中国煤矿资源评估与开发可行性研究
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摘要
我国是世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国,具有成煤期多,储量大,分布广,煤种齐全,开发条件较好的特点。随着社会和经济的快速发展,我国对煤炭资源的开发利用也在逐渐增加。就我国当前经济的发展速度来看,煤炭资源的开采量远远不能满足我国的需求量,这就需要我们合理开采和充分利用现有的煤炭资源。煤矿资源评估及可行性研究是矿产开发利用中的一种新兴的研究,在煤矿开采中发挥着极其重要的作用。
我国主要聚煤期有:石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪和第三纪,其中石炭纪、二叠纪在我国聚煤期中占有特殊重要的地位,在这两个时期形成的煤炭,煤质好,主要分布在我国华北和西北地区,距离东南沿海经济开发区很近,便于运输和开采。由于煤盆地构造特征和含煤性的差异,中国含煤地层的空间分布形成了东北、西北、华北、西南、华南五大聚煤区。
可行性研究的主要内容包括对矿山资源储量、矿山周边环境保护措施、矿山工程的安全及投资效益等诸多方面的评估。它是保证建设项目用最少的投资耗费得到最佳的经济效果的科学手段,也是实现建设项目在技术上先进、经济上合理和建设上可行的科学方法。
利用内蒙古东明煤矿这一实例,对其煤炭资源进行评估与开发可行性研究,并对煤矿资源潜力进行评价。东明露天煤矿矿区内的含煤地层发育于白垩纪,其中含煤段共含6个煤层群14个煤层。该煤矿的煤种属于低中灰份、高挥发份、中等发热量、特低硫、低磷的褐煤,煤质变化幅度不大,主要适合于火力发电及锅炉用煤、民用生活燃料、煤化工转化的原料煤。
煤矿在开采中所带来的环境问题,也是近年来研究的热门问题,引起煤矿环境污染的因素归纳起来主要分为固体废物、废水、废气、粉尘、岩体移动、矿井热、噪声七种。煤矿所造成的环境污染的方式是多种多样的,既有直接污染也有间接污染,既有化学污染又有物理污染,还有生物污染。针对煤矿主要污染因素,提出相应地治理对策。
China is the biggest coal production and consumption in the world. The coal has many formative periods, large reserves, widespread, wide variety, and better mining conditions. With the development of society and economy, the exploitation of the coal is accelerating in our country. To the development speed of our current economy, the coal of the exploitation volume is far from meeting our demand. So we should rationally exploit and make full use of the existing coal. Coal resource assessment and development feasibility study is one of the new minerals exploitation, and plays an important part in the mining.
In our country the main of the coal forming period include Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, Carboniferous and Permian were special important positions in our country of the coal forming period. The coal that two periods had formed had good quality, and was distributed mainly over North China and northwest where were close to the Southeast coastal area of economic development. That is convenient to exploit.
The main content of feasibility study include assessment in many respects, such as the mine of resources reserves, taking measures to protect the mine environment, the safe of the mine engineering, investment benefit evaluation and so on. It is scientific mean to ensure that construction projects use the least investment cost and get the best economic effects. It is also the scientific method to realize construction projects technically advanced, rationality on the economy and feasibility in the construction. As the example of Inner Mongolia Dongming Coal Mine, I can carry out the coal resource assessment and development feasibility study, and predict the potential. Dongming Coal Mine locates on the west of Bao Rixi straps, the coal bearing formation is the Cretaceous, the coal bearing interval has 6 coal seam groups and 14 coal beds. The coal belong lignite which has the feature low and medium ash, high volatile, special low sulfur, medium calorific value, low phosphorus. It uses to thermal power generation, Steam Coal, the fuel of daily life, the raw materials of coal chemical industry.
For the past few years, the study of pollution in the mining is also the hot problem. The factors of pollution in the mining mainly comprise solid waste, waste water, waste gas, bug dust, rock mass displacement, the heat of mines, noise. Using the factor of polluting, we can establish the corresponding solutions.
