并网系统孤岛检测方法的研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展,电力需求与日剧增,环境影响日益严重,光伏发电、风力发电等新能源发电系统,已经广泛应用于生产、生活中。孤岛效应是并网供电系统中的一种特殊的故障状态,它是指当电网由于电气故障、误操作等原因导致供电中断时,并网发电系统未能检测出停电状态并脱离电网,持续向电网供电,使并网发电系统和周围的负载组成了一个电力公司无法掌握的自给供电孤岛。孤岛发生后,会对电力维修人员的安全和用电设备造成危害。
本文研究了一种基于频率正反馈的有源孤岛检测方法,这种方法可以快速的检测出孤岛现象,同时保证了系统正常工作时的稳定性和回馈电网的电能质量。
本文首先探讨了孤岛检测技术研究的背景和现状,包括各种无源和有源检测方法及其优缺点,详细分析了有功功率和无功功率不匹配时所导致的电压和频率偏移,品质因数对频率偏移的影响,过/欠压、过/欠频保护的非检测区。然后针对现有孤岛检测方法存在检测盲区的问题,重点研究了基于正反馈的有源检测方法,包括电压正反馈和频率正反馈两种方法,分析了正反馈机理,通过仿真比较研究了两种方法的优缺点。为验证本文所研究的孤岛检测方法,介绍了并网逆变器的电路结构和国内外并网标准,比较了多种并网控制方法,设计了一台以TMS320F2812 DSP芯片为控制核心,采用的三态滞环电流控制策略的原理样机,并且给出了数字锁相和孤岛检测的程序流程图,仿真和实验结果均验证了系统方案的可行性和正确性。
Concerning the rising cost of electricity, and environmental impact, smaller environmentally-friendly power sources are extensively used, such as photovoltaic, or wind-driven. If a fault takes place or a breaker is open, all the circuits downstream would be de-energized. However this is not the case when Distributed Generation is used. The islanding problem is defined as a continuation of operation of a grid-connected inverter after the grid has been turned off. Under fault condition, an island condition with power generation and consumption is undesirable for a number of reasons including safety hazards to utility personnel, and potential damage to equipment. Thus islanding detection methods (IDM) must be developed and tested.
The goal of this thesis is to investigate a method used in an inverter based on DG. The active IDM based on frequency positive feedback can measure the island status at high speed and accuracy, and ensure the power quality recycling to the grid.
This thesis introduces the background and development of the anti-islanding techniques, including passive and active IDMs. The power imbalance would result in the shift of voltage and frequency, the quality factor also affects the frequency shift, and the non-detection zone is obvious in OVP/UVP、OFP/UFP. All these problems will be deeply discuss. The thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different IDMs, and proposes active IDMs based on the positive feedback, including voltage positive feedback and frequency positive feedback. Comparing the two methods, the frequency positive feedback is more adequate, and deep discussion is provided. Then the grid-connected structure and standard are introduced. Three-lever hysteresis current control is chosen as the main functions of inverter and simulated with matlab. A TMS320F2812 DSP based prototype is designed including the program of digital phase lock loop and anti-islanding. Simulation and experimental results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis.
本文研究了一种基于频率正反馈的有源孤岛检测方法,这种方法可以快速的检测出孤岛现象,同时保证了系统正常工作时的稳定性和回馈电网的电能质量。
本文首先探讨了孤岛检测技术研究的背景和现状,包括各种无源和有源检测方法及其优缺点,详细分析了有功功率和无功功率不匹配时所导致的电压和频率偏移,品质因数对频率偏移的影响,过/欠压、过/欠频保护的非检测区。然后针对现有孤岛检测方法存在检测盲区的问题,重点研究了基于正反馈的有源检测方法,包括电压正反馈和频率正反馈两种方法,分析了正反馈机理,通过仿真比较研究了两种方法的优缺点。为验证本文所研究的孤岛检测方法,介绍了并网逆变器的电路结构和国内外并网标准,比较了多种并网控制方法,设计了一台以TMS320F2812 DSP芯片为控制核心,采用的三态滞环电流控制策略的原理样机,并且给出了数字锁相和孤岛检测的程序流程图,仿真和实验结果均验证了系统方案的可行性和正确性。
Concerning the rising cost of electricity, and environmental impact, smaller environmentally-friendly power sources are extensively used, such as photovoltaic, or wind-driven. If a fault takes place or a breaker is open, all the circuits downstream would be de-energized. However this is not the case when Distributed Generation is used. The islanding problem is defined as a continuation of operation of a grid-connected inverter after the grid has been turned off. Under fault condition, an island condition with power generation and consumption is undesirable for a number of reasons including safety hazards to utility personnel, and potential damage to equipment. Thus islanding detection methods (IDM) must be developed and tested.
