小型高效风光互补电源的研究
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摘要
在能源日趋紧张的当前,党和国家大力推行“节能减排”和“大力开发绿色新能源”的政策,本课题针对贵州偏远山区因地理条件的特殊性、用户的分散性和经济条件的相对落后所造成的电网供电困难或供电成本过高等问题,结合贵州偏远山区风能和太阳能资源不突出、用户用电功率小的特点,提出了适用于贵州山区的小型高效风光互补电源的研究思想和设计方案,研究设计出一套风光资源互补、资源利用率较高、成本较低、使用寿命长、控制简单、便于优化的风光电源系统。本系统在有效控制成本的前提下,高效地利用本地自然资源进行发电,对节能和能源开发、对解决偏远山区和小型用户的用电问题、对加速地方经济建设、对社会和谐稳定发展等都具有重要意义,其研究成果具有良好的实用价值和推广价值。
本文在分析了传统风光发电系统的基础上,提出了新型的互补组合方式,设计了基于UC3842芯片PWM控制的单端正激型DC/DC转换器,并在此基础上实现了控制最为简单的恒压式(CVT)最大功率跟踪(MPPT)方式,使控制系统简单化,成本得到有效控制;同时,为了有效增大蓄电池的使用寿命,本文采用分只同时均充、分只分时检测的充放电管理方式,设计了基于L4960芯片的隔离式均充模块和基于温度补偿的分只检测模块,并在此基础上选用了性价比较高的FX系列PLC作为控制器,本文还对控制器的循检均充和检测保护两大功能进行了程序设计,并在GX Simulator中进行了循环检测的程序仿真,效果良好;为了使本设计的产品化阶段易于实现风光发电设备的优化匹配,能够收集各地风光资源情况,本文还通过对三菱FX1N系列PLC通讯协议的分析,进行了基于VB语言MSComm插件的系统通讯功能设计,使系统完成了与上位机的通讯功能,实现了风光资源数据的采集和管理,为设计成果的产品化研究提供了的理论支撑。
本课题研究获得的成果有:完成了基于UC3842芯片的单端正激DC/DC变换器的设计;完成了对PLC主控制器的软硬件设计;完成了系统的附加通讯功能设计。
With the growth of the tension in the current energy, the government vigorously promotes the policy of "energy-saving emission reduction" and "vigorously develop new energy". In the text, we have made a thinking and design of efficient and miniature wind-light hybrid power that applicable to the small mountain, for the particularity of remote mountainous areas in Guizhou due to geographical conditions, for the high cost because of the dispersion and economic conditions, and combined with the characteristic of small power and lack of wind and solar. And we have designed a wind-light hybrid power system that higher resource utilization, lower cost, longer life, simpler control, easier to optimization of the scenery of the power system. In the premise of effective cost control, the system efficient use of local natural resources to generate electricity. In this way, it is of great significance to energy conservation and energy development, to solve the electricity problems of remote mountainous areas and small users, to accelerate local economic construction and social harmony and stability on the development and its research results has a good practical value and promote the value.
Based on the analysis of the traditional wind-light hybrid power systems, this text suggests a new combination manner. In the text, we have designed a DC / DC converter based on the UC3842 PWM chip and the single-ended forward power type, and have achieved the control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using constant voltage cracking (CVT), so that can achieve simple controlling and cost-effective. At the same time, in order to effectively increase the battery life, in the paper we have used the management of charging the single battery at the same time and testing the single battery at the time-sharing, and have designed the single battery test module which based on the isolated L4960 chips modules and temperature compensation, and have chosen the FX series PLC as a controller. On the other hand, in the paper we also have designed the program for controller on the charging module and protect module, and have made simulation in GX Simulator, and the result is wonderful. In order to enable the design of optimization the power generation equipment, and to collect the wind and solar energy resources, we also have analyses the Mitsubishi FX1N series PLC communication protocol, have designed the communications system based on the Visual Basic language MSComm plug-ins.
