土层置换消除残留除草剂药害及大豆连作障碍效果的研究
|
摘要
黑龙江省大豆面积大,种植地域集中,造成重茬面积大,加之化学除草剂常年使用,导致一些长残留除草剂在土壤中不断积累,使后茬作物产生药害的现象严重。严重影响作物种植结构调整和土地资源可持续利用,给农业生产和农民增收造成巨大的影响。本文通过盆栽试验与生物鉴定的方法相结合,研究长残留除草剂在土壤中的空间分布规律、探索长残留除草剂氯嘧磺隆在大田中自然淋溶深度以及作物不同生育时期对长残留除草剂耐药性的反应。通过田间模拟试验,研究长残留除草剂在土壤中空间分布对甜菜生育的影响。通过自主研发的土层置换犁,将农田中含有残留除草剂的土壤进行土层置换,研究长残留除草剂置换深度对作物的药害程度。通过本项研究为东北高寒地区长残效除草剂的合理高效可持续利用提出理论和实践基础。
试验研究结果如下:
1.豆田残留除草剂主要分布在土壤0~20cm土层范围内,20cm以下为甜菜的生产安全土层;氯嘧磺隆田间自然淋溶最大深度为25cm,进一步研究证明,能危害甜菜生长发育的残留除草剂主要分布在耕层0~25cm范围内。
2.甜菜随着长残留除草剂氯嘧磺药层在土壤中埋藏深度加深,叶片光合速率增强、气孔导度变大、块根产量增加。除草剂层埋藏0~10cm、10~20cm处理与无除草剂残留的对照相比,差异极显著;除草剂层埋藏30~40cm的处理对甜菜各项生育指标影响较小。
3.马铃薯、甜菜不同生育时期对氯嘧磺隆抗药性表现不同,以减产20%除草剂浓度为临界值,马铃薯苗期土壤中残留除草剂临界浓度为0.09 mg·kg~(-1) ,始花期临界浓度为0.5 mg·kg~(-1);甜菜叶丛快速增长期临界浓度为0.05 mg·kg~(-1),苗期0.025 mg·kg~(-1)时,植株死亡。
4.土层置换犁能够比较彻底地将表层“疲劳土层”(耕作层)与次表层的“好土层”(心土层)进行位置转换,避免两个土层的重叠混合,以达到休闲“疲劳土层”,即把农药残留的土层置换到下层,减轻残留除草剂对后茬作物的危害。
5.农田土壤0~20cm与20~40cm进行土层置换,与心土耕、浅翻深松改土处理相比,土层置换处理降低了土壤容重、硬度,固相率变小,气相率增大,为植物根系生长提供良好的土壤物理环境。
6.除草剂残留地块,土层置换改土处理,甜菜块根产量为46650 kg·hm-2,分别比心土耕、浅翻深松改土处理增产137.2%、368.9%,增产效果极显著。无除草剂残留的地块,土层置换改土处理的甜菜产量略低于其它两个改土处理,但差异不显著。
7.除草剂残留地块,土层置换改土处理马铃薯块茎产量23709.5 kg·hm-2,分别比心土耕、浅翻深松处理增产31.3%、177.1%;土层置换改土比心土耕、浅翻深松处理淀粉含量分别增加2.56、2.43个百分点,每公顷淀粉产量增加2376.8 kg,维C含量也有所提高。无除草剂残留的地块,土层置换改土处理的马铃薯产量低于其它两个改土处理,差异不显著,但马铃薯的大、中薯所占的比例高于心土耕、浅翻深松处理。
8.人工模拟土层置换改土处理减少了连作大豆田田间杂草种类和数量,有利于控制杂草滋生。
The area of soybean were large in Heilongjiang province, and were planted concentrated, continuous cropping stress, as well as using herbicide for long-term time, which leading to the accumulation of long-term residual herbicide in soil, the phenomenon that herbicide phytotoxicity harmed the second crop were seriously. The influence of crop construction adjustment and sustainable utilization of soil resources were seriously, which had a big influence on agricultural production and farm income. Adopt the unit methods of pot experiment and biological assay, study on the law of spatial distribution of long-term residual herbicide in soil, the natural leaching depth of chlorimuron-ethyl in farmland and the drug resistance to long-term residual herbicide in different growing periods. Confirm the effect of spatial distribution of long-term residual herbicide in soil on beet growth through the simulation experiment in the field. In order to prove the harming degrees of long-term residual herbicide done to plants, Using reversing soil horizon Plow which developed by ourselves to reverse the soil that containing residual herbicide, The objective was to provide theoretical and practical supports for sustainable utilization of long-term residual herbicide in northeast of subnival belt .