The goal of this thesis is to investigate a method used in an inverter based on DG. The active IDM based on frequency positive feedback can measure the island status at high speed and accuracy, and ensure the power quality recycling to the grid.
This thesis introduces the background and development of the anti-islanding techniques, including passive and active IDMs. The power imbalance would result in the shift of voltage and frequency, the quality factor also affects the frequency shift, and the non-detection zone is obvious in OVP/UVP、OFP/UFP. All these problems will be deeply discuss. The thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different IDMs, and proposes active IDMs based on the positive feedback, including voltage positive feedback and frequency positive feedback. Comparing the two methods, the frequency positive feedback is more adequate, and deep discussion is provided. Then the grid-connected structure and standard are introduced. Three-lever hysteresis current control is chosen as the main functions of inverter and simulated with matlab. A TMS320F2812 DSP based prototype is designed including the program of digital phase lock loop and anti-islanding. Simulation and experimental results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis.
引文
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[2] W.Bower, M.Ropp. Evaluation Of Islanding Detection Methods For Photovoltaic Utility. International Energy Agency, Report IEA PVPS T5-09:2002
[3] IEEE Std.929-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. Sponsored by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Photovoltaics, Published by the IEEE, New York, NY, Apr 2000.
[4] UL 1741,Static Inverter and Charge Controllers for Use in Photovoltaic Systems.Underwriters Laboratories Inc., First Edition, May 7, 1999, Revised Jan 2001.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.光伏系统并网技术要求,2005,11,11
[6] J. E. Kim, J. S.Hwang. Islanding detection Method of Distributed Generation Units Connected to Power Distribution System. Proceedings of IEEE PowerCon 2000 International Conference, Vol.2, 4-7 Dec. 2000, pp:643-647.
[7] H. Kobayashi, K. Takigawa, E. Hashimoto, A. Kitamura, and H. Matsuda. Problems and countermeasures on safety of utility grid with a number of small-scale PV systems. in Proc. 21st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf.,1990, pp:850-855.
[8] J. Motohashi, Y. Imai, T. Ishikawa, T. Kai, H. Kaneda, T. Fujimoto, T.Ishizuka. Development of Detecting System of Islanding Operation for Dispersed Synchronous Machine Generator Interconnected to Distribution line. Meiden Review Magazine, Series 110, 2000 No.1 ,pp:1019-1022.
[9] J. Stevens, R. Bonn, J. Ginn, S. Gonzales. Development and Testing of an Approach to Anti-Islanding in Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Systems. Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, Report SAND2000-1939, Aug.2000.
[10] M.E. Ropp, M. Begovic, A. Rohatgi. Determining the Relative Effectiveness of Islanding Prevention Techniques Using Phase Criteria and Non-detection Zones.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion vol.15, no.3, September 2000, pp:290-296.
