit and working principle about high-frequency switching power supply, research the EMI Problems of input and output about switching power supply, especially, we analyzed the power factor correction and phase shift full-bridge soft-switching PWM techniques in detail about switching power supply. Secondly, we will design a 48V/25A high frequency communication switching power supply, switching frequency is 100 KHz. It includes power factor correction and DC-DC transformation circuit. Control circuit using DSP F2812 generated digital PWM waveform,it drive Mosfets of the main circuit and power factor correction circuit by the isolated pulse transformer, In the power factor correction circuit we use the average current-mode Boost-PFC circuit, including the main circuit, auxiliary circuit, control loop designing. Then we have a MATLAB simulation analysis of Power factor correction circuit. In the DC-DC converter we adopte full-bridge phase-shifting ZVS control serve as the main converter circuit. Through the analysis of the phase shift control full-bridge converter's working principle, face duty cycle loss on secondary side in the Phase-shift full-bridge converter, we decide retain series resonant inductor in the High-frequency transformer primary side and add a auxiliary resonant network in the lagging leg of Phase Shift Full Bridge Converter. So it will achieve ZVS in leading mosfet and lagging mosfet. Then we use Pspice software to finish simulation analysis on the main circuit design. At last, through study of parallel current sharing for power switch supply, aim at the problems for the commonly used average current automatic current sharing, we propose a practical average current automatic current sharing circuit combined with the control circuit.
In this thesis, the main line is power supply design, based on the detailed analysis of the circuit principle, we finished design about the main circuit parameters of the system, auxiliary circuit, control circuit and simulation. Finally I confirmed that my proposed methods is effective and feasible.
本论文首先通过对高频开关电源的工作原理以及主电路拓扑结构进行分析,并结合对开关电源的输入输出的EMI问题的探讨,重点分析了开关电源功率因数校正及移相全桥软开关PWM技术的基本原理。设计了一款48V／25A的高频通信开关电源,开关频率为100KHz。该电源由功率因数校正和DC-DC变换两级电路组成,控制电路利用DSP F2812直接生成数字PWM波形,经脉冲变压器隔离,驱动主电路与功率因数校正电路的功率开关管。在功率因数校正电路上采用平均电流型Boost-PFC电路,完成了PFC电路的设计,包括主电路、辅助电路、控制回路的设计,重点研究了电压外环、电流内环数字控制回路的设计方法。然后通过MATLAB软件对功率因数校正电路进行了仿真分析。在DC-DC变换电路上采用全桥移相控制ZVS变换器作为电源的主变换电路,分析了全桥移相控制变换器的工作原理,并针对全桥移相控制变换器副边占空比丢失的问题,提出了保留高频变压器原边串联的谐振电感以及在滞后桥臂处增设辅助谐振网络的移相全桥变换结构,从而实现超前臂和滞后臂开关管的零电压开关。并且利用Pspice软件对所设计的主电路进行了仿真分析。最后,对几种常用的电源模块并联均流方法进行了分析,并基于常用的平均电流自动均流法存在的问题,提出了与控制电路相结合的实用型平均电流自动均流电路。
整篇论文以电源设计为主线,在详细分析电路原理的基础上,进行系统的主电路参数设计、辅助电路设计、控制回路设计、仿真研究。论文针对各主要模块进行了仿真分析,证实所提出的方法的有效性和可行性。
Switching Power Supply for communication is a center in communication Equipment. It has incomparable importance in the communication station. With the rapid development of communications and the constantly updated of communications equipment, the requirements of the power supply for modern communications technology is increasing. High efficiency, high frequency, modular, digital will be future direction of the development in communication power supply. In this paper, against bottlenecks of the traditional analog control switching power supply, we will study about digital control based DSP of high frequency and high efficiency switching power supply, Expect we can design a more stable and smaller,more efficient DC power supply for practical applications.