The conclusions obtained were as follows:
1. The residual herbicide in soybean field was mainly distributed in 0~20 cm, below 20cm was the safty production depth of beet. The biggest natural leaching depth of chlorimuron-ethyl was 25cm, which forther proved that the smallest amount of residual herbicide which harmed the beet growth was mainly distributed in 0~25cm.
2. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and yield of beet were increased with the buried depths of chlorimuron-ethyl. There was significant differences between 0~10cm, 10~20cm and CK, and the the buried depths of herbicide in 30~40cm had little effect on the other index of beet.
3. The resistence to chlorimuron-ethyl of potato and beet were different at different growth stages. Potato yield decreased by 20% as the critical concentration of herbicide, for potato during potato seedling was 0.09 mg·kg~(-1), and was 0.5mg·kg~(-1) before flowering-period in soil; during beet foliage period of rapid growth was 0.05 mg·kg~(-1), the plant will die when critical concentration was 0.025 mg·kg~(-1) in seedling period.
4. Using reversing soil horizon plow relatively complete to transit soil position between "soil fatigue layer" (plow layer) and "good layer" (subsoil layer), to avoid mixing the two layers overlap, could achieve to leisure "soil fatigue layer", to reduce the harmful to the following crops by turned the herbicide residues soil layer to the lower soil layer.
5. Compare with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, treatment of the replacement 0 ~ 20cm and 20 ~40cm soil layers could decreased soil bulk density, hardness and solid fraction, and increased gas rate in soil, which soil replacement could provide good soil physical environment for the growth of plant roots.
6. Replacing soil layer in herbicide residues soil could achieve beet yield of 46650kg.hm-2. Compared with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, beet yield was increased significantly by 137.2%, 368.9%, respectively. No herbicides residues soil, beet yield of soil replacement treatment was slightly lower than the other two treaments but the difference was not significant.
7. Replacing soil layer could achieve potato yield of 23709.5kg?hm-2 in herbicide residues soil. Compared with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, potato yield was increased significantly by 31.3%、177.1%; starch content increased by 2.56%, 2.43%; victoria C content also increased. No herbicides residues soil, potato yield of soil replacement treatment was slightly lower, the difference was not significant, but the potato commodity rate was higher than the other two treatments.
8. The type of weed and quantity in soybean field were reduced by soil replacement treatment, so it was beneficial to control rank grass.
试验研究结果如下:
1.豆田残留除草剂主要分布在土壤0~20cm土层范围内,20cm以下为甜菜的生产安全土层;氯嘧磺隆田间自然淋溶最大深度为25cm,进一步研究证明,能危害甜菜生长发育的残留除草剂主要分布在耕层0~25cm范围内。
2.甜菜随着长残留除草剂氯嘧磺药层在土壤中埋藏深度加深,叶片光合速率增强、气孔导度变大、块根产量增加。除草剂层埋藏0~10cm、10~20cm处理与无除草剂残留的对照相比,差异极显著;除草剂层埋藏30~40cm的处理对甜菜各项生育指标影响较小。
3.马铃薯、甜菜不同生育时期对氯嘧磺隆抗药性表现不同,以减产20%除草剂浓度为临界值,马铃薯苗期土壤中残留除草剂临界浓度为0.09 mg·kg~(-1) ,始花期临界浓度为0.5 mg·kg~(-1);甜菜叶丛快速增长期临界浓度为0.05 mg·kg~(-1),苗期0.025 mg·kg~(-1)时,植株死亡。
4.土层置换犁能够比较彻底地将表层“疲劳土层”(耕作层)与次表层的“好土层”(心土层)进行位置转换,避免两个土层的重叠混合,以达到休闲“疲劳土层”,即把农药残留的土层置换到下层,减轻残留除草剂对后茬作物的危害。
5.农田土壤0~20cm与20~40cm进行土层置换,与心土耕、浅翻深松改土处理相比,土层置换处理降低了土壤容重、硬度,固相率变小,气相率增大,为植物根系生长提供良好的土壤物理环境。
6.除草剂残留地块,土层置换改土处理,甜菜块根产量为46650 kg·hm-2,分别比心土耕、浅翻深松改土处理增产137.2%、368.9%,增产效果极显著。无除草剂残留的地块,土层置换改土处理的甜菜产量略低于其它两个改土处理,但差异不显著。
7.除草剂残留地块,土层置换改土处理马铃薯块茎产量23709.5 kg·hm-2,分别比心土耕、浅翻深松处理增产31.3%、177.1%;土层置换改土比心土耕、浅翻深松处理淀粉含量分别增加2.56、2.43个百分点,每公顷淀粉产量增加2376.8 kg,维C含量也有所提高。无除草剂残留的地块,土层置换改土处理的马铃薯产量低于其它两个改土处理,差异不显著,但马铃薯的大、中薯所占的比例高于心土耕、浅翻深松处理。
8.人工模拟土层置换改土处理减少了连作大豆田田间杂草种类和数量,有利于控制杂草滋生。
