太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用的激励政策研究
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摘要
当前我国经济社会的发展面临能源短缺和环境污染这两大问题。能源是发展国民经济和提高人民生活水平的重要物质基础,随着我国经济的发展,建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比重越来越大,目前我国建筑平均能耗是发达国家的2-3倍,由此产生的能源浪费和环境污染是十分巨大的,已经严重影响到我国的可持续发展能力。在我国居住建筑中生活热水能耗约占建筑总能耗的25%-30%,若通过太阳能光热利用技术的应用,将建筑与太阳能热水系统有机结合,可有效减少常规能源消耗,改善居民生活质量,并且促进环境可持续发展。因此需要在太阳能建筑一体化发展中寻求突破,构建相应的激励机制、政策体系和实施措施。有鉴于此,开展太阳能建筑一体化应用的激励政策研究具有较为重要的现实意义与实践价值。
文章综合运用制度经济学、福利经济学、外部性理论、委托-代理等相关理论;采用规范分析与实证分析相结合、比较分析、系统分析的研究方法开展太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用激励政策研究。
通过对太阳能建筑一体化应用现状的研究,得出了我国太阳能建筑一体应用所存在的问题,提出了政策研究需求;进而对太阳能建筑一体化应用政策进行了研究,并对当前的政策进行了梳理和总结,探究了我国太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用的政策设计思路。
在总结分析太阳能建筑一体化应用现状的基础上,分析激励政策的相关基础理论,主要分析外部性理论以及消除外部性的相关理论,为研究太阳能建筑一体化应用的激励政策奠定基础;同时对国外部分发达国家发展太阳能光热利用的政策进行比较研究、并进行政策启示,以提炼、总结其先进经验,从而为构建中国太阳能建筑一体化应用的激励政策体系提供理论依据及经验借鉴。
根据以上的理论研究和经验总结,立足于解决太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用问题,建立太阳能建筑强制性应用的政策体系,并提出具体的政策措施,以此推进中国太阳能建筑一体化的推广进程及实施步伐,从而确保中国建筑业加快结构转型、优化资源配置,进而为促进我国建筑业的可持续发展提供重要保障。
Our country must face two problems in the development of economy and society at present, that one is energy lack and the other is environment pollution Energy sources are to develop national economy and improve people's standard of living as a important material foundation. With our economic development, the share of our Energy consumption in building is more and more. At present, the quantity of Energy consumption in buildings in our country is 2-3 times of it in developed country. So the energy waste and the environment pollution is very huge. It is already impact our ability of sustainable development.Domestic hot water energy consumption in residential building accounts for about 25%-30% of the total energy consumption in China. If we combine the building and solar water heating systems organically by the adoption of solar thermal application technology, which can be effective in reducing the consumption of conventional energy sources and improve the resident quality of life, and promote environmental sustainable development. Therefore, we should seek a breakthrough by Solar building integration, to develop appropriate incentive mechanisms, policies and.implementation measures. For this reason, research for the incentive policy of developing the solar building integration’s application have very important practical significance and practical value.
Article summarizes the use of institutional economics, welfare economics, externality theory, principal - agent and other related theories; use of normative analysis combining with empirical analysis, comparative analysis, systems analysis research methods are to carry out the incentive policy research on mandatory application of Solar building integration .
Through the study of Solar building integration application’s status, we find the problems of Solar building integration application, explore the design ideas of policy on the mandatory application in Solar building integration by proposing the needs for the policy research, and then doing the research for the policy in Solar building integration application, and combing the current policy and summing up .
On the basis of concluding and analyzing the current status of Solar building integration application, research in the related basic theory of incentive policy, including the externality theory and the elimination of externalities related theories establish the foundation for studying the incentive policies of Solar building integration application; At the same time, studying the policy for developing the solar thermal application of some developed countries abroad comparatively, conducting policy implication in order to refine concluding their advanced experience, is to provide us theoretical basis and experience to draw on to build the incentive policy system of solar building integration’s application.
Based on the above theoretical research and lessons learned, based on solving the problem in mandatory application in Solar building integration, is to establish the policy system of mandatory application in solar architecture, and propose concrete policy measures. In this manner to advance the promotion of China's solar building integration process and the pace of implementation and thus ensure China's construction industry to speed up structural changes, optimize resources, and to provide an important safeguard for promoting the sustainable development of China's construction industry.
