汽车散热器用Al-Mn-RE合金制备及组织与耐蚀性研究
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摘要
变形铝锰系合金的突出特点是耐蚀、导热、导电性能好,具有优良的加工与焊接等性能,被广泛地应用于散热器材料中。但是随着汽车工业的发展,传统牌号的铝锰合金已不能满足铝制散热器越来越苛刻的性能要求。本文采用传统铸造方法在一定成分铝锰合金中加入以铈为主的混合型稀土,熔炼了0～0.32wt.%系列稀土含量的Al-Mn-RE合金,并进行了均匀化退火、冷轧和再结晶退火,对不同处理状态的合金采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射仪进行了组织和物相的分析,并分别采用电化学腐蚀和化学浸泡方法考察了稀土含量及冷变形对合金耐蚀性的影响。
实验结果表明,稀土元素在含量低于0.3wt.%时,对于微观组织有细化作用,并且稀土含量为0.18wt.%时,效果最好;当稀土含量高于0.3wt.%时,微观组织出现了明显的增多和粗化现象。Al-Mn-RE合金共晶组织主要为基体Al固溶体与(FeMn)Al6相,稀土的添加促进了(FeMn)Al6相的生成,减轻了Fe在固溶体中的有害作用及Mn的偏析,但是(FeMn)Al6相过多时,会降低合金的力学性能,并使合金耐蚀性下降;同时,稀土含量为0.32wt.%的Al-Mn-RE合金有大块难熔稀土化合物生成,会造成合金力学性能和耐蚀性变差。因此必须控制稀土的含量不超过0.3wt.%。
变形后的Al-Mn-0.1%RE合金在退火温度低于400℃时发生回复,400℃开始发生再结晶,480℃再结晶完全,520℃后新的晶粒相互吞并长大,在某些区域出现了晶粒异常长大。稀土元素的添加使Al-Mn合金再结晶过程提前,并且可以细化再结晶晶粒。
Al-Mn合金中加入适量稀土可提高合金耐蚀性,稀土含量低于0.3wt.%时,在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性优于不含稀土的Al-Mn合金,并且稀土含量约为0.2wt.%时的Al-Mn-RE合金耐蚀性最好;当Al-Mn-RE合金中稀土含量高于0.3wt.%时,其耐蚀性变差。同时研究发现冷变形会使Al-Mn-RE合金在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性变差。
The wrought Al-Mn alloy has been widely used in the radiators because of its many good properties, such as the excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, machining and welding performance, etc. But with the development of automotive industry, the traditional grade of Al-Mn alloy can not be satisfied with the growing performance requirements of the radiators. In this paper, rare-earth element was employed into the certain composition of Al-Mn alloys, and a series of Al-Mn-RE alloys with the content of rare-earth from 0～0.32wt.% were casted. The microstructure, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the Al-Mn-RE alloys were characterized in the states of homogenized annealing, normal temperature rolling and recrystallized annealing.
The results showed that when the content of rare-earth element in Al-Mn-RE alloys was less than 0.3wt.%, the microstructure was refined, and the best structure refinement of the Al-Mn-RE alloys was obtained at 0.18wt.%RE; when the content of rare-earth element in Al-Mn-RE alloys was more than 0.3wt.%, the microstructure was coarsened. The eutectic structure of Al-Mn-RE alloys was solid solution Al and phase (FeMn)Al6. The rare-earth element can increase the content of phase (FeMn)Al6 in the eutectic, and can also reduce the harmful effects of Fe in solid solution and segregation of Mn. But with excess content of phase (FeMn)Al6, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance properties of Al-Mn-RE alloys reduced. At the same time, coarse rare-earth compounds appear when rare-earth element excessively added, resulting in the reduction of the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Al-Mn-RE alloys. So the content of rare-earth element must be controlled no more than 0.3wt.%.
The deformed Al-Mn-0.1%RE alloys occurred recovery when annealing temperature below 400℃; recrystallization process began at 400℃and completed at 480℃. The grain began grewing at 520℃, and the abnormal grain growth may occurred in some region of alloys. The addition of rare-earth element accelerated the recrystallization process and the recrystallization grain was refined.