[11] Zhihong Ye, A. Kolwalkar, Yu Zhang, Pengwei Du, Reigh Walling. Evaluation of anti-islandingschemes based on nondetection zone concept. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Vol.19, No.5, Sept.2004 pp:1171-1176
[12] T.Funabashi, K.Koyanagi, R.Yokoyama. A review of islanding detection methods for distributed resources. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, June 2003, 23-26, pp:608-613
[13]曲正伟,殷桂梁.逆变电源并网运行的孤岛检测方法综述.中国电工技术学会电力电子学会2004年第九界学术年会,338-345
[14] M.E., Aaker, K., Haigh, J., Sabbah, N.. Using power line carrier communications to prevent islanding of PV power systems Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE 15-22 Sept. 2000 pp:1675 -1678
[15] Ropp, M., Larson, D., Meendering, S., Mcmahon, D., Ginn, J., Stevens, J., Bower, W., Gonzalez, S., Fennell, K., Brusseau, L.. Discussion of a Power Line Carrier Communications-Based Anti-Islanding Scheme using a Commercial Automatic Meter Reading System.Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Vol.2, May 2006 pp:2351-2354
[16] Groppi, F.. Testing of anti-islanding protections for grid-connected inverters. Clean Electrical Power, 2007. ICCEP'07. International Conference on, 21-23 May 2007, pp:183-187,
[17] Liserre, M., Pigazo, A., Aquila, A.D., Moreno, V.M.. Islanding detection method for single-phase distributed generation systems based on inverters. Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005. 31st Annual Conference of IEEE, 6-10 Nov. 2005, pp:6
[18] Singam, B., Hui, L.Y.. Assessing SMS and PJD Schemes of Anti-Islanding with Varying Quality Factor, Power and Energy Conference, 2006. PECon '06. IEEE International, 28-29 Nov. 2006, pp:196-201.
[19] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C..Recent developments in islanding detection for distributed power generation, Power Engineering, 2004. LESCOPE-04. 2004 Large Engineering systems Conference on, July 2004, pp:124-128
[20] G. Hernandez-Gonzalez, R. Iravani. Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically-interfaced distributed resources, Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, July 2006, pp:1698-1705
[21] L.Asiminoaei, R.Teodorescu, F.Blaabjerg, U.Borup.Implementation and Test of an Online Embedded Grid Impedance Estimation Technique for PV Inverters, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,Aug. 2005, pp:1136-1144
[22] Mihai Ciobotaru, Remus Teodorescu and Frede Blaabjerg. On-line grid impedance estimationbased on harmonic injection for grid-connected PV inverter, Industrial Electronics, 2007. ISIE 2007. IEEE International Symposium, June 2007, pp:2437-2442
[23] Hui Wang, Furong Liu, Yong Kang, Jian Chen, Xueliang Wei. Experimental Investigation on Non Detection Zones of Active Frequency Drift Method for Anti-islanding, Industrial Electronics Society, 2007. IECON 2007. 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE, 5-8 Nov. 2007, pp:1708-1713
[24] Ding Lei, Pan Zhen-cun, Wang Bin. Impact on reliability in active networks with distributed generation interconnection, Power Engineering Conference, 2007. IPEC 2007. International, 3-6 Dec.2007, pp:972-976
[25] Liu, Furong, Kang, Yong, Duan, Shanxu. Analysis and optimization of active frequency drift islanding detection method, Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2007-Twenty Second Annual IEEE , Feb. 25 2007-March 1 2007,pp:1379-1384
[26] Doumbia, M.L., Agbossou, K., Dung Tran Khanh Viet. Correlation technique investigation for islanding detection of inverter based distributed generation, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE, 15-19 June 2008, pp:4556-4561
[27]殷桂梁,孙美玲,肖丽萍.分布式发电系统孤岛检测方法研究.电子测量技术,2007,30(1):1-6
[28] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C.. A New Hybrid Anti-Islanding Algorithm in Grid Connected Three-Phase Inverter System, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006. PESC'06. 37th IEEE, 18-22 June 2006, pp:1-7
[29] Jeong, J.B., Kim, H.J.. Active anti-islanding method for pv system using reactive power control, Electronics Letters, August 17, 2006, pp:1004-1005
[30] Jin Beom Jeong, Hee Jun Kim, Kang Soon Ahn, Chan Ho Kang. A Novel Method for Anti-Islanding using Reactive Power, Telecommunications Conference, 2005, INTELEC'05. Twenty-Seventh International, Sept. 2005, pp:101-106
