深圳市办公建筑自然通风应用研究
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摘要
自然通风是一种比较经济的通风方式。它不消耗动力,也可获得较大的通风换气量,简单易行,节约能源,有利于环境保护,被广泛应用于工业和民用建筑中。但实际上,在居住建筑中早已成熟的自然通风技术,在办公建筑中却应用较少,或应用受到多种因素的限制。从深圳市办公建筑自然通风应用调研中也发现,68%的办公建筑未采用任何促进自然通风的措施,或自然通风设计使用不当,因此导致大部分工作人员对办公环境空气质量感到不满或不舒适,并表示了对自然风的迫切需求,以改善办公空间室内热舒适度,提高工作效率。
同时,从调研中也分析出深圳市办公建筑自然通风运用比较欠缺的原因:①室外空气质量和噪声使自然通风使用受到限制;②办公建筑空调系统运行模式的影响,导致自然通风技术的采用受到限制;③室外风速限制自然通风的运用;④办公建筑得热量和建筑体型对自然通风的限制;⑤大部分办公建筑在设计上就没有自然通风的专门设计。
从以上原因出发,为使深圳市办公建筑更好的应用自然通风,本文进行了以下三方面的研究:深圳市城市风环境研究、深圳市某一办公建筑自然通风应用效果分析和适合于深圳市办公建筑自然通风技术的探讨。
深圳市城市风环境研究,首先从风洞实验、气象监测和数值模拟三个方面进行城市风环境研究方法的理论分析,最后选用数值模拟方法分析深圳市城市风环境,初步得出《深圳市城市风环境区域划分图》,为进一步的城市风环境研究奠定理论基础,并选择深圳市某一办公建筑与其所在的小区为例,分别利用城市主导风向和城市风环境分析后的区域风向为边界条件,对该小区风环境和建筑单体自然通风潜力进行了对比分析,从对比中可以看出城市风环境研究对办公建筑小区和单体自然通风设计有很大的影响,强调城市风环境研究的重要性和必要性。
通过分析深圳市某一办公建筑自然通风应用效果发现,该办公建筑若采用其设计的相关自然通风措施,在空调时段,利用自然通风就可以达到办公空间舒适性要求的时间可占空调时段的39.86%,即至少可减少空调运行时间达570小时,达到节约建筑能耗的目的。而且该大楼空调系统设计时,若能结合自然通风分析改善其设计方案,采用分层分区的空调系统,可更多的减少空调系统运行时间,并满足办公人员对自然风的需求,改善办公空间空气质量。从而说明深圳市办公建筑有必要合理采用自然通风技术来满足办公空间热舒适性要求,同时减少空调能耗,达到节能的目的。
在进行城市风环境研究时也发现,深圳市城市风环境具有多种风速区域或时段,针对不同的风速应采取不同的办公建筑自然通风技术措施。所以本文最后,针对深圳市特殊的城市风环境,结合办公建筑自身建筑特点和功能要求,简要探讨了几种适合于深圳市办公建筑的自然通风技术,并对某一自然通风装置进行了实验分析和模拟验证,证实该装置适用于深圳市低风速区办公建筑的自然通风应用需求,同时也能满足风速变大或台风天气的通风控制。但该部分属于简要介绍分析,需针对深圳市不同区域的风环境特点,并结合各种办公建筑的功能需求进一步研究适合于深圳市各区域的办公建筑自然通风技术。
Natural ventilation is a relatively economical ventilation method. As can bring large amounts of ventilation volume without energy consumption, natural ventilation is profit to environment protection which is widely utilized in industrial buildings and civil buildings. However, natural ventilation mature in residential buildings is still seldom used or Subject to a variety of factors in official buildings. From the survey on natural ventilation utilization of official buildings in Shenzhen, 68% of official buildings doesnot have any natural ventilation designs or doesnot have efficient ones, thus most dwellers feel uncomfortable or dissatifact about indoor air quality. They claim that it is essential to make use of natural ventilation in order to enhance indoor air quality and raise work efficiency.
