固液混合铸造ZA60合金显微组织及其性能的研究
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摘要
本文采用固液混合铸造技术制备了ZA60合金锭坯,研究了合金熔体过热度、粉末加入量和粉末粒度对ZA60合金显微组织的影响,优化了固液混合铸造ZA60合金的工艺参数;同时,对ZA60合金金属型铸造、半固态铸造和固液混合铸造三种铸造工艺下的合金的显微组织的变化规律进行了探讨;利用TCL金相分析软件对合金在不同的工艺条件下材料的平均晶粒度进行了测量,同时也利用软件对初生α相的体积分数进行了测量,对ZA60合金的物相进行了分析,最后对ZA60合金的硬度、室温拉伸性能和高温拉伸性能进行了研究。通过研究得出了以下结论:
1. ZA60金属型铸造的晶粒比较粗大,半固态铸造显微组织相对金属型铸造组织有一定程度的球化和细化,ZA60合金固液混合铸造合金组织相对其他两种工艺组织球化和细化程度是最好的,且组织比较均匀。在ZA60合金固液混合铸造过程中,分别研究了合金熔体过热度、粉末粒度和粉末加入量对合金显微组织的影响,考虑合金组织的细化和均匀性及宏观压铸质量,当合金熔体过热度为40℃、粉末粒度为-200～+400目及粉末加入量为40%的条件下,ZA60合金显微组织得到较好的细化和球化。
2.ZA60合金凝固过程中主要生成相有α(富Al)相、β(Al基固溶体)相、η(富Zn)相和ε(金属间化合物)相。ZA60合金金属型铸造、半固态铸造,固液混合铸造三种制备工艺中形成相的种类是完全一样,但是数量不同,金属型铸造初生α相数量最少,固液混合铸造最多。在ZA60合金固液混合铸造过程中,不同的参数时初生α相数量也有很大不同,合金熔体过热度越高,初生相越少;粉末加入量越多,初生α相数量越多;粉末越细,初生α相越多。初生α相数量不同主要跟合金凝固过程中的冷却速度有关,也与粉末加入增加了非均匀形核有一定关系。
3.ZA60合金的室温抗拉强度固液混合铸造最高(415Mpa),半固态铸造居中(360Mpa),金属型铸造最低(285Mpa),延伸率固液混合铸造最高(6.0%),半固态居中(3.5%),金属型最低(1.2%)。ZA60合金断裂属于脆性断裂,金属型铸造断口具有明显的解理断裂特征,半固态铸造和固液混合铸造断口上有解理台阶同时,也有少许撕裂棱,具有准解理断裂的特征。
4.ZA60合金固液混合铸造和半固态铸造的高温强度普遍低于金属型铸造的强度。在应变速率不变(6.67×10-5s-1)的情况下,随着温度的升高,高温强度呈现下降的趋势,在温度不变(200℃)的情况下,高温抗拉强度随着应变速率的增大而增大。ZA60合金高温拉伸断口分析,金属型铸造断裂方式属于沿晶断裂,半固态铸造断裂方式属于准解理断裂,固液混合铸造在不同的参数条件下,都表现出了解理断裂的特征,三种铸造工艺下材料的高温断裂都属于脆性断裂。
The ZA60 ingots were fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting technology, the microstrctures of ZA60 alloys were researched in different fusant degree of superheat、powder addition and powder particle size, and the technological parameters of solid-liquid mixed casting of ZA60 alloys were optimized. At the same time, the microstrctures evolution regularity of ZA60 alloys was discussed in metal casting、semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting; the average grain size and the volume fraction of primaryαphase were measured by using TCL metallographical analysis software. The phases of ZA60 alloys were analyzed. The hardness、room temperature tensile-strength and high temperature tensile-strength of ZA60 alloys were studied in the last. Through these studies, results were concluded as below:
1. The grain size of ZA60 alloys in metal-casting was larger than semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, the grain size of ZA60 alloys was refined and spheroidized in a certain extent in semi-solid casting, the grain size of ZA60 alloys in solid-liquid mixed casting was refined and spheroidized best, and morphology was homogeneous. The microstructures were studied in different technological parameters (fusant degree of superheat、power patical size、powder addition) in the process of solid-liquid mixed casting, considerations in grian size and uniformity, when the fusant degree of superheat was 40℃、the power patical size was -200～+400 mesh and the powder addition was 40% , the microstructures of ZA60 alloys were better refined and spheroidized.
