双质量飞轮形状约束的非线性扭矩特性研究
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摘要
双质量飞轮式扭振减振器是汽车动力传动系的重要组成部件,对于降低整车传动系的扭转振动、缓解传动系的冲击等方面都发挥着非常重要的作用,其设计的合理性直接影响到汽车的舒适性和零部件工作的可靠性。
论文对双质量飞轮的国内外发展现状及发展趋势进行了研究,并重点对结构紧凑且应用广泛的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮进行了研究,对引入摩擦理论的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮扭矩进行了详细的研究与分析,针对引入摩擦的周向短弹簧汽车双质量飞轮在工作时弹簧与飞轮间的作用力分析基础,分析了摩擦对周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的扭矩和等效模型的固有频率的影响。针对双质量飞轮对低扭矩小扭转角应具有柔性以降低一阶固有频率和高扭矩大扭转角应具有高反抗力矩的力学特性要求,对周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的变刚度的可实施性进行了研究探讨,创造性地提出了通过改变初级飞轮内侧接触型线,实现“理想弹性特性”的非线性约束连续非线性变刚度的思想,并构建出计算分析模型。论文的主要研究工作包括以下几个部分:
对双质量飞轮的发展及其现有典型的双质量飞轮的结构及特性进行了系统分析与研究,重点研究了目前广泛应用的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮,分析研究了周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的初级飞轮型线和弹簧座的接触的受力特点,对比分析了弹簧座和飞轮间无摩擦和引入摩擦后两种不同情况,计算分析得到了引入摩擦时双质量飞轮在扭转角增大和减小两种情况下,初级飞轮、次级飞轮和弹簧座的接触点受力变化及的扭矩特性曲线变化规律,得出了和实验相符合的扭矩特性曲线。
在上述研究的基础上,根据周向短弹簧双质量飞轮扭矩传递过程的原理特点,提出了通过改变初级飞轮内侧型线来改变传递扭矩时和弹簧座的接触受力,即初级飞轮非线性约束型线模型,以获得具有“理想弹性特性”的连续非线性扭矩特性,并研究了非线性型线约束实现的原理方法。
对此,提出了几种不同的非线性约束型线;讨论了不同类型曲线及方程;分析计算了非线性扭矩特性初级飞轮新型线和弹簧座接触的受力特性,得出在新型线下双质量飞轮在扭转角增大和减小时初级飞轮、次级飞轮和弹簧座的接触点受力变化规律;导出了双质量飞轮扭矩传递的理论计算公式;进行了约束型线的参数设计,分析比较了不同初级飞轮约束型线使得双质量飞轮具有的不同扭矩特性曲线,得出了适合初级飞轮的形状约束内侧型线。
针对新型线设计开发出windows环境下的飞轮型线设计与分析的计算机辅助设计软件系统。
论文所提出的新型周向短弹簧结构的扭振减振器,实现了低扭矩、小扭转角具有柔性和大的高扭矩、大转角时具有高的反抗力矩的特性需求,同时实现了扭振减振器扭矩特性的光滑,并使刚度随着路况及负荷的变化而发生变化,避免了临界位置的刚度跃变,提高了汽车的平顺性和抗扭振能力。
Dual-mass flywheel torsional vibration damper is an important component of automotive powertrain, plays a very important role in reducing torsional vibration of vehicle transmission system(driveline) and easing the impact of transmission system, etc. The rationality of its design directly affects the car's comfort and reliability of the components.
The current development status and development trend of the dual mass flywheel are systematically researched, and mainly the compact structure and widely used Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring(DMF-CSS) is studied. A detailed study and analysis on the torque of the DMF-CSS introduced friction are carried out. Based on the analysis of the force at work between the spring seat and flywheel of the DMF-CSS introduced friction, the influences on the friction to the torque and the natural frequency of the equivalent model of DMF-CSS are analyzed. On the basis of the dual mass flywheel for the mechanical properties requirements that low torque small twist angle should have the flexibility to reduce the first-order natural frequency and high-torque big twist angle should have high resistance to torque, enforceability of varying stiffness of DMF-CSS are also studied, and creatively proposes a method to achieve the thought of continuous nonlinear varition stiffness "ideal elastic properties" by changing the type of contact line inside the primary flywheel, and the analysis model is built. The main research as follows:
The development of the dual mass flywheel and the existing typical structure of dual mass flywheel and it’s characteristics are analyzed, mainly focuses on the current widely used Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, analyzed the contact force characteristics of the primary flywheel-type line and spring seat of Dual-Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, and comparative analyzed two different situations of the introduction of friction and no friction between the spring seat and the flywheel, and the vary of the force of contact point among the primary flywheel, secondary flywheel and spring seat and the variation of the torque curve characteristics are obtained when the torsion angle increases and decreases in the reverse of the dual-mass flywheel introduced friction by calculating and analyzing,and the torque curve consistent with experimental tests result are obtained.
