直驱式永磁风力发电机系统电能控制器设计
摘要
利用可再生能源代替传统化石能源,实现人类与自然的和谐相处以及人类社会的可持续发展,是21世纪人类要解决的一大问题。风能以其清洁、可再生利用、分布广泛等优点成为能源产业关注的重点,其开发利用程度、技术成熟程度与商业化程度在可再生能源中均居首位。
独立运行的离网型风力发电机系统具有尺寸小、安装使用方便、成本低、效率高等特点,可用于灵活有效地开发利用沿海地区丰富的风能资源。现已应用于公路照明、家庭用电等领域。本文的研究目的就是设计一套结构简单可靠、成本低廉的小功率离网型风力发电机控制系统。本文的主要研究内容有:
首先,分析了当今应用比较广泛的几种风力发电机系统,综合不同风电系统的利弊,考虑成本、维护以及可靠性等因素,本文选择了无齿轮箱、应用永磁同步发电机的直驱式系统结构方案。
其次,为将空气动力学、机械学、电机学、电力电子技术等组成风力发电技术的理论应用于实际风力发电系统中,构建了直驱式永磁同步风力发电机仿真系统,将数学模型模块化,仿真结果验证了所搭建的风电控制系统的可行性,同时对硬件电路的设计与参数的选择具有一定的指导意义。
进一步地,设计了风力发电机控制系统中用于电能变换的整流电路、直流升压电路、逆变电路以及控制电路等电气环节,给出了电气参数的计算方法与电路结构的设计方案。
最后,在试验室环境中搭建了直驱式永磁风力发电机试验系统并进行了试验,获得了满足工频负载用电要求的电能,对试验结果进行了理论分析,验证了所设计系统的正确性和可行性。
To realize the harmonious relationship between human and nature, and guarantee the sustainable development of our society, one of the greatest problems to be solved in the 21st century is to take place of the traditional fossil energy with the renewable energy. With the characters of being clean, renewable and widespread, the wind energy is being paid the most attention in the energy industry and, the most widely developed, technically matured and highly commercialized among the renewable energy field.
The stand-alone wind power system has the advantages of small size, easy to be fixed, low costing and high efficiency. Nowadays it has been used in road lighting and home power supply. The studying destination of this paper is to design a simple structured, low costing and highly reliable disconnected wind power system. The main studying contents of this paper go as follows:
First of all, several kinds of wind power system being widely used are compared and analyzed; the advantages and the shortcomings of each are found out. Considering cost, maintenance and reliability, a direct-drive structure using permanent magnet synchronous generator, without gear box is chosen.
Secondly, the wind power technology is based on the aerodynamics, mechanics, electrical engineering and power electronic technology, for the purpose of utilizing it in the practical wind power system, the simulation system is built to modularize the mathematical model and used to prove the feasibility of the system and direct the design the whole system.
Furthermore, the electrical parts like rectifier, boost circuit and the inverter are designed; the methods of calculating the parameters and the structure of the circuits are presented.
Finally, an experimental direct-drive PMSG wind power system is built in laboratory and tested, through which the electricity satisfies the load working condition is obtained, and the results are analyzed. The wind power system designed is proved to be correct and feasible.
独立运行的离网型风力发电机系统具有尺寸小、安装使用方便、成本低、效率高等特点,可用于灵活有效地开发利用沿海地区丰富的风能资源。现已应用于公路照明、家庭用电等领域。本文的研究目的就是设计一套结构简单可靠、成本低廉的小功率离网型风力发电机控制系统。本文的主要研究内容有:
首先,分析了当今应用比较广泛的几种风力发电机系统,综合不同风电系统的利弊,考虑成本、维护以及可靠性等因素,本文选择了无齿轮箱、应用永磁同步发电机的直驱式系统结构方案。
其次,为将空气动力学、机械学、电机学、电力电子技术等组成风力发电技术的理论应用于实际风力发电系统中,构建了直驱式永磁同步风力发电机仿真系统,将数学模型模块化,仿真结果验证了所搭建的风电控制系统的可行性,同时对硬件电路的设计与参数的选择具有一定的指导意义。
进一步地,设计了风力发电机控制系统中用于电能变换的整流电路、直流升压电路、逆变电路以及控制电路等电气环节,给出了电气参数的计算方法与电路结构的设计方案。
最后,在试验室环境中搭建了直驱式永磁风力发电机试验系统并进行了试验,获得了满足工频负载用电要求的电能,对试验结果进行了理论分析,验证了所设计系统的正确性和可行性。
To realize the harmonious relationship between human and nature, and guarantee the sustainable development of our society, one of the greatest problems to be solved in the 21st century is to take place of the traditional fossil energy with the renewable energy. With the characters of being clean, renewable and widespread, the wind energy is being paid the most attention in the energy industry and, the most widely developed, technically matured and highly commercialized among the renewable energy field.
