山东沿海港口群资源配置评价及整合对策研究
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摘要
在国际经济发展的大背景下,国际海运贸易量高速增长,世界各国纷纷加紧港口的扩建和改造,增强港口吞吐能力,港口间的竞争日益加剧。在激烈的竞争中,世界港口逐渐呈现出区域化和合作化的发展趋势,以联盟、组合、兼并等为标志的多种整合方式层出不穷,以增强区域港口的竞争力。
山东沿海港口群地理位置优越,岸线资源丰富,集疏运体系发达,腹地进出口货源充足,发展前景十分广阔。随着经济的快速发展,各港口吞吐量高速增长,港口规模不断扩大,已初步形成了青岛、烟台、日照为三大主枢纽港,龙口、威海为两大区域性重要港口,蓬莱、莱州、潍坊等中小港口为补充的港口群体。但是,山东沿海港口群也存在着诸多问题,如沿海港口重复建设、岸线资源不合理开发利用、港口管理体制不够完善等,严重制约着港口群的进一步发展。与此同时,周边港口如韩国釜山、日本诸港、以及国内的天津、大连等都在积极建设国际航运中心,争夺东北亚地区国际集装箱中转货源,对山东沿海港口群的发展构成了一定的威胁。进入21世纪,山东沿海港口群的发展优势与劣势并存,机遇与挑战同在。目前,以区域经济的理念对山东沿海港口资源进行整体谋划已成为一种必然的趋势。因此,必须以沿海港口群为整体,全面整合港口资源,优化资源配置,避免重复建设和恶性竞争,减少内耗,提高山东沿海港口群的整体竞争力。
在这样的背景下,本文认真研究了国内外关于港口资源配置和整合的相关理论;分析了山东沿海港口群发展的现状;通过建立港口C-D生产函数模型,并根据丹尼森对科技进步率的分解,对山东沿海港口群资源配置状况进行了评价;由此找出了山东沿海港口群资源配置中存在的问题;运用“帕累托改进”的原理,结合实例分析了港口间资源整合的条件,并应用博弈论原理分析得出了一个利益分配比例,作为山东省跨区域港口间资源整合的参考。在以上分析的基础上,文章确定了山东沿海港口群资源整合的基本思路和总体目标,并提出了相应的整合对策,为山东沿海港口群资源的优化配置提供参考。
In the background of international economic development, the international maritime trade volume is growing with high speed. In order to increase cargo handling capacity, ports in the world are expansing and reconstructing, which results the growing competition among ports. In the fierce competition, ports in the world are developing towards the trend of regionalization and cooperation. Various ways of port integration emerge constantly to enhance the competitiveness of the regional ports.
The Shandong coastal port cluster has many advantages of superior port location, abundant coastline resource, convenient inland transport system and adequate import and export cargo, which provid wide development prospect for it. With the rapid development of economy, ports of Shandong province constantly expand in scale with high growth of cargo throughput, and have formed the layout that Qingdao, Yantai and Rizhao ports are the major hub ports, Weihai and Longkou ports are the important regional ports, and other small and medium-sized ports, such as Penglai, Laizhou, Weifang, are the supplement. But there are also many problems which constrain the development of Shandong coastal port cluster. For example, many ports are repeated constructed, the coastline resource is exploited and utilized irrationally, and the system of port management is imperfect, etc.. Meanwhile, in order to build international shipping centre, the neighboring ports, such as Busan, Tianjin, Dalian, are fighting for the international transferring container cargo of Northeast Asia, which have posed some threats to the development of Shandong ports. Entering into 21st century, there are advantages and disadvantages, also opportunities and challenges in the the development of Shandong coastal port cluster. At present, it has become an inevitable trend to plan the port resources in Shandong coastal port cluster overall in the regional economic concept. Therefore, in order to enhance the overall competitiveness of Shandong coastal port cluster, it is necessary to integrate port resources comprehensively and optimize the allocation of port resources to avoid repeating construction and vicious competition and decrease the internal friction, regarding Shandong coastal port cluster as a whole.