Based of these studies, according to the characteristics of the torque transfer principle of Dual-mass flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, in order to obtain a "ideal elasticity characteristics" of a continuous nonlinear torque characteristics, a new method by changing the medial line of the primary flywheel to change the transmission torque and the contact force with the spring seat is proposed, that is the primary flywheel nonlinear constraint line model, and the principle method in achieving non-linear constraints profile is studied.
In this paper, proposed several different non-linear constraint lines; discussed the different types of curves and equations; analyzed and calculated the contact force characteristics between nonlinear torque characteristics of the new primary flywheel constraints line and the spring seat, obtained force variation of contact point among primary flywheel, secondary flywheel and spring seat when double mass flywheel in the torsion angle increases and decreases based on the new constraints line; derived the dual mass flywheel transmission torque theoretical calculation formula; designed constrain lines parameter, analyzed different torque curve of dual mass flywheel with different primary flywheel constrain line, obtained proper constraints medial line for the primary flywheel.
A Computer Aided Design(CAD) software system for the design and analysis of the flywheel new constrain line under the windows environment are designed and developed.
For the new structure of the Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring torsional vibration damper, achieved the characteristics of a low torque small twist angle with high flexibility and high torque big twist angle have a high resistance to torque, also achieved smooth torque characteristics for the torsional damper, and the stiffness can change with road conditions and load, avoided the stiffness jump of the critical position, improved ride comfort and torsional vibration capability.
论文对双质量飞轮的国内外发展现状及发展趋势进行了研究,并重点对结构紧凑且应用广泛的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮进行了研究,对引入摩擦理论的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮扭矩进行了详细的研究与分析,针对引入摩擦的周向短弹簧汽车双质量飞轮在工作时弹簧与飞轮间的作用力分析基础,分析了摩擦对周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的扭矩和等效模型的固有频率的影响。针对双质量飞轮对低扭矩小扭转角应具有柔性以降低一阶固有频率和高扭矩大扭转角应具有高反抗力矩的力学特性要求,对周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的变刚度的可实施性进行了研究探讨,创造性地提出了通过改变初级飞轮内侧接触型线,实现“理想弹性特性”的非线性约束连续非线性变刚度的思想,并构建出计算分析模型。论文的主要研究工作包括以下几个部分:
对双质量飞轮的发展及其现有典型的双质量飞轮的结构及特性进行了系统分析与研究,重点研究了目前广泛应用的周向短弹簧双质量飞轮,分析研究了周向短弹簧双质量飞轮的初级飞轮型线和弹簧座的接触的受力特点,对比分析了弹簧座和飞轮间无摩擦和引入摩擦后两种不同情况,计算分析得到了引入摩擦时双质量飞轮在扭转角增大和减小两种情况下,初级飞轮、次级飞轮和弹簧座的接触点受力变化及的扭矩特性曲线变化规律,得出了和实验相符合的扭矩特性曲线。
在上述研究的基础上,根据周向短弹簧双质量飞轮扭矩传递过程的原理特点,提出了通过改变初级飞轮内侧型线来改变传递扭矩时和弹簧座的接触受力,即初级飞轮非线性约束型线模型,以获得具有“理想弹性特性”的连续非线性扭矩特性,并研究了非线性型线约束实现的原理方法。
对此,提出了几种不同的非线性约束型线;讨论了不同类型曲线及方程;分析计算了非线性扭矩特性初级飞轮新型线和弹簧座接触的受力特性,得出在新型线下双质量飞轮在扭转角增大和减小时初级飞轮、次级飞轮和弹簧座的接触点受力变化规律;导出了双质量飞轮扭矩传递的理论计算公式;进行了约束型线的参数设计,分析比较了不同初级飞轮约束型线使得双质量飞轮具有的不同扭矩特性曲线,得出了适合初级飞轮的形状约束内侧型线。
针对新型线设计开发出windows环境下的飞轮型线设计与分析的计算机辅助设计软件系统。
论文所提出的新型周向短弹簧结构的扭振减振器,实现了低扭矩、小扭转角具有柔性和大的高扭矩、大转角时具有高的反抗力矩的特性需求,同时实现了扭振减振器扭矩特性的光滑,并使刚度随着路况及负荷的变化而发生变化,避免了临界位置的刚度跃变,提高了汽车的平顺性和抗扭振能力。
Dual-mass flywheel torsional vibration damper is an important component of automotive powertrain, plays a very important role in reducing torsional vibration of vehicle transmission system(driveline) and easing the impact of transmission system, etc. The rationality of its design directly affects the car's comfort and reliability of the components.