The results of the design: the design of DC / DC converter based on UC3842 chips and the single-ended forward power type; the design of hardware and software of master controller; the design of the additional communications system.
本文在分析了传统风光发电系统的基础上,提出了新型的互补组合方式,设计了基于UC3842芯片PWM控制的单端正激型DC/DC转换器,并在此基础上实现了控制最为简单的恒压式(CVT)最大功率跟踪(MPPT)方式,使控制系统简单化,成本得到有效控制;同时,为了有效增大蓄电池的使用寿命,本文采用分只同时均充、分只分时检测的充放电管理方式,设计了基于L4960芯片的隔离式均充模块和基于温度补偿的分只检测模块,并在此基础上选用了性价比较高的FX系列PLC作为控制器,本文还对控制器的循检均充和检测保护两大功能进行了程序设计,并在GX Simulator中进行了循环检测的程序仿真,效果良好;为了使本设计的产品化阶段易于实现风光发电设备的优化匹配,能够收集各地风光资源情况,本文还通过对三菱FX1N系列PLC通讯协议的分析,进行了基于VB语言MSComm插件的系统通讯功能设计,使系统完成了与上位机的通讯功能,实现了风光资源数据的采集和管理,为设计成果的产品化研究提供了的理论支撑。
本课题研究获得的成果有:完成了基于UC3842芯片的单端正激DC/DC变换器的设计;完成了对PLC主控制器的软硬件设计;完成了系统的附加通讯功能设计。
With the growth of the tension in the current energy, the government vigorously promotes the policy of "energy-saving emission reduction" and "vigorously develop new energy". In the text, we have made a thinking and design of efficient and miniature wind-light hybrid power that applicable to the small mountain, for the particularity of remote mountainous areas in Guizhou due to geographical conditions, for the high cost because of the dispersion and economic conditions, and combined with the characteristic of small power and lack of wind and solar. And we have designed a wind-light hybrid power system that higher resource utilization, lower cost, longer life, simpler control, easier to optimization of the scenery of the power system. In the premise of effective cost control, the system efficient use of local natural resources to generate electricity. In this way, it is of great significance to energy conservation and energy development, to solve the electricity problems of remote mountainous areas and small users, to accelerate local economic construction and social harmony and stability on the development and its research results has a good practical value and promote the value.
Based on the analysis of the traditional wind-light hybrid power systems, this text suggests a new combination manner. In the text, we have designed a DC / DC converter based on the UC3842 PWM chip and the single-ended forward power type, and have achieved the control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using constant voltage cracking (CVT), so that can achieve simple controlling and cost-effective. At the same time, in order to effectively increase the battery life, in the paper we have used the management of charging the single battery at the same time and testing the single battery at the time-sharing, and have designed the single battery test module which based on the isolated L4960 chips modules and temperature compensation, and have chosen the FX series PLC as a controller. On the other hand, in the paper we also have designed the program for controller on the charging module and protect module, and have made simulation in GX Simulator, and the result is wonderful. In order to enable the design of optimization the power generation equipment, and to collect the wind and solar energy resources, we also have analyses the Mitsubishi FX1N series PLC communication protocol, have designed the communications system based on the Visual Basic language MSComm plug-ins.
The results of the design: the design of DC / DC converter based on UC3842 chips and the single-ended forward power type; the design of hardware and software of master controller; the design of the additional communications system.
引文
[1]三菱公司.FX通讯用户手册[Z].上海.2001.
[2]三菱机电.可编程控制器FX系列[Z].上海.2002.
[3]于同双.铅酸蓄电池行业现状分析及对策[J].蓄电池,1999(4)
[4]于智勇,季秉厚编著.小型风力发电机[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002(1版).17-20.
[5]卞松江.变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[6]孔泽明,孙际明.开关电源稳压器—L4960的原理及应用[J].甘肃科学学报,1997,(12).
[7]王力.Visual Basic程序设计教程[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2001,(2)1-6.124-125.