Firstly, through the analysis of the main circuit and working principle about high-frequency switching power supply, research the EMI Problems of input and output about switching power supply, especially, we analyzed the power factor correction and phase shift full-bridge soft-switching PWM techniques in detail about switching power supply. Secondly, we will design a 48V/25A high frequency communication switching power supply, switching frequency is 100 KHz. It includes power factor correction and DC-DC transformation circuit. Control circuit using DSP F2812 generated digital PWM waveform,it drive Mosfets of the main circuit and power factor correction circuit by the isolated pulse transformer, In the power factor correction circuit we use the average current-mode Boost-PFC circuit, including the main circuit, auxiliary circuit, control loop designing. Then we have a MATLAB simulation analysis of Power factor correction circuit. In the DC-DC converter we adopte full-bridge phase-shifting ZVS control serve as the main converter circuit. Through the analysis of the phase shift control full-bridge converter's working principle, face duty cycle loss on secondary side in the Phase-shift full-bridge converter, we decide retain series resonant inductor in the High-frequency transformer primary side and add a auxiliary resonant network in the lagging leg of Phase Shift Full Bridge Converter. So it will achieve ZVS in leading mosfet and lagging mosfet. Then we use Pspice software to finish simulation analysis on the main circuit design. At last, through study of parallel current sharing for power switch supply, aim at the problems for the commonly used average current automatic current sharing, we propose a practical average current automatic current sharing circuit combined with the control circuit.
In this thesis, the main line is power supply design, based on the detailed analysis of the circuit principle, we finished design about the main circuit parameters of the system, auxiliary circuit, control circuit and simulation. Finally I confirmed that my proposed methods is effective and feasible.
引文
[1]漆逢吉.通信电源系统[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：3-7
[2]黄小军,黄济青. 通信高频开关电源[M].北京： 机械工业出版社,2007：17-33
[3]方舟.通信高频开关电源的现状及展望[J]. 电源世界,2005(5)：7-10
[4]胡炎申,谢运祥.通信用高频开关电源技术发展综述[J].电源世界,2006(3)：5-6
[5]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：52-66
[6]Robert W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimovic. Fundamentals of Power Electronics[M] Kluwer Academic Pub 2001:77-89
[7]胡雪梅,陈福媛.开关电源高频变换电路结构分析[J].电源技术应用,2006(3)：25-27
[8](美)Abraham I. Pressman著,开关电源设计(第二版)[M].王志强等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：106-125
[9]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用电路[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006：95-99
[10]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用[M]. 北京：电子工业出版社,2008：77-95
[11]李爱文.现代通信基础开关电源的原理和设计[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：261-289
[12]熊敏,高海生.基于DSP的数字控制功率因数校正[J].通信电源技术,2005(2)：35-38
[13]Chien-Ming Wang, Ching-Hung Su, Chang-Hua Lin, et al. High-power-factor soft-switched DC power supply system Industrial Technology[C],2008. ICIT 2008. IEEE International Conference on, Vols 1-6出版年：2008
[14]马丰民,吴正邦.基于DSP实现的高频整流电源[J]. 通信电源技术,2003(3)：45-47
[15]刘文华,马晓军,郑文斌,等.高功率因数48V／50A通信开关电源[J]. 电力系统自动化,1997(4)：26-28
[16]陈伟,马金平,杜志江,等.基于DSP的PWM型开关电源的设计[J]. 微计算机信息,2006(2)：122-123
[17]Jin, YW; Wang, CL; Zhang, FL, et al. High-frequency switching power supply for charging instrument[C] ISTM/2005:6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, Vols 1-9, Conference Proceedings出版年：2005
[18]Morimoto K, Ahmed NA, Ahmed T. An innovative DC busline active snubber-assisted soft switching PWM DC-DC power supply with high frequency transformer for high performance arc welder[C] Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4丛书：IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING出版年：2005
[19]石峰.48V／50A开关电源整流模块主电路设计[J]. 现代电子技术,2002(6)：56-58