Rare-earth element had beneficial function for raising corrosion resistance of Al-Mn-RE alloys in NaCl solution when the content of RE was less than 0.3wt.%, and its best additive quantity was about 0.2wt.%. But corrosion resistance of Al-Mn-RE alloys was deteriorated when the content of RE was more than 0.3wt.%. It was also found that the deformation of the alloy worsened the corrosion resistance.
实验结果表明,稀土元素在含量低于0.3wt.%时,对于微观组织有细化作用,并且稀土含量为0.18wt.%时,效果最好;当稀土含量高于0.3wt.%时,微观组织出现了明显的增多和粗化现象。Al-Mn-RE合金共晶组织主要为基体Al固溶体与(FeMn)Al6相,稀土的添加促进了(FeMn)Al6相的生成,减轻了Fe在固溶体中的有害作用及Mn的偏析,但是(FeMn)Al6相过多时,会降低合金的力学性能,并使合金耐蚀性下降;同时,稀土含量为0.32wt.%的Al-Mn-RE合金有大块难熔稀土化合物生成,会造成合金力学性能和耐蚀性变差。因此必须控制稀土的含量不超过0.3wt.%。
变形后的Al-Mn-0.1%RE合金在退火温度低于400℃时发生回复,400℃开始发生再结晶,480℃再结晶完全,520℃后新的晶粒相互吞并长大,在某些区域出现了晶粒异常长大。稀土元素的添加使Al-Mn合金再结晶过程提前,并且可以细化再结晶晶粒。
Al-Mn合金中加入适量稀土可提高合金耐蚀性,稀土含量低于0.3wt.%时,在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性优于不含稀土的Al-Mn合金,并且稀土含量约为0.2wt.%时的Al-Mn-RE合金耐蚀性最好;当Al-Mn-RE合金中稀土含量高于0.3wt.%时,其耐蚀性变差。同时研究发现冷变形会使Al-Mn-RE合金在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性变差。
The wrought Al-Mn alloy has been widely used in the radiators because of its many good properties, such as the excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, machining and welding performance, etc. But with the development of automotive industry, the traditional grade of Al-Mn alloy can not be satisfied with the growing performance requirements of the radiators. In this paper, rare-earth element was employed into the certain composition of Al-Mn alloys, and a series of Al-Mn-RE alloys with the content of rare-earth from 0～0.32wt.% were casted. The microstructure, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the Al-Mn-RE alloys were characterized in the states of homogenized annealing, normal temperature rolling and recrystallized annealing.
The results showed that when the content of rare-earth element in Al-Mn-RE alloys was less than 0.3wt.%, the microstructure was refined, and the best structure refinement of the Al-Mn-RE alloys was obtained at 0.18wt.%RE; when the content of rare-earth element in Al-Mn-RE alloys was more than 0.3wt.%, the microstructure was coarsened. The eutectic structure of Al-Mn-RE alloys was solid solution Al and phase (FeMn)Al6. The rare-earth element can increase the content of phase (FeMn)Al6 in the eutectic, and can also reduce the harmful effects of Fe in solid solution and segregation of Mn. But with excess content of phase (FeMn)Al6, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance properties of Al-Mn-RE alloys reduced. At the same time, coarse rare-earth compounds appear when rare-earth element excessively added, resulting in the reduction of the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Al-Mn-RE alloys. So the content of rare-earth element must be controlled no more than 0.3wt.%.
The deformed Al-Mn-0.1%RE alloys occurred recovery when annealing temperature below 400℃; recrystallization process began at 400℃and completed at 480℃. The grain began grewing at 520℃, and the abnormal grain growth may occurred in some region of alloys. The addition of rare-earth element accelerated the recrystallization process and the recrystallization grain was refined.
Rare-earth element had beneficial function for raising corrosion resistance of Al-Mn-RE alloys in NaCl solution when the content of RE was less than 0.3wt.%, and its best additive quantity was about 0.2wt.%. But corrosion resistance of Al-Mn-RE alloys was deteriorated when the content of RE was more than 0.3wt.%. It was also found that the deformation of the alloy worsened the corrosion resistance.
引文
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