2. The phases of ZA60 alloys included:α(aluminum rich)phase、β(Al base sosolid)phase、η(znic rich)phase andε(intermetallic compound)phase. The same phases were formed in metal-casting、semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, but the quantity of the phases was different, in the three casting techniques, the primaryαphase quantity in semi-solid casting was more than the metal-casting, in the solid-liquid mixed casting theαphase quantity was most. In the process of solid-liquid mixed casting, different technological parameters had important effect on primaryαphase, the higher the fusant degree of superheat was, the less the primaryαphase quantity; the more th powder addition was, the more the primaryαphase quantity was; the smaller the powder size was, the more the primaryαphase quantity was. The quantity of primaryαphase was relative to the cooling velocity of the solidification, at the same time, it was relative to increase of the nonuiform nucleation partical which was supplied by added powder.
3. The room-temperature tensile strength of ZA60 alloys which fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting was highest(415Mpa), semi-solid casting was higher(360Mpa), and the metal casting was lowest(285Mpa). Elongation of ZA60 alloys which fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting was highest(6.0%), semi-solid casting was higher(3.5%), and the metal casting was lowest(1.2%). The fracture mechanics of ZA60 alloys was brittle fracture, the cleavage feature existed in the fracture of metal casting, besides the cleavage setback existed in the fracture of semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, there were some tearing arris in the fracture, it had the feature of quasi-cleavage.
4. The high-temperature strength of the ZA60 alloys which was fabricated by metal-casting was higher than semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting. In the same rate of extension(6.67×10-5s-1), the higher the tensile temperature, the lower the tensile strength of ZA60 alloys was, in the same tensile temperature(200℃), the higher the rate of extension was, the higher the tensile strength of ZA60 alloys was. The fracture of ZA60 alloys of metal-casting was intercrystalline cracking、semi-solid casting was quasi-cleavage crack and the crack features of solid-liquid mixed casting was cleavage. They were brittle facture.
1. ZA60金属型铸造的晶粒比较粗大,半固态铸造显微组织相对金属型铸造组织有一定程度的球化和细化,ZA60合金固液混合铸造合金组织相对其他两种工艺组织球化和细化程度是最好的,且组织比较均匀。在ZA60合金固液混合铸造过程中,分别研究了合金熔体过热度、粉末粒度和粉末加入量对合金显微组织的影响,考虑合金组织的细化和均匀性及宏观压铸质量,当合金熔体过热度为40℃、粉末粒度为-200～+400目及粉末加入量为40%的条件下,ZA60合金显微组织得到较好的细化和球化。
2.ZA60合金凝固过程中主要生成相有α(富Al)相、β(Al基固溶体)相、η(富Zn)相和ε(金属间化合物)相。ZA60合金金属型铸造、半固态铸造,固液混合铸造三种制备工艺中形成相的种类是完全一样,但是数量不同,金属型铸造初生α相数量最少,固液混合铸造最多。在ZA60合金固液混合铸造过程中,不同的参数时初生α相数量也有很大不同,合金熔体过热度越高,初生相越少;粉末加入量越多,初生α相数量越多;粉末越细,初生α相越多。初生α相数量不同主要跟合金凝固过程中的冷却速度有关,也与粉末加入增加了非均匀形核有一定关系。
3.ZA60合金的室温抗拉强度固液混合铸造最高(415Mpa),半固态铸造居中(360Mpa),金属型铸造最低(285Mpa),延伸率固液混合铸造最高(6.0%),半固态居中(3.5%),金属型最低(1.2%)。ZA60合金断裂属于脆性断裂,金属型铸造断口具有明显的解理断裂特征,半固态铸造和固液混合铸造断口上有解理台阶同时,也有少许撕裂棱,具有准解理断裂的特征。
4.ZA60合金固液混合铸造和半固态铸造的高温强度普遍低于金属型铸造的强度。在应变速率不变(6.67×10-5s-1)的情况下,随着温度的升高,高温强度呈现下降的趋势,在温度不变(200℃)的情况下,高温抗拉强度随着应变速率的增大而增大。ZA60合金高温拉伸断口分析,金属型铸造断裂方式属于沿晶断裂,半固态铸造断裂方式属于准解理断裂,固液混合铸造在不同的参数条件下,都表现出了解理断裂的特征,三种铸造工艺下材料的高温断裂都属于脆性断裂。
