基于周期平稳特性的GPS自适应抗干扰技术研究
|
摘要
作为诸多卫星导航系统中在技术上最具典型性的全球定位系统(Global Positioning System ,简称GPS),无论在军事领域还是民用领域都获得了成功的应用。然而由于卫星离地球很远,到达地面的卫星信号电平相当低,使GPS很容易受到各种有意或者无意的干扰,引起接收机的失锁,无法正确地完成导航定位的功能。如何提高GPS系统的抗干扰能力已经成为当前军方及众多民用机构亟待解决的问题,因而展开GPS抗干扰技术的研究是十分必要的。
本文主要研究基于自适应阵列信号处理的GPS抗干扰方法。首先从理论上总结了已有的利用传统波束形成技术和盲波束形成技术所提出的GPS抗干扰方法。然后,利用GPS信号中C/A码的周期平稳特性的特性提出了一种用于干扰抑制的新算法。该算法将子空间投影、周期自适应波束形成(Cyclic Adaptive Beamforming,简称CAB)有机结合,能够实现对强干扰的抑制和有用信号的提取。同时,通过对共轭循环相关矩阵(Cyclic Conjugate Correlation Matrix,简称CCC矩阵)的结构分析,引入Hankel化预处理,可以有效地提高较低信噪比下算法的性能。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。最后,本文将空域处理方法扩展到空时二维处理,研究了GPS信号的周期平稳特性在空时自适应抗干扰中的应用。
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most typical satellite navigation system and has found wide applications in military and civilian fields. Since the satellite is far away from the earth, the power level of GPS signal arriving at the earth is so low that the GPS receiver is vulnerable to various kinds of intentional and unintentional interference and may lose lock to GPS signal. Hence it is necessary to incorporate interference suppression techniques in order to make sure the receiver can work well.
Array antenna based adaptive interference suppression algorithms are studied in this thesis. Firstly, several existing algorithms which use adaptive conventional beamforming or blind beamforming methods are overviewed. Secondly, a novel adaptive anti-jamming algorithm is proposed, which combines subspace projection, cyclic adaptive beamforming (CAB) algorithm. In addition, the structure of cyclic conjugate correlation matrix (CCC matrix) is analyzed and Hankel approximation method (HAM) is introduced to process the CCC matrix estimated by finite snapshots. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress the strong interference, extract the GPS signal and HAM can improve the performance of the proposed algorithm when SNR is relatively low. Finally, the space adaptive processing is extended to space-time adaptive processing by exploiting the cyclostationarity of GPS signal.
本文主要研究基于自适应阵列信号处理的GPS抗干扰方法。首先从理论上总结了已有的利用传统波束形成技术和盲波束形成技术所提出的GPS抗干扰方法。然后,利用GPS信号中C/A码的周期平稳特性的特性提出了一种用于干扰抑制的新算法。该算法将子空间投影、周期自适应波束形成(Cyclic Adaptive Beamforming,简称CAB)有机结合,能够实现对强干扰的抑制和有用信号的提取。同时,通过对共轭循环相关矩阵(Cyclic Conjugate Correlation Matrix,简称CCC矩阵)的结构分析,引入Hankel化预处理,可以有效地提高较低信噪比下算法的性能。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。最后,本文将空域处理方法扩展到空时二维处理,研究了GPS信号的周期平稳特性在空时自适应抗干扰中的应用。
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most typical satellite navigation system and has found wide applications in military and civilian fields. Since the satellite is far away from the earth, the power level of GPS signal arriving at the earth is so low that the GPS receiver is vulnerable to various kinds of intentional and unintentional interference and may lose lock to GPS signal. Hence it is necessary to incorporate interference suppression techniques in order to make sure the receiver can work well.
Array antenna based adaptive interference suppression algorithms are studied in this thesis. Firstly, several existing algorithms which use adaptive conventional beamforming or blind beamforming methods are overviewed. Secondly, a novel adaptive anti-jamming algorithm is proposed, which combines subspace projection, cyclic adaptive beamforming (CAB) algorithm. In addition, the structure of cyclic conjugate correlation matrix (CCC matrix) is analyzed and Hankel approximation method (HAM) is introduced to process the CCC matrix estimated by finite snapshots. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress the strong interference, extract the GPS signal and HAM can improve the performance of the proposed algorithm when SNR is relatively low. Finally, the space adaptive processing is extended to space-time adaptive processing by exploiting the cyclostationarity of GPS signal.