The area of soybean were large in Heilongjiang province, and were planted concentrated, continuous cropping stress, as well as using herbicide for long-term time, which leading to the accumulation of long-term residual herbicide in soil, the phenomenon that herbicide phytotoxicity harmed the second crop were seriously. The influence of crop construction adjustment and sustainable utilization of soil resources were seriously, which had a big influence on agricultural production and farm income. Adopt the unit methods of pot experiment and biological assay, study on the law of spatial distribution of long-term residual herbicide in soil, the natural leaching depth of chlorimuron-ethyl in farmland and the drug resistance to long-term residual herbicide in different growing periods. Confirm the effect of spatial distribution of long-term residual herbicide in soil on beet growth through the simulation experiment in the field. In order to prove the harming degrees of long-term residual herbicide done to plants, Using reversing soil horizon Plow which developed by ourselves to reverse the soil that containing residual herbicide, The objective was to provide theoretical and practical supports for sustainable utilization of long-term residual herbicide in northeast of subnival belt .
The conclusions obtained were as follows:
1. The residual herbicide in soybean field was mainly distributed in 0~20 cm, below 20cm was the safty production depth of beet. The biggest natural leaching depth of chlorimuron-ethyl was 25cm, which forther proved that the smallest amount of residual herbicide which harmed the beet growth was mainly distributed in 0~25cm.
2. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and yield of beet were increased with the buried depths of chlorimuron-ethyl. There was significant differences between 0~10cm, 10~20cm and CK, and the the buried depths of herbicide in 30~40cm had little effect on the other index of beet.
3. The resistence to chlorimuron-ethyl of potato and beet were different at different growth stages. Potato yield decreased by 20% as the critical concentration of herbicide, for potato during potato seedling was 0.09 mg·kg~(-1), and was 0.5mg·kg~(-1) before flowering-period in soil; during beet foliage period of rapid growth was 0.05 mg·kg~(-1), the plant will die when critical concentration was 0.025 mg·kg~(-1) in seedling period.
4. Using reversing soil horizon plow relatively complete to transit soil position between "soil fatigue layer" (plow layer) and "good layer" (subsoil layer), to avoid mixing the two layers overlap, could achieve to leisure "soil fatigue layer", to reduce the harmful to the following crops by turned the herbicide residues soil layer to the lower soil layer.
5. Compare with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, treatment of the replacement 0 ~ 20cm and 20 ~40cm soil layers could decreased soil bulk density, hardness and solid fraction, and increased gas rate in soil, which soil replacement could provide good soil physical environment for the growth of plant roots.
6. Replacing soil layer in herbicide residues soil could achieve beet yield of 46650kg.hm-2. Compared with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, beet yield was increased significantly by 137.2%, 368.9%, respectively. No herbicides residues soil, beet yield of soil replacement treatment was slightly lower than the other two treaments but the difference was not significant.
7. Replacing soil layer could achieve potato yield of 23709.5kg?hm-2 in herbicide residues soil. Compared with subsoil tillage and shallow subsoiling, potato yield was increased significantly by 31.3%、177.1%; starch content increased by 2.56%, 2.43%; victoria C content also increased. No herbicides residues soil, potato yield of soil replacement treatment was slightly lower, the difference was not significant, but the potato commodity rate was higher than the other two treatments.
8. The type of weed and quantity in soybean field were reduced by soil replacement treatment, so it was beneficial to control rank grass.