It is analyzed from the survey that there are 5 reasons for the utilization limit of natural ventilation in official buildings of Shenzhen. The reasons includes outdoor air quality and noise, the influence of air conditioning system operation mode, outdoor wind speed, building heat-gain and building form, and the vacancy of natural ventilation design. For the above reasons, in order to provide ventilation designers with accurate information, researches in 3 aspects is undertaked in this paper, namely, the research on urban wind environment, the analysis on the application effect of natural ventilation in a official building of Shenzhen, the discussion on the natural ventilation technology appropriate for official building of Shenzhen.
The research on urban wind environment in Shenzhen started from wind tunnel experiment, climate observation and mathematical simulation, ended up with the mathematical simulation and analysis. By doing these, urban wind environment district division graph for Shenzhen was worked out, which is provided for the later research. This paper also set a plot for example, which includes a official building. By analyzing the wind environment of the plot and the natural ventilation potential of the single building, it is presented that the research of urban wind environment has significant influence on the design of not only plot but also single building, thus related research is very important.
By the application efficiency analysis on the natural ventilation of an official building in Shenzhen, it is showed that if natural ventilation design is utilized, during air conditioning period, the time that reaching office indoor comfort by natural ventilation is 39.86% in all. That is to say, more than 570 hours of air conditioning operating time can be saved, thus energy saving goal can be reached. Moreover, if natural ventilation analysis can be considered in order to improve the design in the preliminary period that by using layer-split or zone-split air conditioning system, more air conditioning operation time can be saved, while the natural wind necessity of dwellers can be reached, and indoor air quality can be improved. It is also demonstrated that it is very necessary to utilize natural ventilation technology to meet the need of natural ventilation, and to descend air conditioning energy consumption, thus reaching energy saving goal. When undertaking the research on urban wind environment, several different technological approaches is used according to different wind speed, because there are several different wind speed zone and time zone in Shenzhen. In the end of this paper, several appropriate natural ventilation technologies are discussed according to the characteristics of urban wind environment and the feature and function of official buildings in Shenzhen. While an experiment and simulation on a typical ventilation equipment is done in Shenzhen in order to prove its adapatabilty for office buildings in low-wind-speed-zone, at the same time the equipmen also is able to meet ventilation control when wind get larger on typhoon weather. However, this part is only a brief introduction, which should be regarded according to different climate features for each zone, while the different function requirement of official buildings should also be considered.
同时,从调研中也分析出深圳市办公建筑自然通风运用比较欠缺的原因:①室外空气质量和噪声使自然通风使用受到限制;②办公建筑空调系统运行模式的影响,导致自然通风技术的采用受到限制;③室外风速限制自然通风的运用;④办公建筑得热量和建筑体型对自然通风的限制;⑤大部分办公建筑在设计上就没有自然通风的专门设计。
从以上原因出发,为使深圳市办公建筑更好的应用自然通风,本文进行了以下三方面的研究:深圳市城市风环境研究、深圳市某一办公建筑自然通风应用效果分析和适合于深圳市办公建筑自然通风技术的探讨。
深圳市城市风环境研究,首先从风洞实验、气象监测和数值模拟三个方面进行城市风环境研究方法的理论分析,最后选用数值模拟方法分析深圳市城市风环境,初步得出《深圳市城市风环境区域划分图》,为进一步的城市风环境研究奠定理论基础,并选择深圳市某一办公建筑与其所在的小区为例,分别利用城市主导风向和城市风环境分析后的区域风向为边界条件,对该小区风环境和建筑单体自然通风潜力进行了对比分析,从对比中可以看出城市风环境研究对办公建筑小区和单体自然通风设计有很大的影响,强调城市风环境研究的重要性和必要性。
通过分析深圳市某一办公建筑自然通风应用效果发现,该办公建筑若采用其设计的相关自然通风措施,在空调时段,利用自然通风就可以达到办公空间舒适性要求的时间可占空调时段的39.86%,即至少可减少空调运行时间达570小时,达到节约建筑能耗的目的。而且该大楼空调系统设计时,若能结合自然通风分析改善其设计方案,采用分层分区的空调系统,可更多的减少空调系统运行时间,并满足办公人员对自然风的需求,改善办公空间空气质量。从而说明深圳市办公建筑有必要合理采用自然通风技术来满足办公空间热舒适性要求,同时减少空调能耗,达到节能的目的。
在进行城市风环境研究时也发现,深圳市城市风环境具有多种风速区域或时段,针对不同的风速应采取不同的办公建筑自然通风技术措施。所以本文最后,针对深圳市特殊的城市风环境,结合办公建筑自身建筑特点和功能要求,简要探讨了几种适合于深圳市办公建筑的自然通风技术,并对某一自然通风装置进行了实验分析和模拟验证,证实该装置适用于深圳市低风速区办公建筑的自然通风应用需求,同时也能满足风速变大或台风天气的通风控制。但该部分属于简要介绍分析,需针对深圳市不同区域的风环境特点,并结合各种办公建筑的功能需求进一步研究适合于深圳市各区域的办公建筑自然通风技术。