The ZA60 ingots were fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting technology, the microstrctures of ZA60 alloys were researched in different fusant degree of superheat、powder addition and powder particle size, and the technological parameters of solid-liquid mixed casting of ZA60 alloys were optimized. At the same time, the microstrctures evolution regularity of ZA60 alloys was discussed in metal casting、semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting; the average grain size and the volume fraction of primaryαphase were measured by using TCL metallographical analysis software. The phases of ZA60 alloys were analyzed. The hardness、room temperature tensile-strength and high temperature tensile-strength of ZA60 alloys were studied in the last. Through these studies, results were concluded as below:
1. The grain size of ZA60 alloys in metal-casting was larger than semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, the grain size of ZA60 alloys was refined and spheroidized in a certain extent in semi-solid casting, the grain size of ZA60 alloys in solid-liquid mixed casting was refined and spheroidized best, and morphology was homogeneous. The microstructures were studied in different technological parameters (fusant degree of superheat、power patical size、powder addition) in the process of solid-liquid mixed casting, considerations in grian size and uniformity, when the fusant degree of superheat was 40℃、the power patical size was -200～+400 mesh and the powder addition was 40% , the microstructures of ZA60 alloys were better refined and spheroidized.
2. The phases of ZA60 alloys included:α(aluminum rich)phase、β(Al base sosolid)phase、η(znic rich)phase andε(intermetallic compound)phase. The same phases were formed in metal-casting、semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, but the quantity of the phases was different, in the three casting techniques, the primaryαphase quantity in semi-solid casting was more than the metal-casting, in the solid-liquid mixed casting theαphase quantity was most. In the process of solid-liquid mixed casting, different technological parameters had important effect on primaryαphase, the higher the fusant degree of superheat was, the less the primaryαphase quantity; the more th powder addition was, the more the primaryαphase quantity was; the smaller the powder size was, the more the primaryαphase quantity was. The quantity of primaryαphase was relative to the cooling velocity of the solidification, at the same time, it was relative to increase of the nonuiform nucleation partical which was supplied by added powder.
3. The room-temperature tensile strength of ZA60 alloys which fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting was highest(415Mpa), semi-solid casting was higher(360Mpa), and the metal casting was lowest(285Mpa). Elongation of ZA60 alloys which fabricated by solid-liquid mixed casting was highest(6.0%), semi-solid casting was higher(3.5%), and the metal casting was lowest(1.2%). The fracture mechanics of ZA60 alloys was brittle fracture, the cleavage feature existed in the fracture of metal casting, besides the cleavage setback existed in the fracture of semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting, there were some tearing arris in the fracture, it had the feature of quasi-cleavage.
4. The high-temperature strength of the ZA60 alloys which was fabricated by metal-casting was higher than semi-solid casting and solid-liquid mixed casting. In the same rate of extension(6.67×10-5s-1), the higher the tensile temperature, the lower the tensile strength of ZA60 alloys was, in the same tensile temperature(200℃), the higher the rate of extension was, the higher the tensile strength of ZA60 alloys was. The fracture of ZA60 alloys of metal-casting was intercrystalline cracking、semi-solid casting was quasi-cleavage crack and the crack features of solid-liquid mixed casting was cleavage. They were brittle facture.
引文
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