The stand-alone wind power system has the advantages of small size, easy to be fixed, low costing and high efficiency. Nowadays it has been used in road lighting and home power supply. The studying destination of this paper is to design a simple structured, low costing and highly reliable disconnected wind power system. The main studying contents of this paper go as follows:
First of all, several kinds of wind power system being widely used are compared and analyzed; the advantages and the shortcomings of each are found out. Considering cost, maintenance and reliability, a direct-drive structure using permanent magnet synchronous generator, without gear box is chosen.
Secondly, the wind power technology is based on the aerodynamics, mechanics, electrical engineering and power electronic technology, for the purpose of utilizing it in the practical wind power system, the simulation system is built to modularize the mathematical model and used to prove the feasibility of the system and direct the design the whole system.
Furthermore, the electrical parts like rectifier, boost circuit and the inverter are designed; the methods of calculating the parameters and the structure of the circuits are presented.
Finally, an experimental direct-drive PMSG wind power system is built in laboratory and tested, through which the electricity satisfies the load working condition is obtained, and the results are analyzed. The wind power system designed is proved to be correct and feasible.
引文
1郭贺宏,杜欣慧.中国电力工业要走可持续发展的绿色电力之路.中国电力教育. 2006,(5):56~58
2 Kip Morison. Power System Security in the New Market Environment: Future Directions. IEEE 2002 Summer Meeting Panel. 2002(3): 1416~1417
3郭新生,赵知辛,唐桂华.风能流体升压节流致热效应的实验研究.太阳能学报. 2004,(2):157~161
4 Nikos Hatziargyriou. Wind Power Development in Europe. Proceedings of the IEEE . 2001:1765~1782
5马凤英.美国风力发电机制、政策和法规简介.中国建设动态. 2006,(4): 57
6姚兴佳,隋红霞,刘颖明,王晓东.海上风电技术的发展与现状.上海电力. 2007,20(2):111~118
7 Global Wind 2007 Report. Global Wind Energy Council, 2007:5~12
8李俊峰.风力12在中国.化学工业出版社, 2005:1~5
9鄂春良.海上风力发电及其控制技术.电器工业. 2007,(1):28~30
10李俊峰.中国风电发展报告2007.中国环境科学出版社, 2007:1~9
11国家风力发电工程技术研究中心.中国风电制造业四月份报告.现代零部件. 2007,(6):34~35
12刘万琨,张志英,李银凤.风能与风力发电技术.化学工业出版社, 2007:166~169
13 Guo Zhenhong, Chang Liuchen. New Converter Topologies for Two-Phase Wind Turbine PMSG Generation System. Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2007 - Twenty Second Annual IEEE. 2007: 536~539
14李建林,周谦.直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析.电源技术应用. 2007,6(10): 12~15
15 Yang Zhenkun, Liang Hui, Sun Chuangyang. A DSP Control System for the Grid-connected Inverter in Wind Energy Conversion System. IEEE Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. 2005: 1050~1053
16 Morren J. Fast Modeling of Direct-drive Wind Turbine. International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics Intelligent Motion Power Quality. 2004:25~27
17顾为东.中国风电产业发展新战略与风电非并网理论.化学工业出版社, 2006:137~174
18樊艳芳,晁勤,王一波.基于MATLAB的布尔津风电系统静态稳定分析.新疆大学学报. 2008,(20):18~20
19 CHAU K T. A Novel Three Phase Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Machine for Wind Power Generation. Industry Applications Annual 2004.USA, Seattle. 2004: 3~7
20杨兴满,何玉林,金鑫,刘桦.风力机总体性能分析与仿真.现代制造工程. 2007,(2):118~121
21 Xu Ke, Hu Minqiang, Yan Rong Yan, Du W. Wind turbine simulator using PMSM. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. UPEC 2007. 42nd International. 2007:732~737
22谢若初.直接驱动式永磁风力发电机设计研究.沈阳工业大学工程硕士学位论文. 2005:16~21