引文
程慕如,孙致远. 2000 .三种磺酰脲类除草剂的光解和水解作用[J].植物保护学报. 27(1):93-94
董艳,董坤,郑毅等. 2009 .种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报. 13(3):36-40
黑龙江省统计局国家统计局黑龙江调查总队. 2008 .黑龙江省统计年签[M]中国统计出版社,123-124
黑龙江省土地管理局. 1980 .黑龙江土壤[M].北京农业出版社,149-150
胡江春,王书锦. 1996 .大豆连作紫青霉菌的毒素作用研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):396-400
黄春艳. 2006 .黑龙江省2005年农药药害发生特点及2006年预防建议[J].黑龙江农业科学. 9(4):41-4
韩熹莱主编. 2006 .农药概论[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社, 1-5
胡凡. 1999.豆威(CLASSIC)防除豆田杂草试验研究[J].大豆科学. 14(2):144-149
姜超英,潘文杰. 2007 .作物连作的土壤障碍因子综述[J].中国农村小康科技. 27(3):26-28
梁晨,吕国忠. 2002 .辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌[J].沈阳农业大学学报. 33(3):185-187
刘波,关成宏,王险峰等. 2006 .谢丽华.我国东北地区常见除草剂药害原因分析与解决方法[J]. 45(6):369-373
李德平. 1996 .磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的物理化学行为[J].土壤. (3):128-133
刘长江,门万杰,刘彦军等. 2002 .农药对土壤的污染及污染土壤的生物修复[J].农业系统科学与综合研究.18(4):291-292
刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强等. 2003 .土壤中有机污染物的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤. 35(3):187-192
李淑琴,赵景兴等. 1998 .氯嘧磺隆在大豆田使用技术研究[J].农药. 37 (8):31-33
律兆松等. 1991 .我国主要白浆土特性及其与生态环境的关系[J].土壤. 21(2):105
施恒桃,刘曙照,袁树忠等. 2000 .玉米对胺苯磺隆的敏感性及其在土壤残留测定中的应用[J]江苏农业研究. 31(21):77-78
孙光闻,陈日远,刘厚诚. 2005 .设施蔬菜连作障碍原因及防治措施[J]农业工程学报. 12(21): 184-187
孙威江. 1998 .农艺措施对茶叶农药残留成分降解的作用[J].福建农业大学学报. 27(3):307-311
苏少泉. 2001 .除草剂作用靶标与新品种创制[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1-2
苏少泉. 1995 .徐其忠等.豆磺隆使用技术的若干问题[J].农药科学与管理. 6(1):22-23
宋艳宇. 2006 .氯嘧磺隆在大豆田的残留动态及其降解菌的特性研究[D].吉林农业大学硕士论文
苏少泉. 1998 .长残留除草剂对后茬作物安全性问题[J].农药. 37(12):4-7
孙铁珩,周启星,李培军主编. 1984 .污染生态学[M].科学出版社, 302-304
唐除痴,李煜昶,陈彬等. 1998 .农药化学[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 3-5
王金龙,徐冉,陈存来等. 2000 .大豆连作下土壤环境条件变化的概述[J].大豆科学. 19(4):367-371
王焕民. 1995 .磺酰脲类及咪唑啉酮类除草剂的特性及其应用问题[J].农药科学与管理. 17(1):18-21
王险峰,关成宏,辛明远. 2003 .我国长残效除草剂使用概况、问题及对策[J].农药. 42(3):5-10
辛洪生,胡瑞轩,张风彬. 2002 .黑龙江省大豆连作施肥技术[J].种子世界. 16(1):41-43
信欣,蔡鹤生. 2004 .农药污染土壤的植物修复研究[J].植物保护. 30(l):8-11
许艳丽,韩晓增. 1995 .大豆重迎茬研究[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1-5
虞云龙,樊德方,陈鹤鑫. 1996 .农药微生物降解的研究现状与发展策略[J].环境科学进展. 4(3):28-36
郑金来,李君文,晁福寰. 2001 .常见农药降解微生物研究进展及展望[J].环境科学研究. 14(2):62-64
张印,黄常柱,赵寅. 2004 .黑龙江省富裕县豆田除草剂使用中存在的问题[J].大豆通报. 21(3):8-9
曾士迈. 1996 .中国植物保护研究进展[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,37-39
薛晓敏,王金政,张安宁等. 2009.果树再植障碍的研究进展[J].中国农学通报13(01):23-27
Zhang B, Zhang H, Jin B et al. 2008 .Effect of cypermethrin insecticideon the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere[J]. J EnvironSci. 20(11):1356-1362
Anaya A L, Mata M R, Miranda R. 1990 .Allelopathic poten-tial of compounds isolated from ipomoea tricolor [J]. J Chem Ecol. 16:2145-2152
Andson J J, Dulka J J. 1985 .Environmental fate of sulfo-meturonmethy linae robic soils[J]. Agric Food Chem. 33:596-602
Anderson T. 1993 .A.Brioremediation in rhizosphere[J]. Environ. Sci.Technol. 27(13):2630-2635
Alvarez Benedy J, Carton A, Ferna'ndez J C. 1998 .Sorption of tribenuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron and imazamethabenz-methyl by soils[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46:2840-2844
Bemhard M, Berger. Leewolfe. 1996 .Hydrolysis and biodegradation of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous buffers and anaerobic water-sediment systems: assessing fate pathway susing moleculard escriptors[J]. Environ Toxieol and Chem. 15(9):1500-1508