[8]王金辉.温度补偿在自然伽马仪中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表,2006,(10):58-60.
[9]王贵长,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.31-40
[10]王鹤,杨宏等.延长阀控密封铅酸蓄电池寿命研究——过充电保护与温度补偿特性[J].电源技术,2001,(3):206-207.
[11]世界能源理事会编.新的可再生能源[Z].1998年04月第1版.1-3
[12]刘会勇.全自动PLC蓄电池组均充管理系统[D].贵阳:贵州工业大学,2004.21-23.
[13]孙传友,孙晓斌等.感测技术与系统设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[14]何洪涛.功率MOSFET在开关电源中的应用[J].世界电子元器件,1997,(8):73-75.
[15]张占松,蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.16-20
[16]李琰,郭宗仁等.PLC与计算机间串行通讯方式及程序设计[J].控制工程,2002,(5)
[17]杜谦,郗小林.加快我国风电产业发展的对策建议[J].中国软科学,2001,(10):9-15
[18]杨苹,杨金明,刘永强,张昊,吴捷.分散式风力-太阳能混合发电系统的研制[J].能源技术,2002,(6).
[19]杨凌.中国铅酸蓄电池行业的发展及趋势[J].世界有色金属,1999.11
[20]杨继光,马丽娟等.电池技术的发展及展望[J].宁夏工程技术,2003.8
[21]陈红雨,吴玲,任超.从欧洲蓄电池会议看国外铅酸蓄电池的研究动态[J].蓄电池,2000.6
[22]陈杰.智能铅酸蓄电池组性能的监控系统[J].机电工程,2005.6
[23]陈胜洋,武立军,李红.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的现状与前景电池[J],蓄电池,2003, 33:190-192
[24]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用电路[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.187-190
[25]郑贵林,李金召.一种新型直流屏蓄电池监控系统[J].电力自动化设备,2005.1
[26]郑康,潘再平.变速恒频风力发电系统中的风力机模拟[J].机电工程,2003.20
[27]钟肇新,彭侃编译.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1999.192-201.
[28]唐明明.蓄电池组智能充放电系统及其集群控制[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.5
[29]徐曼珍.现代通信电源系统智能监控模块对蓄电池的管理[J],交流与探讨,2004,(1):10-15.
[30]臧俊霞.便携式小型风力发电机的结构优化设计[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2002.3
[31]冀捐灶,雷洪利等.利用L4970A实现的某半导体制冷装置电源[J].电子技术,2001.1.
[32]Bogdan S.Borowy.Optimum Photovoltaic Array Size for a Hybrid Wind/PV System[J],IEEE Trans Energy Conversion,1994.3.
[33]Chiasson J.N.,Tolbert L.M.,McKenzie K.J.Zhong Du.A unified approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations in multilevel converters,Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,Volume:19,Issue:2,March 2004,Pages:478-490
[34]Eftichios Koutroulis,Kostas Kalaitzkis,Voulgaris C.Development of a microcontroller-based,photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2001,16(1)
[35]GX Developer Ver.7/Simulator Ver.6操作手册[Z],2002三菱电机株式会社
[36]Kedare.S.B,Date.A.W.Performance characteristics of a reciprocating wind machine[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industria Aerodynamics,1999.
[37]Michael.J.Pont.Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems-Building reliable applications with the 8051 family of microcontrollers.The US:Addison Wesley Press.2004.6,96-120
[38]P.E.Payne.Hybrid Alternate Energy Systems[J].American Chemical Society Catalog,1979.
[39]Toshihiko Noguchi,Shigenori Togashi,Ryo Nakamoto,"Short-Current-Pulse Based Adaptive Maximum-Power-Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Power Generation System"
[2]三菱机电.可编程控制器FX系列[Z].上海.2002.
[3]于同双.铅酸蓄电池行业现状分析及对策[J].蓄电池,1999(4)
[4]于智勇,季秉厚编著.小型风力发电机[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002(1版).17-20.