[20]Moisseev S, Ishigami Y, Soshin K, Nakaoka M Tapped inductor filter-assisted soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter with high frequency transformer link for automotive AC power supply[C] PESC 04:2004 IEEE 35TH ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS丛书：IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS出版年：2004
[21]Dudrik J, Ruscin V. Voltage Fed Zero-Voltage Zero-Current Switching PWM DC-DC Converter[C] 2008 13TH INTERNATIONAL POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTION CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5出版年：2008
[22]Alimadadi M, Sheikhaei S, Lemieux G, et al. A 660MHz ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Gate-Driver Charge-Recycling in 0.18 mu m CMOS with an Integrated Output Filter[C] 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 丛 书:IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS出版年：2008
[23]Kurokawa F, Sukita S, Shibata Y, et al. A New Digital Control DC-DC Converter with Peak Current-Injected Control[C] INTELEC 08-30TH INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY, VOLS 1 AND 2丛书：International Telecommunications Energy Conference-INTELEC出版年：2008
[24]Ishitobi M, Matsushige T, Moisseev S, et al. A novel type soft switching PWM DC-DC converter with high voltage transformer link for magnetron drive[J] Industrial Electronics Society,2000. IECON 2000.26th Annual Confjerence of the IEEE 2002(5):356-361
[25]王京梅,兰中文,余忠,等.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计[J]. 电子科技大学学报,2002(2)：123-125
[26]Inaba CY, Konishi Y, Nakaoka M. High frequency transformer-Assisted passive soft switching PWM DC-DC converter with energy recovery for compact auxiliary power supply in rolling stock transportation[C] 2003 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3出版年：2003
[27]Chen Wei, Zou Yun-pin, Xu Li-juan, et al. EMC Design of lOkW DC Switch Power Supply[C], Environmental Electromagnetics, The 2006 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on, On page(s):181-184出版年2006
[28]吴建强.PSPICE仿真实践. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社[M],2001：322-380
[29]马宁,陈莉.开关电源电路的PSPICE仿真[J].计算机与数字工程,2005：78-81
[30]刘彬,王珂等.基于ORCAD的开关电源仿真[J].中国科技信息,2008：105-108
[31]刘向东.DSP技术原理与应用[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007：58-123
[32]刘和平,严利平.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M]. 北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2002：62-156
[33]Jimenez G, Sevillano J. L, Diaz F, et al. Waveform generator based on computer-controlled switching power supplies[C] IECON 02 [Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference], Vols:1-6出版年：2003
[34]杜训新.基于DSP的全数字UPS电源[D]. 武汉：武汉大学,2004.
[35]周志敏.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：256-330
[36]章道林.一个基于DSP的DC／DC开关电源设计方法[J]. 科技咨询导报,2006：88-90
[37]梁志刚.基于DSP的移相全桥DC／DC变换器相关问题研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[38]李夕红.基于DSP和FPGA的数字化开关电源的实用化研究[D].成都：成都理工大学,2008.
[39]石磊,谈顺涛,王光.基于DSP的智能型高频开关电源[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2002(2)：65-68
[40]郑耀添.开关电源中驱动电路的设计方法[J].内江科技,2007(1)：77-79
[41]刘松文.高频开关电源的数字化控制电路的设计[J].科技资讯,2009(2)：130-133
[42]张伟,邹云屏,陈伟,等.基于DSP的数字化大功率软开关电源的设计[J]. 通信电源技术,2007(1)：25-28
[43]谢万新,贾少锐,李丽宏,等.基于DSP的高精度开关电源的实现[J]. 微计算机信息,2006(20)：35-36
[44]Luo F, Ma DS. An Integrated Switching DC-DC Converter With Dual-Mode Pulse-Train/PWM Control[C] IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS VOLS 1-6出版年：FEB 2009
[45]He H, Tang L, Mo K, et al. Analyze electromagnetic compatibility of Switching Power Supply by finite element method of harmonic balance[C] 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATION AND LOGISTICS, VOLS 1-6出版年：2007
[2]黄小军,黄济青. 通信高频开关电源[M].北京： 机械工业出版社,2007：17-33
[3]方舟.通信高频开关电源的现状及展望[J]. 电源世界,2005(5)：7-10
[4]胡炎申,谢运祥.通信用高频开关电源技术发展综述[J].电源世界,2006(3)：5-6
[5]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：52-66
[6]Robert W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimovic. Fundamentals of Power Electronics[M] Kluwer Academic Pub 2001:77-89
[7]胡雪梅,陈福媛.开关电源高频变换电路结构分析[J].电源技术应用,2006(3)：25-27
[8](美)Abraham I. Pressman著,开关电源设计(第二版)[M].王志强等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：106-125
