上海市城乡配电网数据采集与故障诊断系统研究与设计
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摘要
传统的电网事故判断的研究都是在从SCADA系统中提取开关和保护信息基础上进行的,但实际上SCADA系统采集的信息相当不全,而专门用于分析故障的自动装置——故障录波器采集的信息和处理的结果只作为事故后分析故障,没有在实时诊断事故中发挥作用,因此研究配电网数据采集和故障诊断系统,对全国各地纷纷对城网和农网进行了改造有着重要的实际意义。本文以结合上海市某地段的10kV电网改造作为课题研究背景,对10kV电网SCADA系统数据采集和通信方案进行详细的设计,并对故障诊断系统进行深入的研究。
本文首先结合上海市某地段的电网SCADA结构,并对10kV电网D-SCADA系统配置及功能要求进行了详细的分析；然后研究该配电自动化网络数据采集系统的组成结构,对各个采集模块进行详细的分析,同时按照配网通信的特点和结构层次,进行了各层通信规范的选择和设计。在故障诊断软件设计方面采用双通道的SCADA系统和故障信息系统,系统结构采用专家系统技术,分层分布式设计,本着充分利用各种故障信息的思想,利用正反向混合推理的控制策略,由动作开关和保护信息进行正向数据驱动,然后根据专家规则进行反向推理验证,同时结合故障录波的信息,最后给出详细、明确的诊断结果及设备评估状态。与传统的电网故障诊断系统相比,该系统不论在实时性、智能性、可靠性,还是在灵活性方面都有了显著的提高。
Traditional researches on power system failure are based on the switch and protection information from SCDA system. Such information, however, is considerably incomplete, and fault recorder, an ad hoc automatic data processor which offers reference information to post-accident analysis, cannot act as a real-time fault diagnosis device. Therefore, the data collection and fault diagnosis system plays an important role in the rebuilding of urban and rural networks in China. Based on the renovation of a lOkV power system in a certain part of Shanghai, this paper makes detailed design on data collection and communication of SCADA system, and performs profound researches on fault diagnosis system.
Firstly, this paper conducts detailed analysis on the configuration and function of D-SCADA system on the basis of SCDA structure for a lOkV network in a certain part of Shanghai. Secondly, it starts researching on the infrastructure of the automatic network data collection system and explicates all the collection modules. This paper also defines information exchange regulations for various layers of this power system according to its communication and structural characteristics. We've adopted bi-channel SCDA system and fault information system in terms of software design. With expert system technology and layered design, these systems perform integrated forward and backward inference so as to make the best of all the fault information. Forward data drive is launched by switch and protection information, and backward inference is conducted according to expert system regulations. At the same time, we take a reference to the data from fault recorder so as to submit detailed and distinct analysis and appliance assessment. SCADA, the real-time fault diagnosis system, seems more flexible, intelligent, and reliable versus its traditional peer.
本文首先结合上海市某地段的电网SCADA结构,并对10kV电网D-SCADA系统配置及功能要求进行了详细的分析；然后研究该配电自动化网络数据采集系统的组成结构,对各个采集模块进行详细的分析,同时按照配网通信的特点和结构层次,进行了各层通信规范的选择和设计。在故障诊断软件设计方面采用双通道的SCADA系统和故障信息系统,系统结构采用专家系统技术,分层分布式设计,本着充分利用各种故障信息的思想,利用正反向混合推理的控制策略,由动作开关和保护信息进行正向数据驱动,然后根据专家规则进行反向推理验证,同时结合故障录波的信息,最后给出详细、明确的诊断结果及设备评估状态。与传统的电网故障诊断系统相比,该系统不论在实时性、智能性、可靠性,还是在灵活性方面都有了显著的提高。
Traditional researches on power system failure are based on the switch and protection information from SCDA system. Such information, however, is considerably incomplete, and fault recorder, an ad hoc automatic data processor which offers reference information to post-accident analysis, cannot act as a real-time fault diagnosis device. Therefore, the data collection and fault diagnosis system plays an important role in the rebuilding of urban and rural networks in China. Based on the renovation of a lOkV power system in a certain part of Shanghai, this paper makes detailed design on data collection and communication of SCADA system, and performs profound researches on fault diagnosis system.