Bending G D, Frilouxm, Walker A. 2002 .Degradation of contrasting pesti-cides by whiter of fungi and its relationship with ligninolytic potential[J]. Fems Mcrobiology Letters. 212:59-63
Basham G T, Lavy T L, Oliver L R et al. 1987 .Imazaquin persistence and mobilityin three Arkansas soils[J]. Weed Science. 35:576-582
Dcunning S. D. 1995 .Remediation of contaminated soils[J]. Trendin biotechnology. 13(9):393-397
Datko A H, Mudd S H. 1985. Uptake of amino acids and other or-ganic compounds by Lemna paucicostata[J]. Hegelm.Plant Physiol. 77:770-778
Dasllva A C R, Ferro J A, Reinach F C et al. 2002 .Comparison of thegenomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differin ghost specificities[J]. Na-ture. 417:459-463
Dai S G. 1996 .Environmental Chemistry[M]. Beijing: Ad-vanced Education Press, 313
EatonR W, Karns J S. 1991 .Cloning and analysis of s-triazinc catabolic genes from Pseuodomonassp.strain NR-RLB-12227[J]. Bacteriol. 173:1215-1222
Eaton R W, Karns J S. 1991 .Cloning and comparison of the DNA encoding am-melide aminohydrolase and cyanuric acid aminohydrolase from three s-triazine-degrading bacterial strains[J]. Bacteriol. 173:1363-1366
Fueslertp, Hanafey M K. 1990. Effect of moisture on ch1orimuron degradation in soil[J]. Weed Sci. 38:256-261
Guenzi W D, McCalla T M. 1966 .Phenolic acids in oats, wheat, sorghum and corn residues and their phytotox-icity [J]. Agron J. 58:303-304
Gigliottic, Allievii, Salardic et a1. 1998 .Micro-bialeco toxicity and persistence in soil of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl[J]. J Environ Sci HealthB. 33(4):381-398
Gail A B, William C K, Alan G. Dexter. 2000 .Influence of Soil pH-Sorption Interactions on Imazethapyr Carryover [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistr. 48:1929-1934
Jamesv. 1990 .Chemistry of sulfonylurea herbicides[J]. Pesticide Science. 29:247-254
Joshimm, Brown H M, Romesser J A. 1985 .Degrada-tionofchlor sulfur on by soil microorganism[J]. Weed Sci. 33:888-893
Jerome B W, Mckinnon E J, Swain L R. 2003 .Sorption and Mobility of 4C-Labeled Imazaquin and Metolachlor in Four Soils As Influenced by Soil Properties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51:5752-5759
Kevinl. 2000 .Pesticide hydroxyl radicalrate constants measurements and estimates of their importance ina-quatic environments[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.19(9):2175-2180
Kerry K, Ericl Z, Brucent. 1997 .Microbialtrans-formation of prosulfuron[J]. AgileFoodChem. 45:1479-1485
KrugerE L, Anhalt J C, Sorenson D et al. 1997 .Atrazine degradation inpesticide-contaminated soils Phytore mediation potential[J]. ACSSym. Ser. 664:54-64
Lodehi M A K, Bilal R, Malik K A. 1987 .Allelopathy in agroec-osystems:wheat phytotocxicity and its possible roles incrop rotation [J]. J Chem Ecol. 3:1881-1891
Lappin H M, Greaves M P, Slater R H. 1986 .Degradation of methyl parathion by amixed bacterial culture and a bacillussp isolated from different soils[J]. Appl EnvironMicrobiol. 49:429-433
Lan W S, Gu J D, Zhang J L et al. 2006 .Coexpression of two detoxifying pesti-cide-degradingenzymes in a genetically engineered bacterium[J]. International Biodegradation. 58:70-76
