隧道掘进自动导向系统研发的技术方案与实施管理研究
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摘要
在我国城市地铁建设日益升温,至2005年底我国40多座百万人口以上的特大城市中,已经有30多座开展了城市快速轨道的建设或建设前期工作。其中,从2006到2010五年间在建或准备上马的地铁项目超过了20个,预计投资2000多亿元人民币。如此大规模的地下铁道建设,对于盾构机需求的潜在市场容量将超过150亿元。长期以来,我国盾构机绝大多数依靠进口,不但价格昂贵,而且其核心技术、关键零部件、控制系统等高度保密,盾构机的维护和保养等都不得不依赖国外盾构制造厂商,国内企业要额外支付高额的人工费。因此,当前盾构机国产化的任务相当迫切。
隧道掘进自动导向系统是盾构机重要控制系统之一,系统利用先进的测量手段、自动控制技术、电子传感器和计算机技术,可以实时计算出盾构机在土体中的实际位置、相关姿态和掘进趋势等信息,从而指导盾构机沿着设计轴线准确的前进,最终到达目的地。其主要其核心技术长期以来一直掌握在国外少数企业手中。目前,国内隧道施工中采用的自动导向系统基本上都是国外进口。由于缺乏有效严谨的数学、物理模型和科学合理的系统架构设计以及硬件设施匮乏等原因,国内自动导向系统仍处于自主研究阶段,尚未形成成熟产品。因此,自主研发一套科学有效的隧道掘进自动导向系统,已成为我国当前盾构产业发展中一个值得高度关注和亟待解决的理论与现实问题。
本文作者根据自身从事隧道掘进导向的工作经验,依靠上海隧道股份专家和科研团队,提出了完整的隧道掘进自动导向系统技术解决方案。同时,在隧道掘进导向系统研发的实施过程中,充分运用项目生命周期管理、组织结构管理、阶段管理、进度管理、质量管理、风险管理等科学的项目管理理论与工具,改变了传统研发模式的效率和可靠性,最终实现系统的研发成功。
本文分为七章对隧道掘进自动导向系统进行研究。第一章绪论,主要是介绍论文研究背景、目的、意义以及国内外的研究现状;第二章介绍了隧道掘进自动导向系统研发的项目目标和任务,并阐述了科研和技术改进对于企业发展的重要性;第三章对隧道掘进自动导向系统研发进行了可行性分析;第四章给出了隧道掘进自动导向系统研发的完整技术解决方案;第五章制定了详细的项目实施方案;第六章介绍了项目实施阶段的项目管理应用;第七章是总结与展望。
本文所提供的隧道掘进自动导向系统技术解决方案是在大量吸收了国外自动导向系统优点基础上,充分结合国内盾构法施工的实际而提出的,具有系统模型可靠、可操作性强的优点。同时本文将项目管理的先进手段用于该系统研发的实施管理当中,确保了系统研发的保质保量完成。目前该系统已经在国内多个城市的地下隧道施工中得到应用,其实际精度完全能够达到国外同类系统的水平,并以其物美价廉受到一致好评。本文旨在通过制定科学合理的项目技术解决方案结合项目管理的手段对项目实施过程进行有效控制从而提高研发项目的成功率,以期为类似项目的研发提供一定的借鉴经验。
本文研究成果受到上海隧道工程股份有限公司负责的国家科技部“十一五”863计划课题“泥水平衡盾构关键技术与样机研制”和上海市科委登山计划课题“大直径泥水平衡盾构及复合型盾构的研制与应用”(No.06DZ11201)的资助。
The urban subway construction heat up in our country,among over 40 metropolises of a million,more than 30 of them have undergone urban rapid railway construction and pre-construction work until the end of 2005.During the period from 2006 to 2010,more than 20 subway projects are being constructed or ready for construction,expected to invest over 200billion Yuan.Such a large-scale underground railway construction witness a potential market for shield demand exceeding 15billion Yuan.For a long time,most shields in our country need to be imported with a high price,furthermore,domestic enterprise have to pay additional high labor cost as they have to rely on overseas manufactures for shield maintenance,considering the fact that core technology、key spare parts、controlling system and others are kept secret. Therefore,nationalization of shield has become an urgent task now.
The tunnel advancing automatic guiding system is one of important control systems for the shield.Making use of advanced surveying technique,automatic control technology、electric sensor and computer technology,the system can calculate actual position of shield in soil、related attitude and advancing trend and other data. In this way,it can guide shield driving along the designed axis with accuracy,arriving at destination in the end.Its core technologies have long been mastered by a few oversea enterprises.Currently the automatic systems applied at home are mainly imported from overseas.As a result of lacking precise math and physic model、scientific reasonable systematic structure design and hardware equipment,domestic automatic guiding system still remains in the stage of autonomous study,not yet mature.Therefore,autonomous research on a set of scientific effective tunnel advancing automatic guiding system has become an issue of high concern between theory and reality,which needs to be addressed in development of domestic shield industry.