引文
[1] Javad, Nedda and Ashjaee. A GPS Tutorial[DB/OL]. www.topconps.com/gpstutorial/TOC.html, 1998.10.24
[2] Elliott D. Kaplan. GPS原理与应用[M]。北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[3] Lei Dong. IF GPS Signal Simulator Development and Verification[D]. UCGE Reports, No.20184
[4]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996
[5]袁建平,罗建军,岳晓奎等。卫星导航原理与应用[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2003
[6] Lei Dong. IF GPS Signal Simulator Development and Verification[D]. the University of Calgary, 2003
[7] Peter Rinder, Nicolaj Bertelsen. Design of a Single Frequency GPS Software Receiver
[8]熊志昂等.CPS技术的工程应用[M],第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[9]方有培,董尔令.对GPS制导导弹的有效干扰途径分析.航天电子对抗.2001(2):35-39
[10]蒋海丽,郑建生,潘慧.GPS接收机的抗干扰设计。航天电子对抗.2004(6):36-39
[11] Dignus-Jan Moelker and Edwin van der Pol. Adaptive antenna arrays for interference cancellation in GPS and Glonass receivers[C]. Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 1996. 191-198
[12] Fante R L, Vaccro J J. Wideband cancellation of interference in a GPS receive array [J]. IEEE Trans on AES, 2000. 36 (2):549-564.
[13] Wilbur L. Myrick ,Michael D. Zoltowski ,J. Scott Goldstein. GPS jammer suppression with low-sample support using reduced-rank power minimization[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing.2000:514 - 518
[14] Amin M G, Zhao Liang, Lindsey Alan R. Performance analysis of subspace projectiontechniques for anti-Jamming GPS using spatio-temporal interference signatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2001: 361-364
[15] Zhao Liang, Amin M G, Lindsey A R. Mitigation of periodic interferers in GPS receivers using subspace projection techniques[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (ISSPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, I3 - I6 August, 2001. 497-500
[16] Sun Wei, Amin M G. Interference suppression for GPS CA signal using antenna array[C]. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004. 929-932
[17] Sahmoudi. M., Amin M.G. Unitary Cyclic MUSIC for Direction Finding in GPS Receivers[C]. Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, 2006 IEEE Workshop. 70– 73
[18] Hwang Suk-seung, Cagley R E, Shynk J J. A blind interference canceler for GPS signals based on the CM array[C]. In: Proc. Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers, 2003(1). 192-196
[19] Hwang Suk-seung, Shynk J J. A blind adaptive GPS receiver based on a null desppreader[C]. In: Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005 IEEE 62nd, 2005, 2 (25-28). 895-898
[20] Capon J. High resolution frequency wave number spectrum analysis[J]. Pro. IEEE, 1969, 57: 1408-1418
[21] Schmidt R O. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1986, 34 (3): 276-280
[22] Compton R T. The Power-inversion Adaptive Array: Concept and Performance [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES, 1979, 15(6): 803– 814
[23] Kihira, K., Chiba, I. Power inversion adaptive array antenna for high power interference suppression in DS-CDMA system. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2000:1834-1838
[24] C. C. Ko. A fast least squares adaptive algorithm for tracking non-stationary environments in power inversion array [J] IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2000(48): 1811-1814
[25]王忠,黄顺吉.GPS抗干扰自适应圆阵性能的研究[J].电波科学学报,1997,12(4):448-452
[26] Lu Yan-e, Yang Jun, Ding Zi-ming, et al. The orthogonal weighted algorithm for GPS receiver anti-jamming[C]. In: CIE International conference on Radar. Oct. 2001. 1190-1194
[27]龚耀寰.自适应滤波—时域自适应滤波和智能天线[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[28] Agee B G, Schell S V, Gardner W A. Spectral self-coherence restoral: A new approach to blind adaptive signal extraction using antenna arrays[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, April 1990. 78 (4): 753-767
[29] Biedka T E. A method for reducing computations on cyclostationarity-exploiting beamforming[C]. In: Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. Michigan, USA, 1995. 5:1828-1831
[30] Schell S.V., Gardner W.A.. Programmable canonical correlation analysis: A flexible framework for blind adaptive spatial filtering[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1995,43(12):2898-2908
[31] Wu Q, Wong K M. Blind adaptive beamforming for cyclostationary signals[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1996, 44 (11): 2757-2767
[32] Luis C, Anibal R, Figueiras V. An Adaptive Beamforming Techniques based on Cyclostationary signal properties. IEEE Trans on SP, 1995, 43(7):1637-1650
[33]何振亚,陈宇欣.一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法[J].数据采集与处理,1999, 14(3):263-266
[34]陈宇欣,何振亚.基于特征结构提取的盲自适应波束形成算法[J].东南大学学报,1998,28(5):39-42
[35] Gardner W A. Statistical spectral analysis: A nonprobabilistic theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1987
[36]何振亚.自适应信号处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2002. 309-310
[37] Moeness G.Amin, Wei Sun. A Novel Interference Suppression Scheme for Global Navigation Satellite Systems Using Antenna Array. Self-Coherence Anti-Jamming GPSReceiver[J]. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications. 2005,53(10):3910-3915.