In the context above, this paper carefully studies the respective theory on the allocation and integration of port resources, and analyzes the development status of Shandong coastal port cluster. By establishing C-D Production Function Model and according to Denison's decomposition of the scientific and technological progress rate, the paper evaluates the status of port resources allocation in Shandong coastal port cluster. Thus it finds the problems existed in the port resources allocation of Shandong coastal port cluster. Applying the principle of "Pareto improvement", the paper analyzes the condition of integration between two ports combined with example. Then applying the principle of game theory, this paper draws a proportion of profits distribution between two ports in integration for reference. On the basis of the analysis above, the paper defines the basic thinking and general target of the resources integration of Shandong coastal port cluster, thus gives some countermeasures of integration to offer reference for the optimal allocation of resources in Shandong coastal port cluster.
山东沿海港口群地理位置优越,岸线资源丰富,集疏运体系发达,腹地进出口货源充足,发展前景十分广阔。随着经济的快速发展,各港口吞吐量高速增长,港口规模不断扩大,已初步形成了青岛、烟台、日照为三大主枢纽港,龙口、威海为两大区域性重要港口,蓬莱、莱州、潍坊等中小港口为补充的港口群体。但是,山东沿海港口群也存在着诸多问题,如沿海港口重复建设、岸线资源不合理开发利用、港口管理体制不够完善等,严重制约着港口群的进一步发展。与此同时,周边港口如韩国釜山、日本诸港、以及国内的天津、大连等都在积极建设国际航运中心,争夺东北亚地区国际集装箱中转货源,对山东沿海港口群的发展构成了一定的威胁。进入21世纪,山东沿海港口群的发展优势与劣势并存,机遇与挑战同在。目前,以区域经济的理念对山东沿海港口资源进行整体谋划已成为一种必然的趋势。因此,必须以沿海港口群为整体,全面整合港口资源,优化资源配置,避免重复建设和恶性竞争,减少内耗,提高山东沿海港口群的整体竞争力。
在这样的背景下,本文认真研究了国内外关于港口资源配置和整合的相关理论;分析了山东沿海港口群发展的现状;通过建立港口C-D生产函数模型,并根据丹尼森对科技进步率的分解,对山东沿海港口群资源配置状况进行了评价;由此找出了山东沿海港口群资源配置中存在的问题;运用“帕累托改进”的原理,结合实例分析了港口间资源整合的条件,并应用博弈论原理分析得出了一个利益分配比例,作为山东省跨区域港口间资源整合的参考。在以上分析的基础上,文章确定了山东沿海港口群资源整合的基本思路和总体目标,并提出了相应的整合对策,为山东沿海港口群资源的优化配置提供参考。
In the background of international economic development, the international maritime trade volume is growing with high speed. In order to increase cargo handling capacity, ports in the world are expansing and reconstructing, which results the growing competition among ports. In the fierce competition, ports in the world are developing towards the trend of regionalization and cooperation. Various ways of port integration emerge constantly to enhance the competitiveness of the regional ports.
The Shandong coastal port cluster has many advantages of superior port location, abundant coastline resource, convenient inland transport system and adequate import and export cargo, which provid wide development prospect for it. With the rapid development of economy, ports of Shandong province constantly expand in scale with high growth of cargo throughput, and have formed the layout that Qingdao, Yantai and Rizhao ports are the major hub ports, Weihai and Longkou ports are the important regional ports, and other small and medium-sized ports, such as Penglai, Laizhou, Weifang, are the supplement. But there are also many problems which constrain the development of Shandong coastal port cluster. For example, many ports are repeated constructed, the coastline resource is exploited and utilized irrationally, and the system of port management is imperfect, etc.. Meanwhile, in order to build international shipping centre, the neighboring ports, such as Busan, Tianjin, Dalian, are fighting for the international transferring container cargo of Northeast Asia, which have posed some threats to the development of Shandong ports. Entering into 21st century, there are advantages and disadvantages, also opportunities and challenges in the the development of Shandong coastal port cluster. At present, it has become an inevitable trend to plan the port resources in Shandong coastal port cluster overall in the regional economic concept. Therefore, in order to enhance the overall competitiveness of Shandong coastal port cluster, it is necessary to integrate port resources comprehensively and optimize the allocation of port resources to avoid repeating construction and vicious competition and decrease the internal friction, regarding Shandong coastal port cluster as a whole.