Based on personal working experience on tunnel guiding work,relying experts and research groups of Shanghai tunnel Engineering Corporation,the author presents complete technology solution to tunnel advancing automatic guiding system. Meanwhile,during implementation of research on tunnel advancing guiding system, scientific project management theory and tools such as project life cycle、organization structure、period management,progress management,quality management、risk management and others are fully used to improve the efficiency and reliability of the traditional research mode,finally achieving success of system research.
The essay includes seven chapters,focusing on research of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The first chapter----preface,mainly introduce background、purpose、significance of essay study as well as domestic and international research situation.The chapter two introduces the project task and objective of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system,and analyzes the importance of research and technological improvement on enterprise development.The chapter three carries out feasibility analysis on research of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The chapter four presents complete technological solution to research on tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The chapter five set up detailed construction scheme of the project.The chapter six introduces project management application in implementation stage of project.The chapter seven is summarization and prospect.
The technological solutions to tunnel advancing automatic guiding system in this essay are presented based on massively drawing on the advantages of oversea automatic guiding system,and fully combining practice on domestic shield construction,with system mold reliable and practicable.Meanwhile the essay applies advanced method of project management into implementation management of systematic research,thus ensuring research of system with high quality.At present, the system has been applied in underground construction of many cities nationwide, its actual accuracy entirely reaching the level of the same kind overseas and its good and inexpensive feature receiving universal high appraisal.The essay aims to provide effective control on implementation of project using scientific reasonable technological solutions to the project combining project management method,to increase success rate of development project,to present certain reference experience for similar project research.
The research result of the essay receive subsidize from Eleventh Five-Year Plansubject 863 issued by National Ministry of Science and Technology--"key technology and sample manufacture of slurry balance shield",and mountain climbing scheme issued by Municipal Scientific and Technological Commission—"manufacture and application of large diameter slurry shield and combined shield"(No.06DZ11201 ), with Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co.in charge of both subjects.
隧道掘进自动导向系统是盾构机重要控制系统之一,系统利用先进的测量手段、自动控制技术、电子传感器和计算机技术,可以实时计算出盾构机在土体中的实际位置、相关姿态和掘进趋势等信息,从而指导盾构机沿着设计轴线准确的前进,最终到达目的地。其主要其核心技术长期以来一直掌握在国外少数企业手中。目前,国内隧道施工中采用的自动导向系统基本上都是国外进口。由于缺乏有效严谨的数学、物理模型和科学合理的系统架构设计以及硬件设施匮乏等原因,国内自动导向系统仍处于自主研究阶段,尚未形成成熟产品。因此,自主研发一套科学有效的隧道掘进自动导向系统,已成为我国当前盾构产业发展中一个值得高度关注和亟待解决的理论与现实问题。
本文作者根据自身从事隧道掘进导向的工作经验,依靠上海隧道股份专家和科研团队,提出了完整的隧道掘进自动导向系统技术解决方案。同时,在隧道掘进导向系统研发的实施过程中,充分运用项目生命周期管理、组织结构管理、阶段管理、进度管理、质量管理、风险管理等科学的项目管理理论与工具,改变了传统研发模式的效率和可靠性,最终实现系统的研发成功。
本文分为七章对隧道掘进自动导向系统进行研究。第一章绪论,主要是介绍论文研究背景、目的、意义以及国内外的研究现状;第二章介绍了隧道掘进自动导向系统研发的项目目标和任务,并阐述了科研和技术改进对于企业发展的重要性;第三章对隧道掘进自动导向系统研发进行了可行性分析;第四章给出了隧道掘进自动导向系统研发的完整技术解决方案;第五章制定了详细的项目实施方案;第六章介绍了项目实施阶段的项目管理应用;第七章是总结与展望。
本文所提供的隧道掘进自动导向系统技术解决方案是在大量吸收了国外自动导向系统优点基础上,充分结合国内盾构法施工的实际而提出的,具有系统模型可靠、可操作性强的优点。同时本文将项目管理的先进手段用于该系统研发的实施管理当中,确保了系统研发的保质保量完成。目前该系统已经在国内多个城市的地下隧道施工中得到应用,其实际精度完全能够达到国外同类系统的水平,并以其物美价廉受到一致好评。本文旨在通过制定科学合理的项目技术解决方案结合项目管理的手段对项目实施过程进行有效控制从而提高研发项目的成功率,以期为类似项目的研发提供一定的借鉴经验。
本文研究成果受到上海隧道工程股份有限公司负责的国家科技部“十一五”863计划课题“泥水平衡盾构关键技术与样机研制”和上海市科委登山计划课题“大直径泥水平衡盾构及复合型盾构的研制与应用”(No.06DZ11201)的资助。
The urban subway construction heat up in our country,among over 40 metropolises of a million,more than 30 of them have undergone urban rapid railway construction and pre-construction work until the end of 2005.During the period from 2006 to 2010,more than 20 subway projects are being constructed or ready for construction,expected to invest over 200billion Yuan.Such a large-scale underground railway construction witness a potential market for shield demand exceeding 15billion Yuan.For a long time,most shields in our country need to be imported with a high price,furthermore,domestic enterprise have to pay additional high labor cost as they have to rely on overseas manufactures for shield maintenance,considering the fact that core technology、key spare parts、controlling system and others are kept secret. Therefore,nationalization of shield has become an urgent task now.