文章综合运用制度经济学、福利经济学、外部性理论、委托-代理等相关理论;采用规范分析与实证分析相结合、比较分析、系统分析的研究方法开展太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用激励政策研究。
通过对太阳能建筑一体化应用现状的研究,得出了我国太阳能建筑一体应用所存在的问题,提出了政策研究需求;进而对太阳能建筑一体化应用政策进行了研究,并对当前的政策进行了梳理和总结,探究了我国太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用的政策设计思路。
在总结分析太阳能建筑一体化应用现状的基础上,分析激励政策的相关基础理论,主要分析外部性理论以及消除外部性的相关理论,为研究太阳能建筑一体化应用的激励政策奠定基础;同时对国外部分发达国家发展太阳能光热利用的政策进行比较研究、并进行政策启示,以提炼、总结其先进经验,从而为构建中国太阳能建筑一体化应用的激励政策体系提供理论依据及经验借鉴。
根据以上的理论研究和经验总结,立足于解决太阳能建筑一体化强制性应用问题,建立太阳能建筑强制性应用的政策体系,并提出具体的政策措施,以此推进中国太阳能建筑一体化的推广进程及实施步伐,从而确保中国建筑业加快结构转型、优化资源配置,进而为促进我国建筑业的可持续发展提供重要保障。
Our country must face two problems in the development of economy and society at present, that one is energy lack and the other is environment pollution Energy sources are to develop national economy and improve people's standard of living as a important material foundation. With our economic development, the share of our Energy consumption in building is more and more. At present, the quantity of Energy consumption in buildings in our country is 2-3 times of it in developed country. So the energy waste and the environment pollution is very huge. It is already impact our ability of sustainable development.Domestic hot water energy consumption in residential building accounts for about 25%-30% of the total energy consumption in China. If we combine the building and solar water heating systems organically by the adoption of solar thermal application technology, which can be effective in reducing the consumption of conventional energy sources and improve the resident quality of life, and promote environmental sustainable development. Therefore, we should seek a breakthrough by Solar building integration, to develop appropriate incentive mechanisms, policies and.implementation measures. For this reason, research for the incentive policy of developing the solar building integration’s application have very important practical significance and practical value.
Article summarizes the use of institutional economics, welfare economics, externality theory, principal - agent and other related theories; use of normative analysis combining with empirical analysis, comparative analysis, systems analysis research methods are to carry out the incentive policy research on mandatory application of Solar building integration .
Through the study of Solar building integration application’s status, we find the problems of Solar building integration application, explore the design ideas of policy on the mandatory application in Solar building integration by proposing the needs for the policy research, and then doing the research for the policy in Solar building integration application, and combing the current policy and summing up .
On the basis of concluding and analyzing the current status of Solar building integration application, research in the related basic theory of incentive policy, including the externality theory and the elimination of externalities related theories establish the foundation for studying the incentive policies of Solar building integration application; At the same time, studying the policy for developing the solar thermal application of some developed countries abroad comparatively, conducting policy implication in order to refine concluding their advanced experience, is to provide us theoretical basis and experience to draw on to build the incentive policy system of solar building integration’s application.
Based on the above theoretical research and lessons learned, based on solving the problem in mandatory application in Solar building integration, is to establish the policy system of mandatory application in solar architecture, and propose concrete policy measures. In this manner to advance the promotion of China's solar building integration process and the pace of implementation and thus ensure China's construction industry to speed up structural changes, optimize resources, and to provide an important safeguard for promoting the sustainable development of China's construction industry.
引文
[1]郑瑞澄.太阳能供热采暖工程应用推广[J].太阳能, 2007,(2):42-46.
[2] Yuan, Ying. Solar collector components - Only way of solar building integration[J] . Taiyangneng Xuebao/Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, February 2005: 44-48.
[3] Hestnes, Anne Grete. Building integration of solar energy systems[J] Solar Energy, 1999:181-187.
[4] Munari Probst, MariaCristina. Towards an improved architectural quality of building integrated solar thermal systems (BIST). Solar Energy[M], September 2007: 1104-1116.
[5] Dalenback, Jan-Olof. Solar energy in building renovation[J]. Energy and Buildings, 1996: 39-50.
[6] Wassmer, Michael R. The simulation of a zero-energy residential building for the solar decathlon competition[C] . International Solar Energy Conference, 2003:45-53.
[7] Li, D.H.W. An analysis of building energy performances and benefits using solar fa?ades[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, May 2008:299-308.
[8]仲继寿.太阳能建筑设计理念与尝试[J].建设科技, 2008,(1): 140-143.
[9]蔡余萍,杨祖贵.被动式太阳能建筑设计探讨[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2007,(5): 189-191.
[10]张军杰.高层住宅构架式太阳能建筑一体化结合设计[J].住宅产业, 2008,(2): 63-65.
[11]郑瑞澄.中国太阳能供热采暖技术的现状与发展[J].建设科技, 2009,(6): 70-72.
[12]赵春江.太阳能建筑一体化技术的发展和前景[J].中国建设动态:阳光能源, 2004,(02): 19-21.
