菊苣菊粉的产量影响因素分析及其对蛋鸡的影响试验
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摘要
本试验在课题组已有基础上,进行了适合提取菊粉的菊苣高产品种的筛选,以及该品种在刈割和不刈割两种方式下,根的最佳收获时间的比较研究;存放条件和时间对菊苣根菊粉含量的影响研究;菊粉和菊苣提取物对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响研究。具体内容包括:(1)4个菊苣品种(软化菊苣、奇克利多年生菊苣、欧洲菊苣、普那菊苣)根中菊粉的含量和单位面积产量的比较分析;(2)新鲜菊苣根和烘干菊苣根中菊粉含量在不同温度条件下的变化规律;(3)刈割和不刈割条件下菊苣根中菊粉含量和单位面积产量的变化规律;(4)菊粉和菊苣提取物对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响。主要试验结果如下:
1. 4个菊苣品种中,普那菊苣根中菊粉含量和单位面积产量最高,含量达到300mg/g,产量达到160g/m2。
2.前9周-4℃存放的新鲜菊苣菊粉含量最高,为350～400mg/g;第9周后烘干菊苣根菊粉含量比新鲜根高,其中-4℃干菊苣根菊粉含量比常温和7℃稍高。
3.刈割与否对菊粉的最高含量影响不大,都接近35%,但达到最高含量的时间不同,刈割的菊苣为10月中旬,不刈割的为8月中旬。刈割条件下10月中旬单位面积菊粉的最高产量,达到160g/m2,比不刈割的要高40g/m2多。
4. 1.5%菊粉组蛋鸡采食量比对照组高15.43%(P﹤0.01); 0.1%、0.5%、1.5%、2.0%菊苣提取物组和0.5%菊粉组死淘率为0%,比对照组低12.50%(P﹤0.01);2.0%菊苣提取物组蛋黄色泽提高1.92个罗氏单位(P﹤0.01);0.1%菊粉组血清总脂、血清胆固醇、蛋黄总脂和蛋黄胆固醇分别降低41.10%(P﹤0.01)、36.47%(P﹤0.01)、14.68%(P﹤0.01)和7.87%(P﹥0.05);在降低死淘率和改善蛋黄色泽方面菊苣提取物比菊粉效果好,其他方面菊粉比菊苣提取物好。
5.概括起来,品种、存放时间和温度,割和收获时间都对菊苣菊粉的产量有重要影响;一定量的菊粉或菊苣提取物可以改善蛋鸡的脂肪代谢和降低蛋黄胆固醇。
At present, the domestic research on chicory(CHORIUM INTYBUS L.) inulin still is at the initial stage. This research was to explore preliminarily the output factors and the influence of chicory inulin on layer. The best chicory variety for the highest inulin content and yields was screened from 4 varieties; The best harvest time under the condition of cutting or not was determined for the highest inulin content and yields of the best variety; Inulin content at different time in fresh and roasted chicory root storage at different temperature was measured to find out the best storage methods; Feed intake, intebsity of laying, feed/egg ratio, death and culling rate, average egg weight, eggshape index, eggshell/egg, thickness of egg shell, Haugh unit, egg total lipid contents and triglycerides, total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations was measured to investigate the influence of inulin and chicory extracts on production performance, egg quality and serum lipid of layers. The major results were shown as follows:
Puna Cichorium intybus had the highest content(300mg/g)and yield(160g/m2).
The fresh chicory root stored at -4℃had the highest content at the first 9 weeks, thereafter, the roasted chicory root had a higer content than the fresh root especially stored at -4℃.
Cutting or not had no effect on the inulin content of chicory that were both 35%, but the time chicory had the highest inulin content were mid-October and mid-August respectively. The cuted chicory had the highest inulin yield of 150g/m2 that was 40 g/m2 higher than the not cuted, which were harvested 2 month later than the latter in mid-October.
D grup(BD+1.5%inulin) had higher (P < 0.01) feed intake, B, C, E, F,G grups (BD+0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0% chicory extracts , BD+0.5% inulin) had lowe(rP﹤0.01) death and culling rate ; J grup (BD+2.0% chicory extracts), had higher (P﹤0.01)egg-yolk color , B grup (BD+0.1% inulin) had lower the total serum cholesterol (TC)(P﹤0.01),triglycerides (TG)(P﹤0.01),the total egg cholesterol(P﹤0.01)and triglycerides (P﹥0.05).The chicory extraction were better than inulin in reducing death and culling rate and improving egg-yolk color, but inulin were better than chicory extraction in other items.