The tunnel advancing automatic guiding system is one of important control systems for the shield.Making use of advanced surveying technique,automatic control technology、electric sensor and computer technology,the system can calculate actual position of shield in soil、related attitude and advancing trend and other data. In this way,it can guide shield driving along the designed axis with accuracy,arriving at destination in the end.Its core technologies have long been mastered by a few oversea enterprises.Currently the automatic systems applied at home are mainly imported from overseas.As a result of lacking precise math and physic model、scientific reasonable systematic structure design and hardware equipment,domestic automatic guiding system still remains in the stage of autonomous study,not yet mature.Therefore,autonomous research on a set of scientific effective tunnel advancing automatic guiding system has become an issue of high concern between theory and reality,which needs to be addressed in development of domestic shield industry.
Based on personal working experience on tunnel guiding work,relying experts and research groups of Shanghai tunnel Engineering Corporation,the author presents complete technology solution to tunnel advancing automatic guiding system. Meanwhile,during implementation of research on tunnel advancing guiding system, scientific project management theory and tools such as project life cycle、organization structure、period management,progress management,quality management、risk management and others are fully used to improve the efficiency and reliability of the traditional research mode,finally achieving success of system research.
The essay includes seven chapters,focusing on research of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The first chapter----preface,mainly introduce background、purpose、significance of essay study as well as domestic and international research situation.The chapter two introduces the project task and objective of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system,and analyzes the importance of research and technological improvement on enterprise development.The chapter three carries out feasibility analysis on research of tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The chapter four presents complete technological solution to research on tunnel advancing automatic guiding system.The chapter five set up detailed construction scheme of the project.The chapter six introduces project management application in implementation stage of project.The chapter seven is summarization and prospect.
The technological solutions to tunnel advancing automatic guiding system in this essay are presented based on massively drawing on the advantages of oversea automatic guiding system,and fully combining practice on domestic shield construction,with system mold reliable and practicable.Meanwhile the essay applies advanced method of project management into implementation management of systematic research,thus ensuring research of system with high quality.At present, the system has been applied in underground construction of many cities nationwide, its actual accuracy entirely reaching the level of the same kind overseas and its good and inexpensive feature receiving universal high appraisal.The essay aims to provide effective control on implementation of project using scientific reasonable technological solutions to the project combining project management method,to increase success rate of development project,to present certain reference experience for similar project research.
The research result of the essay receive subsidize from Eleventh Five-Year Plansubject 863 issued by National Ministry of Science and Technology--"key technology and sample manufacture of slurry balance shield",and mountain climbing scheme issued by Municipal Scientific and Technological Commission—"manufacture and application of large diameter slurry shield and combined shield"(No.06DZ11201 ), with Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co.in charge of both subjects.
引文
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[2]程毅.北方重工:加快国产化进程 成为世界级盾构机制造基地[EB/OL].:新华网辽宁频道,2007-10-14
[3]新民周刊.国产盾构先行号的新纪录[EB/OL].:新浪网,2006-11-15
[4]马伟.盾构机:正在出炉的大蛋糕?[J].中国机电工业,2006,(6):25-27.
[5]人民日报.国产盾构机地铁施工显神威[EB/OL].:中国城市建设信息网,2006-2-8
[6]上海市经济和信息化委员会.我国盾构技术的发展现状及市场前景[EB/OL].:上海市经济和信息化委员会网,2007-3-9
[7]潘明华.盾构自动导向系统的研究与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[8]岳秀平,郑金淼.盾构姿态自动监测系统开发与应用[J].中国市政工程,2004,(01):52-55.
[9]隧道股份.上海隧道工程股份有限公司简介[EB/OL].:隧道网,2008-4-29
[10]隧道股份.上海隧道工程股份有限公司发展战略[EB/OL].:隧道网,2005-10-18
[11]隧道股份.上海隧道工程股份有限公司地下工程核心技术原创的研发[EB/OL].:隧道网,2005-10-9
[12]德国VMT GmbH.SLS-T Manual[M].上海:德国VMT上海分公司,2005,6.
[13]梁岚.北方国际生产基地搬迁及扩建项目可行性研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005
[14]何峥.多媒体产品投资机会研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[15]瑞士莱卡测量仪器公司.GeoCOM Reference Manual[M].上海:莱卡测量仪器公司,2004,16.
[16]上海辉格科技发展有限公司.NS-15/P2型高精度双轴传感器说明书[M].上海:上海辉格科技发展有限公司,2006,3.
[17]管海波,黄敬前.项目生命周期对于项目管理的重要性[J].引进与咨询,2004,(11):45-47.
[18]徐效宁.基于UML的CTCS-2级列控车载设备的建模及实现[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008
[19]邹沿新.基于.net技术的综合型网站建设模型探讨[J].岳阳职业技术学院学报,2007,(06):82-84.
[20]张金忠.石烟易地技术改造管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008
[21]李兵.企业项目管理(EPM)的组织结构研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006
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