[13]于胜水.对太阳能建筑一体化技术的思考[J].中国科技信息, 2006,(11): 267-268,266.
[14]韩晶,石久胜.太阳能热水供应系统的经济分析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2003,(1): 17-19.
[15]王根霞,段德宏.青藏线太阳能热水供热系统的经济性分析.节能, 2004,(9): 19-21.
[16]王靖华,叶慧倩.新建民用建筑太阳能热水系统经济性分析[J].浙江建筑, 2008,(11): 70-71,75.
[17]张磊.太阳能建筑呼唤激励政策.建设科技, 2005,(17): 12-13.
[18]胡润青.西班牙太阳能热水器强制安装政策与启示[J].太阳能, 2007,(04):18-20.
[19]胡润青,李俊峰.全球太阳能热利用行业激励政策及对我国的启示[J].中国能源, 2007,(09):27-31.
[20]胡润青.太阳能热水器强制安装政策思考[J].建设科技, 2009,(02):18-20.
[21]胡润青.太阳能技术与激励政策[J].建设科技, 2008,(18):62-64,69.
[22]胡润青.民用建筑太阳能热水器强制安装政策研究[J].建设科技, 2008,(07):61-63.
[23]张树君.太阳能与建筑一体化标准体系[J].建设科技, 2009,(02):34-36.
[24]沃野.我国太阳能产业现状分析及政策建议[J].当代经济(下半月), 2008,(04):90-91.
[25]韦苇,杨卫军.农业的外部性及补偿研究[J].西北大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2004,34(1):148-153.
[26] Tibor Scitovsky. Two Concepts of External Economies[J]. The Journal of Political Economy, April 1954: 143-151.
[27]林成.从市场失灵到政府失灵:外部性理论及其政策的演进[D].中国博士学位论文全文数据库, 2007.
[28]王俊豪.政府规制经济学导论——基本理论及其在政府规制实践中的应用[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2001:327.
[29]智国明.庇古税科斯定理与政府角色的定位—对“污染反弹”现象的分析.郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版), 2004,(8):27-19,27.
[30]李慧.建筑节能经济激励政策及相关问题研究[D].西安建筑科技大学, 2008.
[31]尹波,刘应宗.建筑节能领域市场失灵的外部经济性分析[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005,(04):65-67.
[32]王洪波,刘长滨,王煜.我国节能建筑市场供求分析及激励政策对象选择[J].建筑经济, 2007(12):99-101.
[33] Chow, T.T. Annual performance of building-integrated photovoltaic/water-heating system for warm climate application[J]. Applied Energy , March 2009:689-696.
[34] Zhao, Huizhong . Experimental study on building integrated solar air-condition system[J] . Taiyangneng Xuebao/Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica , April 2009: 465-469.
[35] Walker, Andy . Advances in solar buildings .Journal of Solar Energy Engineering[J] , August 2003:236-244.
[36] Beerepoot, M. Public energy performance policy and the effect on diffusion of solar thermal systems in buildings: A Dutch experience[M]. Renewable Energy, September 2007:1882-1897.
[37] Taylor, Margaret . Beyond technology-push and demand-pull: Lessons from California's solar policy[J]. Energy Economics, November 2008:2829-2854.
[38] Seong, Yoon-Bok . HELIOS: Solar rights analysis system for apartment buildings[J] . Solar Energy, June 2006:723-741.
[39] Chandel, S.S . Performance evaluation of a passive solar building in Western Himalayas[J] . Renewable Energy, October 2008:2166-2173.
[40] Peterkin, Neville . Rewards for passive solar design in the Building Code of Australia[J] . Renewable Energy, February 2009:440-443.
[41] Wakefield, Anna . Solar set to reach new heights[J] . Building Engineer, July 2009:20-21.
[42] Garrett, Vicki . Breaking the cycle: Producer and consumer perspectives on the non-adoption of passive solar housing in the US[J] . Energy Policy, April 2008:1551-1566.
[2] Yuan, Ying. Solar collector components - Only way of solar building integration[J] . Taiyangneng Xuebao/Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, February 2005: 44-48.
[3] Hestnes, Anne Grete. Building integration of solar energy systems[J] Solar Energy, 1999:181-187.
[4] Munari Probst, MariaCristina. Towards an improved architectural quality of building integrated solar thermal systems (BIST). Solar Energy[M], September 2007: 1104-1116.
[5] Dalenback, Jan-Olof. Solar energy in building renovation[J]. Energy and Buildings, 1996: 39-50.
[6] Wassmer, Michael R. The simulation of a zero-energy residential building for the solar decathlon competition[C] . International Solar Energy Conference, 2003:45-53.