Loux M M, Reese K D. 1992 .Effect of soil pH on adsorption and persistence of imazaquin[J]. Weed Science. 40:490-496
Marucchinic, Vischettic, Businelliim. 1991 .Ki-netics and degradation mechanism of chlorsulfuron in Soils[J]. Agrochimical. 35:69-77
Negre M, Schulten H R, Gennari, M et al. 2001 .Interaction of imidazolinone herbicides with soil humicacids. Experimental results and molecular modeling[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. 36:107-125
Pohlenz H D, Boido L W, Schutikei et al. 1992 .Purification and properties of anarthrobacteraxydansp carbamate hydrolase specific for the herbicidephn-medipham and nucleotide sequence of the correspomding gene[J]. Bacteriol. 174:6600-6607
Renner K A, Meggitt W F, Penner D. 1988 .Effect of soil pH on imazaquin and imazethapyr adsorption to soil and phytotoxicity to corn (Zea mays)[J]. Weed Science. 36:78-83
Sasser J N, Uzzell Jr G. 1991 .Control of the soybean cystnematode by crop rotation in combination with a nematicide[J]. Nematol. 23(3):344-347
Sarmahka, Kookanars, Michael J D. 2000 .Hy-drolysis of triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and chlor-sulfur on inalkaline soil and aqueous solutions[J]. Pes Manag Sci. 56(5):463-471
Smithae. 1990 .Soil persistence of thifensulfuron-methy(DPX-M6316) and phytotoxicity of the major degradation product[J]. CanJSoilSci. 70:485-491
Turco R F, Bischoff M, Breakwell D P et al. 1990 .Contribu-tion of soil-borne bacteria to the rotation effect in corn[J]. Plant Soil. 122:115-120
Thirunarayanan K R. 1985 .Chlorsulfuron odsorption and dogradation in soil[J]. Weed Science. 33:558-563
董艳,董坤,郑毅等. 2009 .种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报. 13(3):36-40
黑龙江省统计局国家统计局黑龙江调查总队. 2008 .黑龙江省统计年签[M]中国统计出版社,123-124
黑龙江省土地管理局. 1980 .黑龙江土壤[M].北京农业出版社,149-150
胡江春,王书锦. 1996 .大豆连作紫青霉菌的毒素作用研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):396-400
黄春艳. 2006 .黑龙江省2005年农药药害发生特点及2006年预防建议[J].黑龙江农业科学. 9(4):41-4
韩熹莱主编. 2006 .农药概论[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社, 1-5
胡凡. 1999.豆威(CLASSIC)防除豆田杂草试验研究[J].大豆科学. 14(2):144-149
姜超英,潘文杰. 2007 .作物连作的土壤障碍因子综述[J].中国农村小康科技. 27(3):26-28
梁晨,吕国忠. 2002 .辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌[J].沈阳农业大学学报. 33(3):185-187
刘波,关成宏,王险峰等. 2006 .谢丽华.我国东北地区常见除草剂药害原因分析与解决方法[J]. 45(6):369-373
李德平. 1996 .磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的物理化学行为[J].土壤. (3):128-133
刘长江,门万杰,刘彦军等. 2002 .农药对土壤的污染及污染土壤的生物修复[J].农业系统科学与综合研究.18(4):291-292
刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强等. 2003 .土壤中有机污染物的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤. 35(3):187-192
李淑琴,赵景兴等. 1998 .氯嘧磺隆在大豆田使用技术研究[J].农药. 37 (8):31-33
律兆松等. 1991 .我国主要白浆土特性及其与生态环境的关系[J].土壤. 21(2):105
施恒桃,刘曙照,袁树忠等. 2000 .玉米对胺苯磺隆的敏感性及其在土壤残留测定中的应用[J]江苏农业研究. 31(21):77-78
孙光闻,陈日远,刘厚诚. 2005 .设施蔬菜连作障碍原因及防治措施[J]农业工程学报. 12(21): 184-187
孙威江. 1998 .农艺措施对茶叶农药残留成分降解的作用[J].福建农业大学学报. 27(3):307-311
苏少泉. 2001 .除草剂作用靶标与新品种创制[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1-2
苏少泉. 1995 .徐其忠等.豆磺隆使用技术的若干问题[J].农药科学与管理. 6(1):22-23
宋艳宇. 2006 .氯嘧磺隆在大豆田的残留动态及其降解菌的特性研究[D].吉林农业大学硕士论文
苏少泉. 1998 .长残留除草剂对后茬作物安全性问题[J].农药. 37(12):4-7
孙铁珩,周启星,李培军主编. 1984 .污染生态学[M].科学出版社, 302-304
唐除痴,李煜昶,陈彬等. 1998 .农药化学[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 3-5