[9]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用电路[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006：95-99
[10]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用[M]. 北京：电子工业出版社,2008：77-95
[11]李爱文.现代通信基础开关电源的原理和设计[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：261-289
[12]熊敏,高海生.基于DSP的数字控制功率因数校正[J].通信电源技术,2005(2)：35-38
[13]Chien-Ming Wang, Ching-Hung Su, Chang-Hua Lin, et al. High-power-factor soft-switched DC power supply system Industrial Technology[C],2008. ICIT 2008. IEEE International Conference on, Vols 1-6出版年：2008
[14]马丰民,吴正邦.基于DSP实现的高频整流电源[J]. 通信电源技术,2003(3)：45-47
[15]刘文华,马晓军,郑文斌,等.高功率因数48V／50A通信开关电源[J]. 电力系统自动化,1997(4)：26-28
[16]陈伟,马金平,杜志江,等.基于DSP的PWM型开关电源的设计[J]. 微计算机信息,2006(2)：122-123
[17]Jin, YW; Wang, CL; Zhang, FL, et al. High-frequency switching power supply for charging instrument[C] ISTM/2005:6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, Vols 1-9, Conference Proceedings出版年：2005
[18]Morimoto K, Ahmed NA, Ahmed T. An innovative DC busline active snubber-assisted soft switching PWM DC-DC power supply with high frequency transformer for high performance arc welder[C] Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4丛书：IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING出版年：2005
[19]石峰.48V／50A开关电源整流模块主电路设计[J]. 现代电子技术,2002(6)：56-58
[20]Moisseev S, Ishigami Y, Soshin K, Nakaoka M Tapped inductor filter-assisted soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter with high frequency transformer link for automotive AC power supply[C] PESC 04:2004 IEEE 35TH ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS丛书：IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS出版年：2004
[21]Dudrik J, Ruscin V. Voltage Fed Zero-Voltage Zero-Current Switching PWM DC-DC Converter[C] 2008 13TH INTERNATIONAL POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTION CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5出版年：2008
[22]Alimadadi M, Sheikhaei S, Lemieux G, et al. A 660MHz ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Gate-Driver Charge-Recycling in 0.18 mu m CMOS with an Integrated Output Filter[C] 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 丛 书:IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS出版年：2008
[23]Kurokawa F, Sukita S, Shibata Y, et al. A New Digital Control DC-DC Converter with Peak Current-Injected Control[C] INTELEC 08-30TH INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY, VOLS 1 AND 2丛书：International Telecommunications Energy Conference-INTELEC出版年：2008
[24]Ishitobi M, Matsushige T, Moisseev S, et al. A novel type soft switching PWM DC-DC converter with high voltage transformer link for magnetron drive[J] Industrial Electronics Society,2000. IECON 2000.26th Annual Confjerence of the IEEE 2002(5):356-361
[25]王京梅,兰中文,余忠,等.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计[J]. 电子科技大学学报,2002(2)：123-125
[26]Inaba CY, Konishi Y, Nakaoka M. High frequency transformer-Assisted passive soft switching PWM DC-DC converter with energy recovery for compact auxiliary power supply in rolling stock transportation[C] 2003 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3出版年：2003
[27]Chen Wei, Zou Yun-pin, Xu Li-juan, et al. EMC Design of lOkW DC Switch Power Supply[C], Environmental Electromagnetics, The 2006 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on, On page(s):181-184出版年2006
[28]吴建强.PSPICE仿真实践. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社[M],2001：322-380
[29]马宁,陈莉.开关电源电路的PSPICE仿真[J].计算机与数字工程,2005：78-81
[30]刘彬,王珂等.基于ORCAD的开关电源仿真[J].中国科技信息,2008：105-108
[31]刘向东.DSP技术原理与应用[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007：58-123
[32]刘和平,严利平.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M]. 北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2002：62-156
[33]Jimenez G, Sevillano J. L, Diaz F, et al. Waveform generator based on computer-controlled switching power supplies[C] IECON 02 [Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference], Vols:1-6出版年：2003
[34]杜训新.基于DSP的全数字UPS电源[D]. 武汉：武汉大学,2004.
[35]周志敏.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：256-330
[36]章道林.一个基于DSP的DC／DC开关电源设计方法[J]. 科技咨询导报,2006：88-90
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