[5]卞松江.变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[6]孔泽明,孙际明.开关电源稳压器—L4960的原理及应用[J].甘肃科学学报,1997,(12).
[7]王力.Visual Basic程序设计教程[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2001,(2)1-6.124-125.
[8]王金辉.温度补偿在自然伽马仪中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表,2006,(10):58-60.
[9]王贵长,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.31-40
[10]王鹤,杨宏等.延长阀控密封铅酸蓄电池寿命研究——过充电保护与温度补偿特性[J].电源技术,2001,(3):206-207.
[11]世界能源理事会编.新的可再生能源[Z].1998年04月第1版.1-3
[12]刘会勇.全自动PLC蓄电池组均充管理系统[D].贵阳:贵州工业大学,2004.21-23.
[13]孙传友,孙晓斌等.感测技术与系统设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[14]何洪涛.功率MOSFET在开关电源中的应用[J].世界电子元器件,1997,(8):73-75.
[15]张占松,蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.16-20
[16]李琰,郭宗仁等.PLC与计算机间串行通讯方式及程序设计[J].控制工程,2002,(5)
[17]杜谦,郗小林.加快我国风电产业发展的对策建议[J].中国软科学,2001,(10):9-15
[18]杨苹,杨金明,刘永强,张昊,吴捷.分散式风力-太阳能混合发电系统的研制[J].能源技术,2002,(6).
[19]杨凌.中国铅酸蓄电池行业的发展及趋势[J].世界有色金属,1999.11
[20]杨继光,马丽娟等.电池技术的发展及展望[J].宁夏工程技术,2003.8
[21]陈红雨,吴玲,任超.从欧洲蓄电池会议看国外铅酸蓄电池的研究动态[J].蓄电池,2000.6
[22]陈杰.智能铅酸蓄电池组性能的监控系统[J].机电工程,2005.6
[23]陈胜洋,武立军,李红.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的现状与前景电池[J],蓄电池,2003, 33:190-192
[24]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用电路[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.187-190
[25]郑贵林,李金召.一种新型直流屏蓄电池监控系统[J].电力自动化设备,2005.1
[26]郑康,潘再平.变速恒频风力发电系统中的风力机模拟[J].机电工程,2003.20
[27]钟肇新,彭侃编译.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1999.192-201.
[28]唐明明.蓄电池组智能充放电系统及其集群控制[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.5
[29]徐曼珍.现代通信电源系统智能监控模块对蓄电池的管理[J],交流与探讨,2004,(1):10-15.
[30]臧俊霞.便携式小型风力发电机的结构优化设计[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2002.3
[31]冀捐灶,雷洪利等.利用L4970A实现的某半导体制冷装置电源[J].电子技术,2001.1.
[32]Bogdan S.Borowy.Optimum Photovoltaic Array Size for a Hybrid Wind/PV System[J],IEEE Trans Energy Conversion,1994.3.
[33]Chiasson J.N.,Tolbert L.M.,McKenzie K.J.Zhong Du.A unified approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations in multilevel converters,Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,Volume:19,Issue:2,March 2004,Pages:478-490
[34]Eftichios Koutroulis,Kostas Kalaitzkis,Voulgaris C.Development of a microcontroller-based,photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2001,16(1)
[35]GX Developer Ver.7/Simulator Ver.6操作手册[Z],2002三菱电机株式会社
[36]Kedare.S.B,Date.A.W.Performance characteristics of a reciprocating wind machine[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industria Aerodynamics,1999.
[37]Michael.J.Pont.Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems-Building reliable applications with the 8051 family of microcontrollers.The US:Addison Wesley Press.2004.6,96-120
[38]P.E.Payne.Hybrid Alternate Energy Systems[J].American Chemical Society Catalog,1979.
[39]Toshihiko Noguchi,Shigenori Togashi,Ryo Nakamoto,"Short-Current-Pulse Based Adaptive Maximum-Power-Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Power Generation System"