王金龙,徐冉,陈存来等. 2000 .大豆连作下土壤环境条件变化的概述[J].大豆科学. 19(4):367-371
王焕民. 1995 .磺酰脲类及咪唑啉酮类除草剂的特性及其应用问题[J].农药科学与管理. 17(1):18-21
王险峰,关成宏,辛明远. 2003 .我国长残效除草剂使用概况、问题及对策[J].农药. 42(3):5-10
辛洪生,胡瑞轩,张风彬. 2002 .黑龙江省大豆连作施肥技术[J].种子世界. 16(1):41-43
信欣,蔡鹤生. 2004 .农药污染土壤的植物修复研究[J].植物保护. 30(l):8-11
许艳丽,韩晓增. 1995 .大豆重迎茬研究[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1-5
虞云龙,樊德方,陈鹤鑫. 1996 .农药微生物降解的研究现状与发展策略[J].环境科学进展. 4(3):28-36
郑金来,李君文,晁福寰. 2001 .常见农药降解微生物研究进展及展望[J].环境科学研究. 14(2):62-64
张印,黄常柱,赵寅. 2004 .黑龙江省富裕县豆田除草剂使用中存在的问题[J].大豆通报. 21(3):8-9
曾士迈. 1996 .中国植物保护研究进展[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,37-39
薛晓敏,王金政,张安宁等. 2009.果树再植障碍的研究进展[J].中国农学通报13(01):23-27
Zhang B, Zhang H, Jin B et al. 2008 .Effect of cypermethrin insecticideon the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere[J]. J EnvironSci. 20(11):1356-1362
Anaya A L, Mata M R, Miranda R. 1990 .Allelopathic poten-tial of compounds isolated from ipomoea tricolor [J]. J Chem Ecol. 16:2145-2152
Andson J J, Dulka J J. 1985 .Environmental fate of sulfo-meturonmethy linae robic soils[J]. Agric Food Chem. 33:596-602
Anderson T. 1993 .A.Brioremediation in rhizosphere[J]. Environ. Sci.Technol. 27(13):2630-2635
Alvarez Benedy J, Carton A, Ferna'ndez J C. 1998 .Sorption of tribenuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron and imazamethabenz-methyl by soils[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46:2840-2844
Bemhard M, Berger. Leewolfe. 1996 .Hydrolysis and biodegradation of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous buffers and anaerobic water-sediment systems: assessing fate pathway susing moleculard escriptors[J]. Environ Toxieol and Chem. 15(9):1500-1508
Bending G D, Frilouxm, Walker A. 2002 .Degradation of contrasting pesti-cides by whiter of fungi and its relationship with ligninolytic potential[J]. Fems Mcrobiology Letters. 212:59-63
Basham G T, Lavy T L, Oliver L R et al. 1987 .Imazaquin persistence and mobilityin three Arkansas soils[J]. Weed Science. 35:576-582
Dcunning S. D. 1995 .Remediation of contaminated soils[J]. Trendin biotechnology. 13(9):393-397
Datko A H, Mudd S H. 1985. Uptake of amino acids and other or-ganic compounds by Lemna paucicostata[J]. Hegelm.Plant Physiol. 77:770-778
Dasllva A C R, Ferro J A, Reinach F C et al. 2002 .Comparison of thegenomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differin ghost specificities[J]. Na-ture. 417:459-463
Dai S G. 1996 .Environmental Chemistry[M]. Beijing: Ad-vanced Education Press, 313
EatonR W, Karns J S. 1991 .Cloning and analysis of s-triazinc catabolic genes from Pseuodomonassp.strain NR-RLB-12227[J]. Bacteriol. 173:1215-1222
Eaton R W, Karns J S. 1991 .Cloning and comparison of the DNA encoding am-melide aminohydrolase and cyanuric acid aminohydrolase from three s-triazine-degrading bacterial strains[J]. Bacteriol. 173:1363-1366
Fueslertp, Hanafey M K. 1990. Effect of moisture on ch1orimuron degradation in soil[J]. Weed Sci. 38:256-261
Guenzi W D, McCalla T M. 1966 .Phenolic acids in oats, wheat, sorghum and corn residues and their phytotox-icity [J]. Agron J. 58:303-304
Gigliottic, Allievii, Salardic et a1. 1998 .Micro-bialeco toxicity and persistence in soil of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl[J]. J Environ Sci HealthB. 33(4):381-398