The results indicate that the variety, storage temperature and time ,cutting and the harvest time have the important influence to the chicory inulin output;extract from Cichorium intybus L. roots and inulin are able to improve lipid metabolism observed in layers,
1. 4个菊苣品种中,普那菊苣根中菊粉含量和单位面积产量最高,含量达到300mg/g,产量达到160g/m2。
2.前9周-4℃存放的新鲜菊苣菊粉含量最高,为350～400mg/g;第9周后烘干菊苣根菊粉含量比新鲜根高,其中-4℃干菊苣根菊粉含量比常温和7℃稍高。
3.刈割与否对菊粉的最高含量影响不大,都接近35%,但达到最高含量的时间不同,刈割的菊苣为10月中旬,不刈割的为8月中旬。刈割条件下10月中旬单位面积菊粉的最高产量,达到160g/m2,比不刈割的要高40g/m2多。
4. 1.5%菊粉组蛋鸡采食量比对照组高15.43%(P﹤0.01); 0.1%、0.5%、1.5%、2.0%菊苣提取物组和0.5%菊粉组死淘率为0%,比对照组低12.50%(P﹤0.01);2.0%菊苣提取物组蛋黄色泽提高1.92个罗氏单位(P﹤0.01);0.1%菊粉组血清总脂、血清胆固醇、蛋黄总脂和蛋黄胆固醇分别降低41.10%(P﹤0.01)、36.47%(P﹤0.01)、14.68%(P﹤0.01)和7.87%(P﹥0.05);在降低死淘率和改善蛋黄色泽方面菊苣提取物比菊粉效果好,其他方面菊粉比菊苣提取物好。
5.概括起来,品种、存放时间和温度,割和收获时间都对菊苣菊粉的产量有重要影响;一定量的菊粉或菊苣提取物可以改善蛋鸡的脂肪代谢和降低蛋黄胆固醇。
At present, the domestic research on chicory(CHORIUM INTYBUS L.) inulin still is at the initial stage. This research was to explore preliminarily the output factors and the influence of chicory inulin on layer. The best chicory variety for the highest inulin content and yields was screened from 4 varieties; The best harvest time under the condition of cutting or not was determined for the highest inulin content and yields of the best variety; Inulin content at different time in fresh and roasted chicory root storage at different temperature was measured to find out the best storage methods; Feed intake, intebsity of laying, feed/egg ratio, death and culling rate, average egg weight, eggshape index, eggshell/egg, thickness of egg shell, Haugh unit, egg total lipid contents and triglycerides, total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations was measured to investigate the influence of inulin and chicory extracts on production performance, egg quality and serum lipid of layers. The major results were shown as follows:
Puna Cichorium intybus had the highest content(300mg/g)and yield(160g/m2).
The fresh chicory root stored at -4℃had the highest content at the first 9 weeks, thereafter, the roasted chicory root had a higer content than the fresh root especially stored at -4℃.
Cutting or not had no effect on the inulin content of chicory that were both 35%, but the time chicory had the highest inulin content were mid-October and mid-August respectively. The cuted chicory had the highest inulin yield of 150g/m2 that was 40 g/m2 higher than the not cuted, which were harvested 2 month later than the latter in mid-October.
D grup(BD+1.5%inulin) had higher (P < 0.01) feed intake, B, C, E, F,G grups (BD+0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0% chicory extracts , BD+0.5% inulin) had lowe(rP﹤0.01) death and culling rate ; J grup (BD+2.0% chicory extracts), had higher (P﹤0.01)egg-yolk color , B grup (BD+0.1% inulin) had lower the total serum cholesterol (TC)(P﹤0.01),triglycerides (TG)(P﹤0.01),the total egg cholesterol(P﹤0.01)and triglycerides (P﹥0.05).The chicory extraction were better than inulin in reducing death and culling rate and improving egg-yolk color, but inulin were better than chicory extraction in other items.
The results indicate that the variety, storage temperature and time ,cutting and the harvest time have the important influence to the chicory inulin output;extract from Cichorium intybus L. roots and inulin are able to improve lipid metabolism observed in layers,
引文
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