The current development status and development trend of the dual mass flywheel are systematically researched, and mainly the compact structure and widely used Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring(DMF-CSS) is studied. A detailed study and analysis on the torque of the DMF-CSS introduced friction are carried out. Based on the analysis of the force at work between the spring seat and flywheel of the DMF-CSS introduced friction, the influences on the friction to the torque and the natural frequency of the equivalent model of DMF-CSS are analyzed. On the basis of the dual mass flywheel for the mechanical properties requirements that low torque small twist angle should have the flexibility to reduce the first-order natural frequency and high-torque big twist angle should have high resistance to torque, enforceability of varying stiffness of DMF-CSS are also studied, and creatively proposes a method to achieve the thought of continuous nonlinear varition stiffness "ideal elastic properties" by changing the type of contact line inside the primary flywheel, and the analysis model is built. The main research as follows:
The development of the dual mass flywheel and the existing typical structure of dual mass flywheel and it’s characteristics are analyzed, mainly focuses on the current widely used Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, analyzed the contact force characteristics of the primary flywheel-type line and spring seat of Dual-Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, and comparative analyzed two different situations of the introduction of friction and no friction between the spring seat and the flywheel, and the vary of the force of contact point among the primary flywheel, secondary flywheel and spring seat and the variation of the torque curve characteristics are obtained when the torsion angle increases and decreases in the reverse of the dual-mass flywheel introduced friction by calculating and analyzing,and the torque curve consistent with experimental tests result are obtained.
Based of these studies, according to the characteristics of the torque transfer principle of Dual-mass flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring, in order to obtain a "ideal elasticity characteristics" of a continuous nonlinear torque characteristics, a new method by changing the medial line of the primary flywheel to change the transmission torque and the contact force with the spring seat is proposed, that is the primary flywheel nonlinear constraint line model, and the principle method in achieving non-linear constraints profile is studied.
In this paper, proposed several different non-linear constraint lines; discussed the different types of curves and equations; analyzed and calculated the contact force characteristics between nonlinear torque characteristics of the new primary flywheel constraints line and the spring seat, obtained force variation of contact point among primary flywheel, secondary flywheel and spring seat when double mass flywheel in the torsion angle increases and decreases based on the new constraints line; derived the dual mass flywheel transmission torque theoretical calculation formula; designed constrain lines parameter, analyzed different torque curve of dual mass flywheel with different primary flywheel constrain line, obtained proper constraints medial line for the primary flywheel.
A Computer Aided Design(CAD) software system for the design and analysis of the flywheel new constrain line under the windows environment are designed and developed.
For the new structure of the Dual Mass Flywheel-Circumferential Short Spring torsional vibration damper, achieved the characteristics of a low torque small twist angle with high flexibility and high torque big twist angle have a high resistance to torque, also achieved smooth torque characteristics for the torsional damper, and the stiffness can change with road conditions and load, avoided the stiffness jump of the critical position, improved ride comfort and torsional vibration capability.
引文
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[4]唐明祥,董桂军,马中威,郝宏智.双质量飞轮的典型结构及特点[J].汽车维修,2007, (9): 3-6.
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[2]李伟,史文库.双质量飞轮(DMF)的研究综述[J].噪声与振动控制, 2008, (5): 1-5.
[3]吕振华,吴志国,陈涛.双质量飞轮-周向短弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计原理及性能分析[J].汽车工程, 2003, 25(5): 493-497.
[4]唐明祥,董桂军,马中威,郝宏智.双质量飞轮的典型结构及特点[J].汽车维修,2007, (9): 3-6.
[5]吕振华,冯振东.汽车离合器扭振减振器设计方法探讨[J].汽车工程, 1992, 14(4): 218-223.
[6]钱人一.德国鲁克公司双质量飞轮(上)[J].汽车与配件, 2006, (5): 35-37.
[7]钱人一.德国鲁克公司双质量飞轮(下)[J].汽车与配件, 2006, (12): 44-47.
[8]刘圣田,吕振华,邵成,袁念诗.双质量飞轮式扭振减振器[J].汽车技术, 1997, (1): 25-29.
[9] Wolfgang Reik, Roland Seebacher, Ad Kooy. The Dual Mass Flywheel[C]. 6th LuK Symposium, 1998: 69-92.
[10]刘圣田.双质量飞轮式扭振减振器对振动的控制分析[J].农业机械学报, 2004, 35(3): 16-19.
[11] Reihard Feldhaus, Bernhard Schierling, Andreas Forster, Hilmar Goebel. Two-Mass Flywheel: United States Patent, 5307710 [P]. 1994-03-05.
[12] Ad Kooy, Achim Gillmann, Johann J?ckel, Michael Bosse. DMFW–Nothing New[C]. 7th LuK Symposium, 2002:5-14.
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