Gail A B, William C K, Alan G. Dexter. 2000 .Influence of Soil pH-Sorption Interactions on Imazethapyr Carryover [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistr. 48:1929-1934
Jamesv. 1990 .Chemistry of sulfonylurea herbicides[J]. Pesticide Science. 29:247-254
Joshimm, Brown H M, Romesser J A. 1985 .Degrada-tionofchlor sulfur on by soil microorganism[J]. Weed Sci. 33:888-893
Jerome B W, Mckinnon E J, Swain L R. 2003 .Sorption and Mobility of 4C-Labeled Imazaquin and Metolachlor in Four Soils As Influenced by Soil Properties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51:5752-5759
Kevinl. 2000 .Pesticide hydroxyl radicalrate constants measurements and estimates of their importance ina-quatic environments[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.19(9):2175-2180
Kerry K, Ericl Z, Brucent. 1997 .Microbialtrans-formation of prosulfuron[J]. AgileFoodChem. 45:1479-1485
KrugerE L, Anhalt J C, Sorenson D et al. 1997 .Atrazine degradation inpesticide-contaminated soils Phytore mediation potential[J]. ACSSym. Ser. 664:54-64
Lodehi M A K, Bilal R, Malik K A. 1987 .Allelopathy in agroec-osystems:wheat phytotocxicity and its possible roles incrop rotation [J]. J Chem Ecol. 3:1881-1891
Lappin H M, Greaves M P, Slater R H. 1986 .Degradation of methyl parathion by amixed bacterial culture and a bacillussp isolated from different soils[J]. Appl EnvironMicrobiol. 49:429-433
Lan W S, Gu J D, Zhang J L et al. 2006 .Coexpression of two detoxifying pesti-cide-degradingenzymes in a genetically engineered bacterium[J]. International Biodegradation. 58:70-76
Loux M M, Reese K D. 1992 .Effect of soil pH on adsorption and persistence of imazaquin[J]. Weed Science. 40:490-496
Marucchinic, Vischettic, Businelliim. 1991 .Ki-netics and degradation mechanism of chlorsulfuron in Soils[J]. Agrochimical. 35:69-77
Negre M, Schulten H R, Gennari, M et al. 2001 .Interaction of imidazolinone herbicides with soil humicacids. Experimental results and molecular modeling[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. 36:107-125
Pohlenz H D, Boido L W, Schutikei et al. 1992 .Purification and properties of anarthrobacteraxydansp carbamate hydrolase specific for the herbicidephn-medipham and nucleotide sequence of the correspomding gene[J]. Bacteriol. 174:6600-6607
Renner K A, Meggitt W F, Penner D. 1988 .Effect of soil pH on imazaquin and imazethapyr adsorption to soil and phytotoxicity to corn (Zea mays)[J]. Weed Science. 36:78-83
Sasser J N, Uzzell Jr G. 1991 .Control of the soybean cystnematode by crop rotation in combination with a nematicide[J]. Nematol. 23(3):344-347
Sarmahka, Kookanars, Michael J D. 2000 .Hy-drolysis of triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and chlor-sulfur on inalkaline soil and aqueous solutions[J]. Pes Manag Sci. 56(5):463-471
Smithae. 1990 .Soil persistence of thifensulfuron-methy(DPX-M6316) and phytotoxicity of the major degradation product[J]. CanJSoilSci. 70:485-491
Turco R F, Bischoff M, Breakwell D P et al. 1990 .Contribu-tion of soil-borne bacteria to the rotation effect in corn[J]. Plant Soil. 122:115-120
Thirunarayanan K R. 1985 .Chlorsulfuron odsorption and dogradation in soil[J]. Weed Science. 33:558-563