23王江,李韬,曾启明.基于观测器的永磁同步电动机微分代数非线性控制.中国电机工程学报. 2005,25(2): 87~92
24徐锋,王辉,杨韬仪.兆瓦级永磁直驱风力发电机组变流技术.电力自动化设备. 2007,27(7):57~61
25金晓东,丁明.分布式发电系统中的蓄电池模型.仪器仪表用户. 2008,15(2): 88~90
26桂长青,柳瑞华.密封铅酸蓄电池内阻分析.电池. 2000,30(1):19~21
27谢文涛,张东,吕征宇.光伏发电系统中前端DC/DC变换器的设计.机电工程. 2007,24(9):101~104
28林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.浙江大学出版社, 2002:178~184
29 Atif Iqbal, Adoum Lamine. Matlab/Simulink Model of Space Vector PWM for Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2006. UPEC '06. Proceedings of the 41st International. 2006: 1096~1100
30 Zwyssig C, Round S D, Kolar J W. Power Electronics Interface for a 100W, 500000rpm Gas Turbine Portable Power Unit. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06. Twenty-First Annual IEEE. 2006: 1119~1125
31 Kenji Amei, Yukichi Takayasu, Takahisa Ohji, Masaaki Sakui. A Maximum Power Control of Wind Generator System Using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and a Boost Chopper Circuit. Proceedings of IEEE 2002. 2002:1447~1453
32 Raymond A, Mack Jr.开关电源入门.人民邮电出版社, 2007:51~57
33 Yungtaek Jang, Jovanovic M. A New Soft-switched, High-power-factor Boost Converter with IGBTs. Power Electronics. 2002(17): 469~476
34杜伯田.电力半导体模块选用和代换手册.机械工业出版社, 2004:31~33
35 Profumo F, Boglietti A, Griva G, Pastorelli M. Space Vector and Sinusoidal PWM Techniques Comparison Keeping in Account the Secondary Effects. AFRICON '92 Proceedings., 3rd AFRICON Conference. 2002:394~399
36 Xiaoling Wen, Xianggen Yin. The Unified PWM Implementation Method for Three-Phase Inverters. Electric Machines & Drives Conference. 2007: 241~246
37 Losic N A. Modeling and Applications of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulator. Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON '99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE. 1999:330~335
38 Jae Hyeong Seo, Chang Ho Choi, Dong Seok Hyun. A New Simplified Space-Vector PWM Method for Three-level Inverters. Power Electronics. 2001,(16): 545~550
39 Hadiouche D, Baghli L, Rezzoug A. Space Vector PWM Techniques for Dual Three-phase AC Machine: Analysis, Performance Evaluation and DSP Implementation. Industry Applications Conference, 2003. 38th IAS Annual Meeting. 2003:648~655
40周延,肖海燕.基于TMS320LF2407A的SVPWM变频系统的设计.现代电子技术. 2007,30(19):160~162
41刘和平. TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003: 322~325
42尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋. DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003:8~12
2 Kip Morison. Power System Security in the New Market Environment: Future Directions. IEEE 2002 Summer Meeting Panel. 2002(3): 1416~1417
3郭新生,赵知辛,唐桂华.风能流体升压节流致热效应的实验研究.太阳能学报. 2004,(2):157~161
4 Nikos Hatziargyriou. Wind Power Development in Europe. Proceedings of the IEEE . 2001:1765~1782
5马凤英.美国风力发电机制、政策和法规简介.中国建设动态. 2006,(4): 57
6姚兴佳,隋红霞,刘颖明,王晓东.海上风电技术的发展与现状.上海电力. 2007,20(2):111~118
7 Global Wind 2007 Report. Global Wind Energy Council, 2007:5~12
8李俊峰.风力12在中国.化学工业出版社, 2005:1~5
9鄂春良.海上风力发电及其控制技术.电器工业. 2007,(1):28~30
10李俊峰.中国风电发展报告2007.中国环境科学出版社, 2007:1~9
11国家风力发电工程技术研究中心.中国风电制造业四月份报告.现代零部件. 2007,(6):34~35
12刘万琨,张志英,李银凤.风能与风力发电技术.化学工业出版社, 2007:166~169
13 Guo Zhenhong, Chang Liuchen. New Converter Topologies for Two-Phase Wind Turbine PMSG Generation System. Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2007 - Twenty Second Annual IEEE. 2007: 536~539
14李建林,周谦.直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析.电源技术应用. 2007,6(10): 12~15