[38] Wei Huang, Dan Lu, Renbiao Wu, elt. A Novel Blind GPS Anti-jamming Algorithm Based on Subspace Technique[C]. International Conference of Signal Processing 2006, 447-450
[39]黄威.基于信号特征的GPS抗干扰技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:中国民航大学,2007
[40]高世伟,保铮.一种用于相干和不相干窄带信号源高分辨的广义信号子空间估计方法.电子学报,1990,18(4):42-48
[41]于宏毅,保铮.平稳过程循环相关处理的有限数据消失特性[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(2):133-136
[42] Zhigang Su, Dan Lu, Yingning Peng, et al. Direction of Arrival Estimation for GPS Signal via Toeplitz Approximating the Cross-correlation Matrix[C]. International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2007: 193-196
[43] Yung-Ting Lee ,Ju-Hong Lee. Direction-Finding Methods for Cyclostationary signals in the Presence of Coherent Sources[J]. IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation, 2001,49(12):1821-1826
[44] Chen Hui, Wang Yongliang, Wang Buhong, The Pre-processing Method Based on Signal Conjugate Cyclostationary[C]. IEEE antennas and propagation society international symposium.2003:280-283
[45]陈辉,王永良,皮兴宇.基于信号共轭循环平稳特性的算法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2007,26(2):213-219
[46]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,程翥等.GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰方法[J].通信学报,2003,24(9):93-101.
[2] Elliott D. Kaplan. GPS原理与应用[M]。北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[3] Lei Dong. IF GPS Signal Simulator Development and Verification[D]. UCGE Reports, No.20184
[4]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996
[5]袁建平,罗建军,岳晓奎等。卫星导航原理与应用[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2003
[6] Lei Dong. IF GPS Signal Simulator Development and Verification[D]. the University of Calgary, 2003
[7] Peter Rinder, Nicolaj Bertelsen. Design of a Single Frequency GPS Software Receiver
[8]熊志昂等.CPS技术的工程应用[M],第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[9]方有培,董尔令.对GPS制导导弹的有效干扰途径分析.航天电子对抗.2001(2):35-39
[10]蒋海丽,郑建生,潘慧.GPS接收机的抗干扰设计。航天电子对抗.2004(6):36-39
[11] Dignus-Jan Moelker and Edwin van der Pol. Adaptive antenna arrays for interference cancellation in GPS and Glonass receivers[C]. Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 1996. 191-198
[12] Fante R L, Vaccro J J. Wideband cancellation of interference in a GPS receive array [J]. IEEE Trans on AES, 2000. 36 (2):549-564.