Firstly, this paper conducts detailed analysis on the configuration and function of D-SCADA system on the basis of SCDA structure for a lOkV network in a certain part of Shanghai. Secondly, it starts researching on the infrastructure of the automatic network data collection system and explicates all the collection modules. This paper also defines information exchange regulations for various layers of this power system according to its communication and structural characteristics. We've adopted bi-channel SCDA system and fault information system in terms of software design. With expert system technology and layered design, these systems perform integrated forward and backward inference so as to make the best of all the fault information. Forward data drive is launched by switch and protection information, and backward inference is conducted according to expert system regulations. At the same time, we take a reference to the data from fault recorder so as to submit detailed and distinct analysis and appliance assessment. SCADA, the real-time fault diagnosis system, seems more flexible, intelligent, and reliable versus its traditional peer.
引文
[1]刘键等编著.城乡电网建设与改造指南[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2001
[2]顾锦汉,张步林.配电自动化[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(5)： 21-23
[3]土明俊,于尔铿,刘广.配电系统自动化及其发展[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[4]范明天,张祖平.探讨国内实现配电自动化的一些基本问题[M].烟台：配电网自动化分专委会成立暨第一届学术交流会议论文集,1998：45-78
[5]徐腊元.我国配电自动化的现状及发展方向[M].烟台：配电网自动化分专委会成立暨第一届学术交流会议论文集,1998：79-95
[6]田进章.浅谈配电自动化系统中的通信系统[J].河北电力技术,1999,28(4)19-22
[7]方富淇.配电网自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000
[8]王士政.电网调度自动化与配网自动化技术[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[9]李辛雅,李南郁.配电网自动化系统的通信技术[J].电力系统通信,1998,12(1)：23-24
[10]葛俊,童陆园,马晓强.配电系统综合自动化的发展及构想[J].电力学报,1998,4(11)：13-15
[11]国家电力公司关于加快城市电力网建设改造的若干意见1998
[12]《配电自动化系统功能规范》行业标准
[13]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T721-2000配电网自动化系统远方终端
[14]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T814-2002配电自动化系统功能规范
[15]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会UL／Z790.11-2001采用配电线载波的配电自动化,第1部分：总则,第一篇：配电自动化系统的体系结构
[16]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T630-1997交流采样远方终端技术条件
[17]张明君,等.电力系统微机继电保护[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002
[18]杜一.基于故障录波信息的输电网络故障诊断系统研究[D].上海交通大学硕士论文,2003
[19]王廷良.配电自动化系统终端的现状及发展方向.电力设备[J],2004,5(12)：53-56
[20]卢林国.配电自动化系统实时数据采集范围探讨.贵州电力技术[J],2004,7(10)：18-19
[21]雷宇凌,雷宇壮,聂芳.GPRS技术在配电自动化中应用研究.供用电[J].2006,23(1)：31-32
[22]唐爱红,程时杰.配电网自动化通信系统的分析与研究.高电压技术[J],2005,31(5)：73-75
[23]祁兵,孙毅,赵泰.配电网络数据库的设计方案.现代电力[J].2004,21(5)： 88-91
[24]孙才新等.电力地理信息系统及其在配电网中的应用.科学出版社[M].2003
[25]IEC61334采用配电线载波的配电自动化
[26]DL／T 599-1996城市中低压配电网改造技术导则
[27]DL／T 721-2000配电网自动化系统远方终端
[28]国家电网公司系统.县城电网建设与改造技术导则.2003
[29]文晨.在ObjectARX中嵌入CLIPS的技术实现.计算机工程与应用.2003,1：121-122
[30]何利,王厚军.基于知识的故障诊断系统的设计.计算机测量与控制.2002,10(5)：322-323
[31]崔彦平,王秉仁.基于神经网络的综合智能故障诊断专家系统.机电一体化.2003,4：102-105
[32]余涛,王晶.分布式水电机故障诊断集成专家系统的研究.动力工程.2002,22(4)：1902-1907
[33]赵冬梅,张冬英.分层分布式电网故障诊断专家系统设计.现代电力.2001,18(3)： 41-46
[34]钟明,王钦友.在C++Builder中实现串口的字节通信方式.微型电脑应用.2003,19(11)：48-49
[35]钟明,王钦友.基于DLL方式的C++Builder和CLIPS混合编程开发专家系统的方法.机电工程.2004,3
[36]王钦友,钟明,刘玉梅.高压输电线路的远程监控与智能故障诊断方法.2003年国际控制与自动化会议论文集,2003