15 Yang Zhenkun, Liang Hui, Sun Chuangyang. A DSP Control System for the Grid-connected Inverter in Wind Energy Conversion System. IEEE Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. 2005: 1050~1053
16 Morren J. Fast Modeling of Direct-drive Wind Turbine. International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics Intelligent Motion Power Quality. 2004:25~27
17顾为东.中国风电产业发展新战略与风电非并网理论.化学工业出版社, 2006:137~174
18樊艳芳,晁勤,王一波.基于MATLAB的布尔津风电系统静态稳定分析.新疆大学学报. 2008,(20):18~20
19 CHAU K T. A Novel Three Phase Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Machine for Wind Power Generation. Industry Applications Annual 2004.USA, Seattle. 2004: 3~7
20杨兴满,何玉林,金鑫,刘桦.风力机总体性能分析与仿真.现代制造工程. 2007,(2):118~121
21 Xu Ke, Hu Minqiang, Yan Rong Yan, Du W. Wind turbine simulator using PMSM. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. UPEC 2007. 42nd International. 2007:732~737
22谢若初.直接驱动式永磁风力发电机设计研究.沈阳工业大学工程硕士学位论文. 2005:16~21
23王江,李韬,曾启明.基于观测器的永磁同步电动机微分代数非线性控制.中国电机工程学报. 2005,25(2): 87~92
24徐锋,王辉,杨韬仪.兆瓦级永磁直驱风力发电机组变流技术.电力自动化设备. 2007,27(7):57~61
25金晓东,丁明.分布式发电系统中的蓄电池模型.仪器仪表用户. 2008,15(2): 88~90
26桂长青,柳瑞华.密封铅酸蓄电池内阻分析.电池. 2000,30(1):19~21
27谢文涛,张东,吕征宇.光伏发电系统中前端DC/DC变换器的设计.机电工程. 2007,24(9):101~104
28林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.浙江大学出版社, 2002:178~184
29 Atif Iqbal, Adoum Lamine. Matlab/Simulink Model of Space Vector PWM for Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2006. UPEC '06. Proceedings of the 41st International. 2006: 1096~1100
30 Zwyssig C, Round S D, Kolar J W. Power Electronics Interface for a 100W, 500000rpm Gas Turbine Portable Power Unit. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06. Twenty-First Annual IEEE. 2006: 1119~1125
31 Kenji Amei, Yukichi Takayasu, Takahisa Ohji, Masaaki Sakui. A Maximum Power Control of Wind Generator System Using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and a Boost Chopper Circuit. Proceedings of IEEE 2002. 2002:1447~1453
32 Raymond A, Mack Jr.开关电源入门.人民邮电出版社, 2007:51~57
33 Yungtaek Jang, Jovanovic M. A New Soft-switched, High-power-factor Boost Converter with IGBTs. Power Electronics. 2002(17): 469~476
34杜伯田.电力半导体模块选用和代换手册.机械工业出版社, 2004:31~33
35 Profumo F, Boglietti A, Griva G, Pastorelli M. Space Vector and Sinusoidal PWM Techniques Comparison Keeping in Account the Secondary Effects. AFRICON '92 Proceedings., 3rd AFRICON Conference. 2002:394~399
36 Xiaoling Wen, Xianggen Yin. The Unified PWM Implementation Method for Three-Phase Inverters. Electric Machines & Drives Conference. 2007: 241~246
37 Losic N A. Modeling and Applications of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulator. Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON '99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE. 1999:330~335
38 Jae Hyeong Seo, Chang Ho Choi, Dong Seok Hyun. A New Simplified Space-Vector PWM Method for Three-level Inverters. Power Electronics. 2001,(16): 545~550
39 Hadiouche D, Baghli L, Rezzoug A. Space Vector PWM Techniques for Dual Three-phase AC Machine: Analysis, Performance Evaluation and DSP Implementation. Industry Applications Conference, 2003. 38th IAS Annual Meeting. 2003:648~655
40周延,肖海燕.基于TMS320LF2407A的SVPWM变频系统的设计.现代电子技术. 2007,30(19):160~162
41刘和平. TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003: 322~325
42尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋. DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003:8~12