我国主要聚煤期有:石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪和第三纪,其中石炭纪、二叠纪在我国聚煤期中占有特殊重要的地位,在这两个时期形成的煤炭,煤质好,主要分布在我国华北和西北地区,距离东南沿海经济开发区很近,便于运输和开采。由于煤盆地构造特征和含煤性的差异,中国含煤地层的空间分布形成了东北、西北、华北、西南、华南五大聚煤区。
可行性研究的主要内容包括对矿山资源储量、矿山周边环境保护措施、矿山工程的安全及投资效益等诸多方面的评估。它是保证建设项目用最少的投资耗费得到最佳的经济效果的科学手段,也是实现建设项目在技术上先进、经济上合理和建设上可行的科学方法。
利用内蒙古东明煤矿这一实例,对其煤炭资源进行评估与开发可行性研究,并对煤矿资源潜力进行评价。东明露天煤矿矿区内的含煤地层发育于白垩纪,其中含煤段共含6个煤层群14个煤层。该煤矿的煤种属于低中灰份、高挥发份、中等发热量、特低硫、低磷的褐煤,煤质变化幅度不大,主要适合于火力发电及锅炉用煤、民用生活燃料、煤化工转化的原料煤。
煤矿在开采中所带来的环境问题,也是近年来研究的热门问题,引起煤矿环境污染的因素归纳起来主要分为固体废物、废水、废气、粉尘、岩体移动、矿井热、噪声七种。煤矿所造成的环境污染的方式是多种多样的,既有直接污染也有间接污染,既有化学污染又有物理污染,还有生物污染。针对煤矿主要污染因素,提出相应地治理对策。
China is the biggest coal production and consumption in the world. The coal has many formative periods, large reserves, widespread, wide variety, and better mining conditions. With the development of society and economy, the exploitation of the coal is accelerating in our country. To the development speed of our current economy, the coal of the exploitation volume is far from meeting our demand. So we should rationally exploit and make full use of the existing coal. Coal resource assessment and development feasibility study is one of the new minerals exploitation, and plays an important part in the mining.
In our country the main of the coal forming period include Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, Carboniferous and Permian were special important positions in our country of the coal forming period. The coal that two periods had formed had good quality, and was distributed mainly over North China and northwest where were close to the Southeast coastal area of economic development. That is convenient to exploit.
The main content of feasibility study include assessment in many respects, such as the mine of resources reserves, taking measures to protect the mine environment, the safe of the mine engineering, investment benefit evaluation and so on. It is scientific mean to ensure that construction projects use the least investment cost and get the best economic effects. It is also the scientific method to realize construction projects technically advanced, rationality on the economy and feasibility in the construction. As the example of Inner Mongolia Dongming Coal Mine, I can carry out the coal resource assessment and development feasibility study, and predict the potential. Dongming Coal Mine locates on the west of Bao Rixi straps, the coal bearing formation is the Cretaceous, the coal bearing interval has 6 coal seam groups and 14 coal beds. The coal belong lignite which has the feature low and medium ash, high volatile, special low sulfur, medium calorific value, low phosphorus. It uses to thermal power generation, Steam Coal, the fuel of daily life, the raw materials of coal chemical industry.
For the past few years, the study of pollution in the mining is also the hot problem. The factors of pollution in the mining mainly comprise solid waste, waste water, waste gas, bug dust, rock mass displacement, the heat of mines, noise. Using the factor of polluting, we can establish the corresponding solutions.
引文
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B.W.麦肯齐.矿产经济学[J].冶金工业部冀东黑色冶金矿山设计研究院情报室,1985,(4):25.
Bouska,V..Geochemistry of coal.Akademia Progue,1981.
Homer Aschmann, The natural history of a mine [J]. Economic Geography, 1970(2):172-189.
Keana J H. The Towns that Coal Built: the Evolution of Landscapes and Communities in Southern Colorado [M]. University of Hawaii Press, APCG Yearbook. Vol. 62, 2000.