[13] Wilbur L. Myrick ,Michael D. Zoltowski ,J. Scott Goldstein. GPS jammer suppression with low-sample support using reduced-rank power minimization[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing.2000:514 - 518
[14] Amin M G, Zhao Liang, Lindsey Alan R. Performance analysis of subspace projectiontechniques for anti-Jamming GPS using spatio-temporal interference signatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2001: 361-364
[15] Zhao Liang, Amin M G, Lindsey A R. Mitigation of periodic interferers in GPS receivers using subspace projection techniques[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (ISSPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, I3 - I6 August, 2001. 497-500
[16] Sun Wei, Amin M G. Interference suppression for GPS CA signal using antenna array[C]. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004. 929-932
[17] Sahmoudi. M., Amin M.G. Unitary Cyclic MUSIC for Direction Finding in GPS Receivers[C]. Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, 2006 IEEE Workshop. 70– 73
[18] Hwang Suk-seung, Cagley R E, Shynk J J. A blind interference canceler for GPS signals based on the CM array[C]. In: Proc. Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers, 2003(1). 192-196
[19] Hwang Suk-seung, Shynk J J. A blind adaptive GPS receiver based on a null desppreader[C]. In: Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005 IEEE 62nd, 2005, 2 (25-28). 895-898
[20] Capon J. High resolution frequency wave number spectrum analysis[J]. Pro. IEEE, 1969, 57: 1408-1418
[21] Schmidt R O. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1986, 34 (3): 276-280
[22] Compton R T. The Power-inversion Adaptive Array: Concept and Performance [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES, 1979, 15(6): 803– 814
[23] Kihira, K., Chiba, I. Power inversion adaptive array antenna for high power interference suppression in DS-CDMA system. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2000:1834-1838
[24] C. C. Ko. A fast least squares adaptive algorithm for tracking non-stationary environments in power inversion array [J] IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2000(48): 1811-1814
[25]王忠,黄顺吉.GPS抗干扰自适应圆阵性能的研究[J].电波科学学报,1997,12(4):448-452
[26] Lu Yan-e, Yang Jun, Ding Zi-ming, et al. The orthogonal weighted algorithm for GPS receiver anti-jamming[C]. In: CIE International conference on Radar. Oct. 2001. 1190-1194
[27]龚耀寰.自适应滤波—时域自适应滤波和智能天线[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[28] Agee B G, Schell S V, Gardner W A. Spectral self-coherence restoral: A new approach to blind adaptive signal extraction using antenna arrays[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, April 1990. 78 (4): 753-767
[29] Biedka T E. A method for reducing computations on cyclostationarity-exploiting beamforming[C]. In: Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. Michigan, USA, 1995. 5:1828-1831
[30] Schell S.V., Gardner W.A.. Programmable canonical correlation analysis: A flexible framework for blind adaptive spatial filtering[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing,1995,43(12):2898-2908
[31] Wu Q, Wong K M. Blind adaptive beamforming for cyclostationary signals[J]. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1996, 44 (11): 2757-2767
[32] Luis C, Anibal R, Figueiras V. An Adaptive Beamforming Techniques based on Cyclostationary signal properties. IEEE Trans on SP, 1995, 43(7):1637-1650
[33]何振亚,陈宇欣.一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法[J].数据采集与处理,1999, 14(3):263-266
[34]陈宇欣,何振亚.基于特征结构提取的盲自适应波束形成算法[J].东南大学学报,1998,28(5):39-42
[35] Gardner W A. Statistical spectral analysis: A nonprobabilistic theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1987
[36]何振亚.自适应信号处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2002. 309-310
[37] Moeness G.Amin, Wei Sun. A Novel Interference Suppression Scheme for Global Navigation Satellite Systems Using Antenna Array. Self-Coherence Anti-Jamming GPSReceiver[J]. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications. 2005,53(10):3910-3915.
[38] Wei Huang, Dan Lu, Renbiao Wu, elt. A Novel Blind GPS Anti-jamming Algorithm Based on Subspace Technique[C]. International Conference of Signal Processing 2006, 447-450
[39]黄威.基于信号特征的GPS抗干扰技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:中国民航大学,2007
[40]高世伟,保铮.一种用于相干和不相干窄带信号源高分辨的广义信号子空间估计方法.电子学报,1990,18(4):42-48
[41]于宏毅,保铮.平稳过程循环相关处理的有限数据消失特性[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(2):133-136
[42] Zhigang Su, Dan Lu, Yingning Peng, et al. Direction of Arrival Estimation for GPS Signal via Toeplitz Approximating the Cross-correlation Matrix[C]. International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2007: 193-196
[43] Yung-Ting Lee ,Ju-Hong Lee. Direction-Finding Methods for Cyclostationary signals in the Presence of Coherent Sources[J]. IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation, 2001,49(12):1821-1826
[44] Chen Hui, Wang Yongliang, Wang Buhong, The Pre-processing Method Based on Signal Conjugate Cyclostationary[C]. IEEE antennas and propagation society international symposium.2003:280-283
[45]陈辉,王永良,皮兴宇.基于信号共轭循环平稳特性的算法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2007,26(2):213-219
[46]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,程翥等.GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰方法[J].通信学报,2003,24(9):93-101.