In the context above, this paper carefully studies the respective theory on the allocation and integration of port resources, and analyzes the development status of Shandong coastal port cluster. By establishing C-D Production Function Model and according to Denison's decomposition of the scientific and technological progress rate, the paper evaluates the status of port resources allocation in Shandong coastal port cluster. Thus it finds the problems existed in the port resources allocation of Shandong coastal port cluster. Applying the principle of "Pareto improvement", the paper analyzes the condition of integration between two ports combined with example. Then applying the principle of game theory, this paper draws a proportion of profits distribution between two ports in integration for reference. On the basis of the analysis above, the paper defines the basic thinking and general target of the resources integration of Shandong coastal port cluster, thus gives some countermeasures of integration to offer reference for the optimal allocation of resources in Shandong coastal port cluster.
引文
[1]厉以宁.资源配置与经济体制改革.北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[2]孔宪雷,许长新.港口群系统的竞争合作与演变发展.水运工程,2004.10.
[3]谢凌峰.基于可持续发展观的珠江三角洲港口资源整合研究.河海大学博士学何论文,2005.
[4]袁兵.港口群资源整合研究.大连海事大学硕士学位学何论文,2005.
[5]赵娜,赵春吉,孙光圻.辽宁省港口资源整合战略.中国水运,2007.1.
[6]徐秦.浙江省港口资源整合研究.中国航海,2006.9.
[7]黄健元,严以新.东亚地区国际港口集装箱运输竞争力的综合评价.水运管理,2004,26.
[8]陈军飞.用因子分析方法对港口类上市公司经营业绩综合评价.水运工程,344(9).
[9]陈军飞.应用灰色系统评价方法对港口开发项目综合评价.水运工程,2003,348(1).
[10]刘大镕.多指标体系的港口效率评价模型.上海海运学院学报,1994,15(2).
[11]Tongzon J.Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international port using data envelopment analysis.Transportation Research,Part A 2001,35.
[12]庞瑞芝.我国主要沿海港口的动态效率评价.经济研究,2006,(6).
[13]Solow Robert M..Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function.Review of Economics and Statistics,August 1957,39(3).
[14]高鸿业.西方经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[15]傅道臣,张新兰.经济增长因素分析的一种统计方法.统计研究,1997(2).
[16]肖青.技术进步经济效果的定量研究.大连海事大学学报,1995.11.
[17]高启斋.生产函数法在港口企业科技进步定量测算中的应用.港口装卸,1995.3.
[18]邵争艳.中国区域高等教育资源优化配置评价与对策研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2006.
[19]刘睿.物流企业资源整合的经济学分析.上海海事大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[20]庄佩君.集装箱港口竞合战略研究.中国航海,2005.3.
[21]苗艳青.闽台农业合作优化资源配置的研究.福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[22]孙巍,盖国凤.生产资源配置效率及其测度理论研究.当代经济研究,1998.3.
[23]孙巍,杨庆芳,杨树绘.产出资源配置效率的参数测度与非参数测度及其比较分析.系统工程理论与实践,2000.6.
[24]易丹辉.数据分析与EVIEWS应用.中国统计出版社,2000.
[25]孙光圻,刘洋.现代港口发展趋势与“第四代港口”新概念.中国港口,2005.6.
[26]张可云.区域大展于区域经济关系.北京:民主与建设出版社,2001.
[27]张树义.战略联盟的博弈分析.西南交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[28]Nash.J.The Bargaining Problem.econometric,1950.
[29]冯力.回归分析方法原理及SPSS实际操作.北京:中国金融出版社,2004.
[30]山东半岛城市群港口资源整合规划工作纲要.交通部规划研究院,2003.
[31]山东港航“十一五”规划及2020年远景规划.山东省交通厅港航局,2005.
[32]山东省沿海港口总体布局规划.交通部规划研究院,2005
[33]山东省人民政府关于加快沿海港口发展的意见,2005.