[31] Katiraei, F., Foss, A., Abbey, C., Strehler, B.. Dynamic analysis and field verification of an innovative anti-islanding protection scheme based on directional reactive power detection, Electrical Power Conference, 2007. EPC 2007. IEEE Canada, 25-26 Oct. 2007, pp:183-188
[32] Jeraputra, C., Enjeti, P.N.. Development of a robust anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of distributed fuel cell powered generation, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Sept. 2004, pp:1163-1170
[33] BiYing Ren, XiangQian Tong, XiangDong Sun, YanRu Zhong. Research on an improved active frequency drift method for the grid-connected anti-islanding detection, Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008. ICEMS 2008. International Conference on., 17-20 Oct. 2008, pp:2657-2660
[34] Seul-Ki Kim, Jin-Hong Jeon, Heung-Kwan Choi, Jonng-Bo Ahn. Design of frequency shift acceleration control for anti-islanding of an inverter-based DG, Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2008. EPE-PEMC 2008. 13th, 1-3 Sept. 2008, pp:2524-2529
[35] Xiaoyu Wang, Freitas, W.. Impact of Positive-Feedback Anti-Islanding Methods on Small-Signal Stability of Inverter-Based Distributed Generation, Energy conversion, ieee transactions on, Sept. 2008, pp:923-931
[36] John, V., Zhihong Ye, Kolwalkar, A.. Investigation of anti-islanding protection of power converter based distributed generators using frequency domain analysis, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Sept. 2004, pp:1177-1183
[37] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C.. A new total frequency deviation algorithm for anti-islanding protection in inverter-based DG systems, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005. Canadian Conference on., 1-4 May 2005, pp:570-573
[38] Byunggyu Yu, Youngseok Jung, Junghun So, Hyemi Hwang; Gwonjong Yu. A Robust Anti-islanding Method for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on, May 2006, pp:2242-2245
[39] Ding Qiang, Xu Zheng, Li You-Chun. A modified Active Frequency Drift method for anti-islanding of grid-connected PV systems, Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2008. DRPT 2008. Third International Conference on, 6-9 April 2008, pp:2730-2733
[40] Bhandari, R., Gonzalez, S., Ropp, M.E.. Investigation of two anti-islanding methods in the multi-inverter case, Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, 20-24 July 2008, pp:1-7
[41] Hudson, R.M., Thorne, T., Mekanik, F., Behnke, M.R., Gonzalez, S., Ginn, J.. Implementation and testing of anti-islanding algorithms for IEEE 929-2000 compliance of single phase photovoltaic inverters, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002. Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE, 19-24 May 2002, pp:1414-1419
[42] Vieira, J.C.M., Freitas, W., Wilsun Xu, Morelato, A.. An Investigation on the Nondetection Zones of Synchronous Distributed Generation Anti-Islanding Protection, Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, April 2008, pp:593-600
[43] Ciobotaru, M., Agelidis, V., Teodorescu, R.. Accurate and less-disturbing active anti-islanding method based on PLL for grid-connected PV Inverters, Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2008. PESC 2008. IEEE, 15-19 June 2008, pp:4569-4576
[44] Groppi, F.. Testing of anti-islanding protections for grid-connected inverters, Clean Electrical Power, 2007. ICCEP'07. International Conference on, 21-23 May 2007, pp:183-187
[45] Chowdhury, S.P.,Chowdhury, S.,Chui Fen Ten, Crossley, P.A.. Islanding protection of distribution systems with distributed generators—A comprehensive survey report, Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, 20-24 July 2008, pp:1-8
[46] Smith, G.A., Onions, P.A., Infield, D.G.. Predicting islanding operation of grid connected PV inverters, Electric Power Applications, IEEE Proceedings, Jan 2000, pp:1-6
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[48]陈敏. 9KVA组合式三相逆变器的研制.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2002
[49]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊.TMS320X281xDSP原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006
[2] W.Bower, M.Ropp. Evaluation Of Islanding Detection Methods For Photovoltaic Utility. International Energy Agency, Report IEA PVPS T5-09:2002
[3] IEEE Std.929-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. Sponsored by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Photovoltaics, Published by the IEEE, New York, NY, Apr 2000.