[37]王钦友,刘玉梅.输电线路运行状态监测过程的专家系统控制.2001中国控制与决策学术年会论文集.东北大学出版社,2001,5：1120-1124
[38]王钦友,刘玉梅.专家系统在输电网络故障诊断中的应用探索.自动化应用技术.兵器工业出版社,2001,6：48-52
[39]Yann-Chang Huang. Fault Section Estimation in Power Systems Using a Novel Decision Support System. IEEE Trans. On Power Systems,2002,17 (2):439-444
[40]Heung-Jae Lee, Deung-Yong Park, Bok-Shin Ahn, Young-Moon Park. A Fuzzy Expert System for the Integrated Fault Diagnosis.IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 2000,15 (2):833-838
[41]Gopalakrishnan, A.; Kezunovic, M.; McKenna, S. M.; Hamai, D. M.; Fault location using the distributed parameter transmission line model.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, Oct.2000, Volume 15, Issue 4, Page (s):1169-1174
[42]Nouri, H.; Chun Wang; Davies, T.; An accurate fault location technique for distribution lines with tapped loads using wavelet transform. Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto. Sept.2001, Volume 3, Page(s):4 pp
[43]Chen-Fu Chien; Shi-Lin Chen; Yin-Shin Lin; Using Bayesian network for fault location on distribution feedero IEEE Trans Power Delivery, July 2002, Volume 17, Issue 3, Page (s):785-793
[44]Martins, L. S.; Martins, J. F.; Alegria, C.M.; et al. A network distribution power system fault location based on neural eigenvalue algorithm. Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003 IEEE Bologna. Volume 2,23-26 June 2003 Page(s):6 pp.
[45]Peng Minfang; He Yigang; Tan Yi; Huang Hongli; et al. Line fault location in a distribution network based on K-fault diagnosis method. Robotics Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing,2003. Proceedings.2003 IEEE International Conference on. Volume 1,8-13 Oct.2003 Page (s):571-575
[46]Dorigo M, Di Caro G. Ant colony optimization:A new meta-heuristic. Proceedings of the 2006Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2006,2:1470-1477
[47]Bauer A, Bullnheimer B, Hartl R, F, Strauss C. An ant colony optimization approach for the single machine total tardiness problem. Proceedings of the 2007Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2007,2:1445-1450
[48]Tor Skeie, Svein Johannessen, Christoph Brunner. Ethernet in Substation Automation. IEEE control system Magazine,2002(3):43-51
[2]顾锦汉,张步林.配电自动化[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(5)： 21-23
[3]土明俊,于尔铿,刘广.配电系统自动化及其发展[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[4]范明天,张祖平.探讨国内实现配电自动化的一些基本问题[M].烟台：配电网自动化分专委会成立暨第一届学术交流会议论文集,1998：45-78
[5]徐腊元.我国配电自动化的现状及发展方向[M].烟台：配电网自动化分专委会成立暨第一届学术交流会议论文集,1998：79-95
[6]田进章.浅谈配电自动化系统中的通信系统[J].河北电力技术,1999,28(4)19-22
[7]方富淇.配电网自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000
[8]王士政.电网调度自动化与配网自动化技术[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[9]李辛雅,李南郁.配电网自动化系统的通信技术[J].电力系统通信,1998,12(1)：23-24
[10]葛俊,童陆园,马晓强.配电系统综合自动化的发展及构想[J].电力学报,1998,4(11)：13-15
[11]国家电力公司关于加快城市电力网建设改造的若干意见1998
[12]《配电自动化系统功能规范》行业标准
[13]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T721-2000配电网自动化系统远方终端
[14]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T814-2002配电自动化系统功能规范
[15]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会UL／Z790.11-2001采用配电线载波的配电自动化,第1部分：总则,第一篇：配电自动化系统的体系结构
[16]全国电力系统控制及通信标准化技术委员会DL／T630-1997交流采样远方终端技术条件