[34]青岛港总体规划.交通部规划研究院,2006.
[35]烟台市港口总体规划.交通部规划研究院,2006.
[36]中国港口年鉴.北京:中国港口协会.
[37]中华人民共和国交通部.航运发展报告.人民交通出版社.
[38]中华人民共利国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴.中国统计出版社.
[39]中国航贸网,http://www.snet.com.cn/
[40]http://www.qdport.com/
[41]http://www.yantaiport.com.cn/
[42]http://www.rzport.com/
[2]孔宪雷,许长新.港口群系统的竞争合作与演变发展.水运工程,2004.10.
[3]谢凌峰.基于可持续发展观的珠江三角洲港口资源整合研究.河海大学博士学何论文,2005.
[4]袁兵.港口群资源整合研究.大连海事大学硕士学位学何论文,2005.
[5]赵娜,赵春吉,孙光圻.辽宁省港口资源整合战略.中国水运,2007.1.
[6]徐秦.浙江省港口资源整合研究.中国航海,2006.9.
[7]黄健元,严以新.东亚地区国际港口集装箱运输竞争力的综合评价.水运管理,2004,26.
[8]陈军飞.用因子分析方法对港口类上市公司经营业绩综合评价.水运工程,344(9).
[9]陈军飞.应用灰色系统评价方法对港口开发项目综合评价.水运工程,2003,348(1).
[10]刘大镕.多指标体系的港口效率评价模型.上海海运学院学报,1994,15(2).
[11]Tongzon J.Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international port using data envelopment analysis.Transportation Research,Part A 2001,35.
[12]庞瑞芝.我国主要沿海港口的动态效率评价.经济研究,2006,(6).
[13]Solow Robert M..Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function.Review of Economics and Statistics,August 1957,39(3).
[14]高鸿业.西方经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[15]傅道臣,张新兰.经济增长因素分析的一种统计方法.统计研究,1997(2).
[16]肖青.技术进步经济效果的定量研究.大连海事大学学报,1995.11.
[17]高启斋.生产函数法在港口企业科技进步定量测算中的应用.港口装卸,1995.3.
[18]邵争艳.中国区域高等教育资源优化配置评价与对策研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2006.
[19]刘睿.物流企业资源整合的经济学分析.上海海事大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[20]庄佩君.集装箱港口竞合战略研究.中国航海,2005.3.
[21]苗艳青.闽台农业合作优化资源配置的研究.福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[22]孙巍,盖国凤.生产资源配置效率及其测度理论研究.当代经济研究,1998.3.
[23]孙巍,杨庆芳,杨树绘.产出资源配置效率的参数测度与非参数测度及其比较分析.系统工程理论与实践,2000.6.
[24]易丹辉.数据分析与EVIEWS应用.中国统计出版社,2000.
[25]孙光圻,刘洋.现代港口发展趋势与“第四代港口”新概念.中国港口,2005.6.
[26]张可云.区域大展于区域经济关系.北京:民主与建设出版社,2001.
[27]张树义.战略联盟的博弈分析.西南交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[28]Nash.J.The Bargaining Problem.econometric,1950.
[29]冯力.回归分析方法原理及SPSS实际操作.北京:中国金融出版社,2004.
[30]山东半岛城市群港口资源整合规划工作纲要.交通部规划研究院,2003.
[31]山东港航“十一五”规划及2020年远景规划.山东省交通厅港航局,2005.
[32]山东省沿海港口总体布局规划.交通部规划研究院,2005
[33]山东省人民政府关于加快沿海港口发展的意见,2005.
[34]青岛港总体规划.交通部规划研究院,2006.
[35]烟台市港口总体规划.交通部规划研究院,2006.
[36]中国港口年鉴.北京:中国港口协会.
[37]中华人民共和国交通部.航运发展报告.人民交通出版社.
[38]中华人民共利国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴.中国统计出版社.
[39]中国航贸网,http://www.snet.com.cn/
[40]http://www.qdport.com/
[41]http://www.yantaiport.com.cn/
[42]http://www.rzport.com/