[4] UL 1741,Static Inverter and Charge Controllers for Use in Photovoltaic Systems.Underwriters Laboratories Inc., First Edition, May 7, 1999, Revised Jan 2001.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.光伏系统并网技术要求,2005,11,11
[6] J. E. Kim, J. S.Hwang. Islanding detection Method of Distributed Generation Units Connected to Power Distribution System. Proceedings of IEEE PowerCon 2000 International Conference, Vol.2, 4-7 Dec. 2000, pp:643-647.
[7] H. Kobayashi, K. Takigawa, E. Hashimoto, A. Kitamura, and H. Matsuda. Problems and countermeasures on safety of utility grid with a number of small-scale PV systems. in Proc. 21st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf.,1990, pp:850-855.
[8] J. Motohashi, Y. Imai, T. Ishikawa, T. Kai, H. Kaneda, T. Fujimoto, T.Ishizuka. Development of Detecting System of Islanding Operation for Dispersed Synchronous Machine Generator Interconnected to Distribution line. Meiden Review Magazine, Series 110, 2000 No.1 ,pp:1019-1022.
[9] J. Stevens, R. Bonn, J. Ginn, S. Gonzales. Development and Testing of an Approach to Anti-Islanding in Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Systems. Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, Report SAND2000-1939, Aug.2000.
[10] M.E. Ropp, M. Begovic, A. Rohatgi. Determining the Relative Effectiveness of Islanding Prevention Techniques Using Phase Criteria and Non-detection Zones.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion vol.15, no.3, September 2000, pp:290-296.
[11] Zhihong Ye, A. Kolwalkar, Yu Zhang, Pengwei Du, Reigh Walling. Evaluation of anti-islandingschemes based on nondetection zone concept. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Vol.19, No.5, Sept.2004 pp:1171-1176
[12] T.Funabashi, K.Koyanagi, R.Yokoyama. A review of islanding detection methods for distributed resources. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, June 2003, 23-26, pp:608-613
[13]曲正伟,殷桂梁.逆变电源并网运行的孤岛检测方法综述.中国电工技术学会电力电子学会2004年第九界学术年会,338-345
[14] M.E., Aaker, K., Haigh, J., Sabbah, N.. Using power line carrier communications to prevent islanding of PV power systems Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE 15-22 Sept. 2000 pp:1675 -1678
[15] Ropp, M., Larson, D., Meendering, S., Mcmahon, D., Ginn, J., Stevens, J., Bower, W., Gonzalez, S., Fennell, K., Brusseau, L.. Discussion of a Power Line Carrier Communications-Based Anti-Islanding Scheme using a Commercial Automatic Meter Reading System.Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Vol.2, May 2006 pp:2351-2354
[16] Groppi, F.. Testing of anti-islanding protections for grid-connected inverters. Clean Electrical Power, 2007. ICCEP'07. International Conference on, 21-23 May 2007, pp:183-187,
[17] Liserre, M., Pigazo, A., Aquila, A.D., Moreno, V.M.. Islanding detection method for single-phase distributed generation systems based on inverters. Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005. 31st Annual Conference of IEEE, 6-10 Nov. 2005, pp:6
[18] Singam, B., Hui, L.Y.. Assessing SMS and PJD Schemes of Anti-Islanding with Varying Quality Factor, Power and Energy Conference, 2006. PECon '06. IEEE International, 28-29 Nov. 2006, pp:196-201.
