基于虚拟磁链直接功率控制的并网逆变器的研究
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摘要
随着能源短缺问题的日益突显,新能源与再生制动能量的利用成为人们的关注的焦点。并网逆变器因此在新能源发电及再生制动能量回馈领域得到广泛的应用。但是,目前应用的并网逆变器大多存在着逆变电流谐波污染大、功率因数低,抗干扰能力差,所需传感器数量较多等缺点。本文将基于虚拟磁链(Virtual Flux, VF)的直接功率控制(Direct Power Control, DPC)策略应用到并网逆变器中,并提出了虚拟磁链观测器的改进方法,解决传统方法存在的问题,在省去交流电压传感器的后,能保证系统的可靠高效运行。
首先,本文分析三相电压型并网逆变器的拓扑结构及其工作原理,建立并网逆变器系统在三相静止坐标系,两相静止坐标系及两相旋转坐标系下的数学模型,为深入分析并网逆变器的直接功率控制策略奠定了理论基础。
其次,在并网逆变器中引入虚拟磁链的概念,用于无交流电压传感器的瞬时功率计算。为解决因初始值选取不当造成的观测结果存在直流偏差等问题,本文设计了改进虚拟磁链(Improved Virtual Flux, IVF)观测器,进一步改善了系统控制性能,并在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下对所提出改进方法进行仿真验证。
在此基础上,本文研究了并网逆变器系统的滞环和定频两种SVPWM调制方式的原理,给出了两种调制方式的电压矢量的选取方法,分析了滞环SVPWM调制中的功率滞环宽度与开关频率的关系,分别建立了采用两种调制方式的IVF-DPC并网逆变器系统仿真模型,对其控制性能进行对比分析。
最后,采用以数字信号处理器TMS320F2812为控制单元,搭建了定频SVPWM调制的IVF-DPC并网逆变器系统实验平台。通过实验研究验证了本文所提出的并网逆变器及其控制方法的正确性和实用性。
With the lack of the energy becoming more and more serious, it is going to focus on the utilization of the renewable energy and the regenerative braking energy. Therefore the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter is widely applied in these fields. However, most of the inverters have the problems of high harmonic pollution in invert current, low power factor, and too many sensors. This paper proposes a novel control strategy, which based on direct power control with virtual flux, for grid-connected inverter to solve these problems. The improved method for the virtual flux observer is illustrated to improve the stabilization of the voltage-sensorless inverter in the paper.
Firstly, it is analyzed the structure and theory of the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter, and established the mathematical model in the three-phase static coordinate, two-phase static coordinate and two-phase rotating coordinate. It provides the foundation for analyzing the theory of direct power control.
Secondly, based on the analysis of the theory of direct power control, the conception of virtual flux is utilized in the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter to estimate the transient active and reactive power. The virtual flux observer is improved to solve the problems of the direct current offset and improve the system stabilization. The improved virtual flux observing method is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
After the analysis above, the theory of the hysteresis and the fixed frequency SVPWM modulation for IVF-DPC inverter is studied. The relationship between the switch frequency and hysteresis band is researched in order to compare the performance of two modulations. The principle is explained for the voltage vector choice. The system simulation models of two modulations are founded to compare the control capability.
Finally, Using the TMS320F3812 digital signal processor as the control unit, the experiment system of grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter is designed which is based on IVF-DPC in fixed frequency modulation. The experimental results prove the correctness and practicability of the grid connected inverter with the control strategy.
首先,本文分析三相电压型并网逆变器的拓扑结构及其工作原理,建立并网逆变器系统在三相静止坐标系,两相静止坐标系及两相旋转坐标系下的数学模型,为深入分析并网逆变器的直接功率控制策略奠定了理论基础。
其次,在并网逆变器中引入虚拟磁链的概念,用于无交流电压传感器的瞬时功率计算。为解决因初始值选取不当造成的观测结果存在直流偏差等问题,本文设计了改进虚拟磁链(Improved Virtual Flux, IVF)观测器,进一步改善了系统控制性能,并在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下对所提出改进方法进行仿真验证。
在此基础上,本文研究了并网逆变器系统的滞环和定频两种SVPWM调制方式的原理,给出了两种调制方式的电压矢量的选取方法,分析了滞环SVPWM调制中的功率滞环宽度与开关频率的关系,分别建立了采用两种调制方式的IVF-DPC并网逆变器系统仿真模型,对其控制性能进行对比分析。
最后,采用以数字信号处理器TMS320F2812为控制单元,搭建了定频SVPWM调制的IVF-DPC并网逆变器系统实验平台。通过实验研究验证了本文所提出的并网逆变器及其控制方法的正确性和实用性。
With the lack of the energy becoming more and more serious, it is going to focus on the utilization of the renewable energy and the regenerative braking energy. Therefore the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter is widely applied in these fields. However, most of the inverters have the problems of high harmonic pollution in invert current, low power factor, and too many sensors. This paper proposes a novel control strategy, which based on direct power control with virtual flux, for grid-connected inverter to solve these problems. The improved method for the virtual flux observer is illustrated to improve the stabilization of the voltage-sensorless inverter in the paper.
Firstly, it is analyzed the structure and theory of the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter, and established the mathematical model in the three-phase static coordinate, two-phase static coordinate and two-phase rotating coordinate. It provides the foundation for analyzing the theory of direct power control.