[7] Li, D.H.W. An analysis of building energy performances and benefits using solar fa?ades[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, May 2008:299-308.
[8]仲继寿.太阳能建筑设计理念与尝试[J].建设科技, 2008,(1): 140-143.
[9]蔡余萍,杨祖贵.被动式太阳能建筑设计探讨[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2007,(5): 189-191.
[10]张军杰.高层住宅构架式太阳能建筑一体化结合设计[J].住宅产业, 2008,(2): 63-65.
[11]郑瑞澄.中国太阳能供热采暖技术的现状与发展[J].建设科技, 2009,(6): 70-72.
[12]赵春江.太阳能建筑一体化技术的发展和前景[J].中国建设动态:阳光能源, 2004,(02): 19-21.
[13]于胜水.对太阳能建筑一体化技术的思考[J].中国科技信息, 2006,(11): 267-268,266.
[14]韩晶,石久胜.太阳能热水供应系统的经济分析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2003,(1): 17-19.
[15]王根霞,段德宏.青藏线太阳能热水供热系统的经济性分析.节能, 2004,(9): 19-21.
[16]王靖华,叶慧倩.新建民用建筑太阳能热水系统经济性分析[J].浙江建筑, 2008,(11): 70-71,75.
[17]张磊.太阳能建筑呼唤激励政策.建设科技, 2005,(17): 12-13.
[18]胡润青.西班牙太阳能热水器强制安装政策与启示[J].太阳能, 2007,(04):18-20.
[19]胡润青,李俊峰.全球太阳能热利用行业激励政策及对我国的启示[J].中国能源, 2007,(09):27-31.
[20]胡润青.太阳能热水器强制安装政策思考[J].建设科技, 2009,(02):18-20.
[21]胡润青.太阳能技术与激励政策[J].建设科技, 2008,(18):62-64,69.
[22]胡润青.民用建筑太阳能热水器强制安装政策研究[J].建设科技, 2008,(07):61-63.
[23]张树君.太阳能与建筑一体化标准体系[J].建设科技, 2009,(02):34-36.
[24]沃野.我国太阳能产业现状分析及政策建议[J].当代经济(下半月), 2008,(04):90-91.
[25]韦苇,杨卫军.农业的外部性及补偿研究[J].西北大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2004,34(1):148-153.
[26] Tibor Scitovsky. Two Concepts of External Economies[J]. The Journal of Political Economy, April 1954: 143-151.
[27]林成.从市场失灵到政府失灵:外部性理论及其政策的演进[D].中国博士学位论文全文数据库, 2007.
[28]王俊豪.政府规制经济学导论——基本理论及其在政府规制实践中的应用[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2001:327.
[29]智国明.庇古税科斯定理与政府角色的定位—对“污染反弹”现象的分析.郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版), 2004,(8):27-19,27.
[30]李慧.建筑节能经济激励政策及相关问题研究[D].西安建筑科技大学, 2008.
[31]尹波,刘应宗.建筑节能领域市场失灵的外部经济性分析[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005,(04):65-67.
[32]王洪波,刘长滨,王煜.我国节能建筑市场供求分析及激励政策对象选择[J].建筑经济, 2007(12):99-101.
[33] Chow, T.T. Annual performance of building-integrated photovoltaic/water-heating system for warm climate application[J]. Applied Energy , March 2009:689-696.
[34] Zhao, Huizhong . Experimental study on building integrated solar air-condition system[J] . Taiyangneng Xuebao/Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica , April 2009: 465-469.
[35] Walker, Andy . Advances in solar buildings .Journal of Solar Energy Engineering[J] , August 2003:236-244.
[36] Beerepoot, M. Public energy performance policy and the effect on diffusion of solar thermal systems in buildings: A Dutch experience[M]. Renewable Energy, September 2007:1882-1897.
[37] Taylor, Margaret . Beyond technology-push and demand-pull: Lessons from California's solar policy[J]. Energy Economics, November 2008:2829-2854.
[38] Seong, Yoon-Bok . HELIOS: Solar rights analysis system for apartment buildings[J] . Solar Energy, June 2006:723-741.
[39] Chandel, S.S . Performance evaluation of a passive solar building in Western Himalayas[J] . Renewable Energy, October 2008:2166-2173.
[40] Peterkin, Neville . Rewards for passive solar design in the Building Code of Australia[J] . Renewable Energy, February 2009:440-443.
[41] Wakefield, Anna . Solar set to reach new heights[J] . Building Engineer, July 2009:20-21.
[42] Garrett, Vicki . Breaking the cycle: Producer and consumer perspectives on the non-adoption of passive solar housing in the US[J] . Energy Policy, April 2008:1551-1566.