[19] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C..Recent developments in islanding detection for distributed power generation, Power Engineering, 2004. LESCOPE-04. 2004 Large Engineering systems Conference on, July 2004, pp:124-128
[20] G. Hernandez-Gonzalez, R. Iravani. Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically-interfaced distributed resources, Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, July 2006, pp:1698-1705
[21] L.Asiminoaei, R.Teodorescu, F.Blaabjerg, U.Borup.Implementation and Test of an Online Embedded Grid Impedance Estimation Technique for PV Inverters, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,Aug. 2005, pp:1136-1144
[22] Mihai Ciobotaru, Remus Teodorescu and Frede Blaabjerg. On-line grid impedance estimationbased on harmonic injection for grid-connected PV inverter, Industrial Electronics, 2007. ISIE 2007. IEEE International Symposium, June 2007, pp:2437-2442
[23] Hui Wang, Furong Liu, Yong Kang, Jian Chen, Xueliang Wei. Experimental Investigation on Non Detection Zones of Active Frequency Drift Method for Anti-islanding, Industrial Electronics Society, 2007. IECON 2007. 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE, 5-8 Nov. 2007, pp:1708-1713
[24] Ding Lei, Pan Zhen-cun, Wang Bin. Impact on reliability in active networks with distributed generation interconnection, Power Engineering Conference, 2007. IPEC 2007. International, 3-6 Dec.2007, pp:972-976
[25] Liu, Furong, Kang, Yong, Duan, Shanxu. Analysis and optimization of active frequency drift islanding detection method, Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2007-Twenty Second Annual IEEE , Feb. 25 2007-March 1 2007,pp:1379-1384
[26] Doumbia, M.L., Agbossou, K., Dung Tran Khanh Viet. Correlation technique investigation for islanding detection of inverter based distributed generation, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE, 15-19 June 2008, pp:4556-4561
[27]殷桂梁,孙美玲,肖丽萍.分布式发电系统孤岛检测方法研究.电子测量技术,2007,30(1):1-6
[28] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C.. A New Hybrid Anti-Islanding Algorithm in Grid Connected Three-Phase Inverter System, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006. PESC'06. 37th IEEE, 18-22 June 2006, pp:1-7
[29] Jeong, J.B., Kim, H.J.. Active anti-islanding method for pv system using reactive power control, Electronics Letters, August 17, 2006, pp:1004-1005
[30] Jin Beom Jeong, Hee Jun Kim, Kang Soon Ahn, Chan Ho Kang. A Novel Method for Anti-Islanding using Reactive Power, Telecommunications Conference, 2005, INTELEC'05. Twenty-Seventh International, Sept. 2005, pp:101-106
[31] Katiraei, F., Foss, A., Abbey, C., Strehler, B.. Dynamic analysis and field verification of an innovative anti-islanding protection scheme based on directional reactive power detection, Electrical Power Conference, 2007. EPC 2007. IEEE Canada, 25-26 Oct. 2007, pp:183-188
[32] Jeraputra, C., Enjeti, P.N.. Development of a robust anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of distributed fuel cell powered generation, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Sept. 2004, pp:1163-1170
[33] BiYing Ren, XiangQian Tong, XiangDong Sun, YanRu Zhong. Research on an improved active frequency drift method for the grid-connected anti-islanding detection, Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008. ICEMS 2008. International Conference on., 17-20 Oct. 2008, pp:2657-2660
[34] Seul-Ki Kim, Jin-Hong Jeon, Heung-Kwan Choi, Jonng-Bo Ahn. Design of frequency shift acceleration control for anti-islanding of an inverter-based DG, Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2008. EPE-PEMC 2008. 13th, 1-3 Sept. 2008, pp:2524-2529
[35] Xiaoyu Wang, Freitas, W.. Impact of Positive-Feedback Anti-Islanding Methods on Small-Signal Stability of Inverter-Based Distributed Generation, Energy conversion, ieee transactions on, Sept. 2008, pp:923-931
[36] John, V., Zhihong Ye, Kolwalkar, A.. Investigation of anti-islanding protection of power converter based distributed generators using frequency domain analysis, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Sept. 2004, pp:1177-1183
[37] Jun Yin, Liuchen Chang, Diduch, C.. A new total frequency deviation algorithm for anti-islanding protection in inverter-based DG systems, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005. Canadian Conference on., 1-4 May 2005, pp:570-573
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