Luca D F, Jane W J. The effectiveness of provisions and quality of practices concerning public participation in EIA in Italy [J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2002, 20(4):457~479.
Ortslan Terence. Mineral Economic [J]. CIM BULL, 1998 (4).
SCHOLES P L,JOHNSON D.Coalbed methane application of wireline logs.AAPG Studies in Geology 38, 287~302.
SCOTT A T.Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances. Geological Society Special Publication.1987, 32:51~66.
Smith LD., Discount rates and risk assessment in mineral project evaluation [J]. CIM Bulletin, 1995,(4).
STACH E, MACKOWSKY M-TH, TEICHMULLER M, et al.Stach’s Textbook of Coal Petrology, 3rd ed.Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1982.
白浚仁.煤岩学[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
白浚仁.煤质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.
曹代勇,等.煤炭地质勘查与评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.
陈家良,邵震杰,秦勇.能源地质学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
陈鹏.中国煤炭性质、分类和利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
地质矿产行业标准:煤、泥炭地质勘查规范(DZ/T0215-2002)
法律出版社编.中华人民共和国矿产资源法[M ].北京:法律出版社,1996.
盖静.矿产资源资产评估的理论及其方法[J].中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2002.
国家标准:固体矿产地质勘查规范总则(GB/T13908-2002).
国家标准:固体矿产资源/储量分类(GB/T17766-1999).
胡晓清,任一鑫.煤炭资源形势分析及对策[J].煤炭经济研究,2001,(3):30-31
黄克兴,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部早、中侏罗世古气候[J].煤田地质与勘探,1988,(1).
李瑞生,顾谷生,等.中国的含煤地层[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
李思田,程守田,杨士恭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
李万亨,等.矿山建设项目可行性研究及经济评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
李万亨,杨昌明,等.矿产资源经济学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995.
李延江.煤炭资源型城市可持续发展[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
李增学,等.煤地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
李增学,魏久传,魏振岱,等.含煤盆地层序地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
刘海滨,邵震杰.矿产资源价值评估的理论与方法研究综述[J].地质科技情报,1999,(2):41-44.
钱大都,魏斌贤,李钰,等.中国煤炭资源总论[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
邵震杰,任文忠,陈家良,等.煤田地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993.
陶家元.矿区资源环境的保护与可持续发展[J].华中师范大学学报,1997,(3):100-106
王丽丽.资源开发利用与环境保护[J].山西科技,2002,(1):9-11
王仁农,李桂春.中国含煤盆地演化和聚煤规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.
王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
王熙真,朱榔如,王杰.中国煤田的形成与分布[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
吴景龙.内蒙古煤炭资源开发利用现状及对策研究[J].煤炭工程,2008,(2):101-102
吴景龙.内蒙古煤炭资源开发利用现状及对策研究[J].煤炭工程,2008.
肖荣阁,等.矿产资源评价与矿业权评估[J].资源与产业,2009.
杨海燕,杨福英.关于煤矿行业污染治理的思考[J].中小企业管理与科技,2009,(8):212
杨孟达,等.煤矿地质学[M].煤炭工业出版社,2000.
赵鹏大,等.矿产勘查理论与方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2001.
赵鹏大,李万亨.矿床勘查与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
中国煤田地质总局.中国含煤盆地演化和聚煤规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997.
中国煤田地质总局.中国聚煤作用系统分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
中国煤田地质总局.中国煤田地质勘探史[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993.
朱裕生,等.矿产资源评价方法学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.
朱裕生,等.矿产资源潜力评价在我国的发展[J].中国地质,1999,11.
左治兴,孙学森,等.矿产资源评价理论与方法评述[J].中国矿业,2005.
B.W.麦肯齐.矿产经济学[J].冶金工业部冀东黑色冶金矿山设计研究院情报室,1985,(4):25.
Bouska,V..Geochemistry of coal.Akademia Progue,1981.