[17]张明君,等.电力系统微机继电保护[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002
[18]杜一.基于故障录波信息的输电网络故障诊断系统研究[D].上海交通大学硕士论文,2003
[19]王廷良.配电自动化系统终端的现状及发展方向.电力设备[J],2004,5(12)：53-56
[20]卢林国.配电自动化系统实时数据采集范围探讨.贵州电力技术[J],2004,7(10)：18-19
[21]雷宇凌,雷宇壮,聂芳.GPRS技术在配电自动化中应用研究.供用电[J].2006,23(1)：31-32
[22]唐爱红,程时杰.配电网自动化通信系统的分析与研究.高电压技术[J],2005,31(5)：73-75
[23]祁兵,孙毅,赵泰.配电网络数据库的设计方案.现代电力[J].2004,21(5)： 88-91
[24]孙才新等.电力地理信息系统及其在配电网中的应用.科学出版社[M].2003
[25]IEC61334采用配电线载波的配电自动化
[26]DL／T 599-1996城市中低压配电网改造技术导则
[27]DL／T 721-2000配电网自动化系统远方终端
[28]国家电网公司系统.县城电网建设与改造技术导则.2003
[29]文晨.在ObjectARX中嵌入CLIPS的技术实现.计算机工程与应用.2003,1：121-122
[30]何利,王厚军.基于知识的故障诊断系统的设计.计算机测量与控制.2002,10(5)：322-323
[31]崔彦平,王秉仁.基于神经网络的综合智能故障诊断专家系统.机电一体化.2003,4：102-105
[32]余涛,王晶.分布式水电机故障诊断集成专家系统的研究.动力工程.2002,22(4)：1902-1907
[33]赵冬梅,张冬英.分层分布式电网故障诊断专家系统设计.现代电力.2001,18(3)： 41-46
[34]钟明,王钦友.在C++Builder中实现串口的字节通信方式.微型电脑应用.2003,19(11)：48-49
[35]钟明,王钦友.基于DLL方式的C++Builder和CLIPS混合编程开发专家系统的方法.机电工程.2004,3
[36]王钦友,钟明,刘玉梅.高压输电线路的远程监控与智能故障诊断方法.2003年国际控制与自动化会议论文集,2003
[37]王钦友,刘玉梅.输电线路运行状态监测过程的专家系统控制.2001中国控制与决策学术年会论文集.东北大学出版社,2001,5：1120-1124
[38]王钦友,刘玉梅.专家系统在输电网络故障诊断中的应用探索.自动化应用技术.兵器工业出版社,2001,6：48-52
[39]Yann-Chang Huang. Fault Section Estimation in Power Systems Using a Novel Decision Support System. IEEE Trans. On Power Systems,2002,17 (2):439-444
[40]Heung-Jae Lee, Deung-Yong Park, Bok-Shin Ahn, Young-Moon Park. A Fuzzy Expert System for the Integrated Fault Diagnosis.IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 2000,15 (2):833-838
[41]Gopalakrishnan, A.; Kezunovic, M.; McKenna, S. M.; Hamai, D. M.; Fault location using the distributed parameter transmission line model.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, Oct.2000, Volume 15, Issue 4, Page (s):1169-1174
[42]Nouri, H.; Chun Wang; Davies, T.; An accurate fault location technique for distribution lines with tapped loads using wavelet transform. Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto. Sept.2001, Volume 3, Page(s):4 pp
[43]Chen-Fu Chien; Shi-Lin Chen; Yin-Shin Lin; Using Bayesian network for fault location on distribution feedero IEEE Trans Power Delivery, July 2002, Volume 17, Issue 3, Page (s):785-793
[44]Martins, L. S.; Martins, J. F.; Alegria, C.M.; et al. A network distribution power system fault location based on neural eigenvalue algorithm. Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003 IEEE Bologna. Volume 2,23-26 June 2003 Page(s):6 pp.
[45]Peng Minfang; He Yigang; Tan Yi; Huang Hongli; et al. Line fault location in a distribution network based on K-fault diagnosis method. Robotics Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing,2003. Proceedings.2003 IEEE International Conference on. Volume 1,8-13 Oct.2003 Page (s):571-575
[46]Dorigo M, Di Caro G. Ant colony optimization:A new meta-heuristic. Proceedings of the 2006Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2006,2:1470-1477
[47]Bauer A, Bullnheimer B, Hartl R, F, Strauss C. An ant colony optimization approach for the single machine total tardiness problem. Proceedings of the 2007Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2007,2:1445-1450
[48]Tor Skeie, Svein Johannessen, Christoph Brunner. Ethernet in Substation Automation. IEEE control system Magazine,2002(3):43-51