Natural ventilation is a relatively economical ventilation method. As can bring large amounts of ventilation volume without energy consumption, natural ventilation is profit to environment protection which is widely utilized in industrial buildings and civil buildings. However, natural ventilation mature in residential buildings is still seldom used or Subject to a variety of factors in official buildings. From the survey on natural ventilation utilization of official buildings in Shenzhen, 68% of official buildings doesnot have any natural ventilation designs or doesnot have efficient ones, thus most dwellers feel uncomfortable or dissatifact about indoor air quality. They claim that it is essential to make use of natural ventilation in order to enhance indoor air quality and raise work efficiency.
It is analyzed from the survey that there are 5 reasons for the utilization limit of natural ventilation in official buildings of Shenzhen. The reasons includes outdoor air quality and noise, the influence of air conditioning system operation mode, outdoor wind speed, building heat-gain and building form, and the vacancy of natural ventilation design. For the above reasons, in order to provide ventilation designers with accurate information, researches in 3 aspects is undertaked in this paper, namely, the research on urban wind environment, the analysis on the application effect of natural ventilation in a official building of Shenzhen, the discussion on the natural ventilation technology appropriate for official building of Shenzhen.
The research on urban wind environment in Shenzhen started from wind tunnel experiment, climate observation and mathematical simulation, ended up with the mathematical simulation and analysis. By doing these, urban wind environment district division graph for Shenzhen was worked out, which is provided for the later research. This paper also set a plot for example, which includes a official building. By analyzing the wind environment of the plot and the natural ventilation potential of the single building, it is presented that the research of urban wind environment has significant influence on the design of not only plot but also single building, thus related research is very important.
By the application efficiency analysis on the natural ventilation of an official building in Shenzhen, it is showed that if natural ventilation design is utilized, during air conditioning period, the time that reaching office indoor comfort by natural ventilation is 39.86% in all. That is to say, more than 570 hours of air conditioning operating time can be saved, thus energy saving goal can be reached. Moreover, if natural ventilation analysis can be considered in order to improve the design in the preliminary period that by using layer-split or zone-split air conditioning system, more air conditioning operation time can be saved, while the natural wind necessity of dwellers can be reached, and indoor air quality can be improved. It is also demonstrated that it is very necessary to utilize natural ventilation technology to meet the need of natural ventilation, and to descend air conditioning energy consumption, thus reaching energy saving goal. When undertaking the research on urban wind environment, several different technological approaches is used according to different wind speed, because there are several different wind speed zone and time zone in Shenzhen. In the end of this paper, several appropriate natural ventilation technologies are discussed according to the characteristics of urban wind environment and the feature and function of official buildings in Shenzhen. While an experiment and simulation on a typical ventilation equipment is done in Shenzhen in order to prove its adapatabilty for office buildings in low-wind-speed-zone, at the same time the equipmen also is able to meet ventilation control when wind get larger on typhoon weather. However, this part is only a brief introduction, which should be regarded according to different climate features for each zone, while the different function requirement of official buildings should also be considered.
引文
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