Homer Aschmann, The natural history of a mine [J]. Economic Geography, 1970(2):172-189.
Keana J H. The Towns that Coal Built: the Evolution of Landscapes and Communities in Southern Colorado [M]. University of Hawaii Press, APCG Yearbook. Vol. 62, 2000.
Luca D F, Jane W J. The effectiveness of provisions and quality of practices concerning public participation in EIA in Italy [J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2002, 20(4):457~479.
Ortslan Terence. Mineral Economic [J]. CIM BULL, 1998 (4).
SCHOLES P L,JOHNSON D.Coalbed methane application of wireline logs.AAPG Studies in Geology 38, 287~302.
SCOTT A T.Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances. Geological Society Special Publication.1987, 32:51~66.
Smith LD., Discount rates and risk assessment in mineral project evaluation [J]. CIM Bulletin, 1995,(4).
STACH E, MACKOWSKY M-TH, TEICHMULLER M, et al.Stach’s Textbook of Coal Petrology, 3rd ed.Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1982.
白浚仁.煤岩学[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
白浚仁.煤质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.
曹代勇,等.煤炭地质勘查与评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.
陈家良,邵震杰,秦勇.能源地质学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
陈鹏.中国煤炭性质、分类和利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
地质矿产行业标准:煤、泥炭地质勘查规范(DZ/T0215-2002)
法律出版社编.中华人民共和国矿产资源法[M ].北京:法律出版社,1996.
盖静.矿产资源资产评估的理论及其方法[J].中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2002.
国家标准:固体矿产地质勘查规范总则(GB/T13908-2002).
国家标准:固体矿产资源/储量分类(GB/T17766-1999).
胡晓清,任一鑫.煤炭资源形势分析及对策[J].煤炭经济研究,2001,(3):30-31
黄克兴,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部早、中侏罗世古气候[J].煤田地质与勘探,1988,(1).
李瑞生,顾谷生,等.中国的含煤地层[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
李思田,程守田,杨士恭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
李万亨,等.矿山建设项目可行性研究及经济评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
李万亨,杨昌明,等.矿产资源经济学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995.
李延江.煤炭资源型城市可持续发展[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
李增学,等.煤地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
李增学,魏久传,魏振岱,等.含煤盆地层序地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
刘海滨,邵震杰.矿产资源价值评估的理论与方法研究综述[J].地质科技情报,1999,(2):41-44.
钱大都,魏斌贤,李钰,等.中国煤炭资源总论[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
邵震杰,任文忠,陈家良,等.煤田地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993.
陶家元.矿区资源环境的保护与可持续发展[J].华中师范大学学报,1997,(3):100-106
王丽丽.资源开发利用与环境保护[J].山西科技,2002,(1):9-11
王仁农,李桂春.中国含煤盆地演化和聚煤规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.
王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
王熙真,朱榔如,王杰.中国煤田的形成与分布[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
吴景龙.内蒙古煤炭资源开发利用现状及对策研究[J].煤炭工程,2008,(2):101-102
吴景龙.内蒙古煤炭资源开发利用现状及对策研究[J].煤炭工程,2008.
肖荣阁,等.矿产资源评价与矿业权评估[J].资源与产业,2009.
杨海燕,杨福英.关于煤矿行业污染治理的思考[J].中小企业管理与科技,2009,(8):212
杨孟达,等.煤矿地质学[M].煤炭工业出版社,2000.
赵鹏大,等.矿产勘查理论与方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2001.
赵鹏大,李万亨.矿床勘查与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
中国煤田地质总局.中国含煤盆地演化和聚煤规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997.
中国煤田地质总局.中国聚煤作用系统分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
中国煤田地质总局.中国煤田地质勘探史[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993.
朱裕生,等.矿产资源评价方法学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.
朱裕生,等.矿产资源潜力评价在我国的发展[J].中国地质,1999,11.
左治兴,孙学森,等.矿产资源评价理论与方法评述[J].中国矿业,2005.