Secondly, based on the analysis of the theory of direct power control, the conception of virtual flux is utilized in the grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter to estimate the transient active and reactive power. The virtual flux observer is improved to solve the problems of the direct current offset and improve the system stabilization. The improved virtual flux observing method is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
After the analysis above, the theory of the hysteresis and the fixed frequency SVPWM modulation for IVF-DPC inverter is studied. The relationship between the switch frequency and hysteresis band is researched in order to compare the performance of two modulations. The principle is explained for the voltage vector choice. The system simulation models of two modulations are founded to compare the control capability.
Finally, Using the TMS320F3812 digital signal processor as the control unit, the experiment system of grid-connected three-phase voltage source inverter is designed which is based on IVF-DPC in fixed frequency modulation. The experimental results prove the correctness and practicability of the grid connected inverter with the control strategy.
引文
1邱询立,张丽芬.中国国际能源战略的风险及问题.科技信息. 2007, 4: 222~223
2严陆光.我国能源体系发展的主要趋势与特点.电网与水力发电进展. 2008, 24 (1): 1~2
3罗悦华,伍小杰,王晶鑫.三相P W M整流器及其控制策略的现状及展望.电气传动. 2006, 36 (5): 3~7
4 Y. Murai, K. Ohashi, I. Hosono. New PWM Method for Fully Digitized Inverters. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 1997,23 (5): 887~893
5张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.机械工业出版社. 2003年: 226~271
6 Zeng, Q. , L. Chang. Novel SVPWM-Based Predictive Current Controller for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters. in CCECE 2005. 2005. saskatoon.
7 T. Noguchi, H. Tomiki, S. Kondo, I. Takahashi. Direct Power Control of PWM Converter Without Power-Source Voltage Sensors. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 1998, 34 (3): 473~479
8 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Andrzej Trzynadlowski. Direct Power Control with Virtual Flux Estimation for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2000,9 (2): 442~447
9熊健,张凯,陈坚.电压型PWM整流器的控制器工程化设计方法.电工电能新技术. 2002, 21 (3): 44~48
10 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Steffan Hansen, Frede Blaabjerg, G. D.Marques. Virtual-Flux-Based Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2001,37 (4): 1019~1027
11王久和,李华德,李正熙.电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制技术.电工电能新技术. 2004, 23 (3): 264~267
12 M. Malinowski, M. Jasinski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM). IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2004,51 (2): 447~454
13何致远,韦巍.基于虚拟磁链的PWM整流器直接功率控制研究.浙江大学学报. 2004, 38 (12): 1619~1622
14孙丽芹,廖晓钟. PWM整流器的定频直接功率控制.电气传动. 2006, 36(7): 39~42
15 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space Vector Modulation– Simulation Study. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2002,6 (5): 1114~118
16赵仁德,贺益康.无电网电压传感器三相PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制研究.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25 (20): 56~61
17徐小品,黄进,杨家强.瞬时功率控制在三相PWM整流中的应用.电力电子技术. 2004, 38 (2): 30~32
18 Wang, T.C., Z. Ye, G. Sinha, X. Yuan. Output Filter Design for a Grid-interconnected Three-phase Inverter. in PESC 2003. 2003.
19王久和,李华德.一种新的电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制策略.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25 (16): 47~52
20李培芳,孙士乾.三相电路瞬时电流,功率的分解与Park空间分析.浙江大学学报. 2001, 35 (1): 14~16
21 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simulation Study of Virtual Flux Based Direct Power Control for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 2000,9 (2): 2620~2625
22李波,安群涛,孙兵成.空间矢量PWM的仿真研究及DSP实现.中小型电机. 2005, 11(4): 24~28
23胥良,宋立伟,李子健,等.节能型能量回馈式电动车用电机对拖试验系统.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(8): 161~165
24王云飞,杨耕.通用变频器感应电机系统的电机耗能型制动控制方法.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(1): 11~18
25尹忠刚,钟彦儒,刘静,等.基于空间电压矢量的变频器能量回馈系统研究.电力电子技术. 2007, 41(7): 6~8
26王士湖,王莉.一种再生制动控制电路的设计.淮阴工学院学报. 2002,11(3): 51~53
27刘永顺,李淑平,周瑞.基于双PWM技术的交流变频调速系统.继电器. 2003, 31(10): 63~65
28 C. Klumpner, P. Nielsen, I. Boldea. A New Matrix Converter-Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications. Conf. Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 2000, (3): 1394~1402
29赵仁德,贺益康.无电网电压传感器三相PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制研究.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25(20): 56~61
30赵仁德,贺益康. PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制仿真研究.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2005, 17(5): 94~98
31 J. R. Rodrgruez, J. W. Dixon. PWM Regenerative Rectifiers: State of the Art. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 2005, 52(1) : 5~22
32 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simulation Study of Virtual Flux Based Direct Power Control for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. Proc. of IEEE IASAM. 2000: 2620~2625
33 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Direct Power Control with Virtual Flux Estimation for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. Proc. of IEEE ISIE. 2000: 442~447
34 Prodanovic, M., T.C. Green. Control and Filter Design of Three-Phase Inverters for High Power Quality Grid Connection. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 2003. 18(1): 373~380.
35 Sivakuma, S., T. Parsons, S.C. Sivakuma. Modeling Analysis Control of Bieirectional Power Flow in Grid Connected Inverter Systems. in PCC Osaka 2002. 2002.
36 Chen, Y., K. Smedley. Three-Phase Boost-Type Grid-Connected Inverters. in APEC'06. 2006.
37 Qiao, C., k. M.Smedley. Three-phase Grid-Connected Inverters Interface for Alternative Energy Sourses with Unified Constant-frequency Integration control. in Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. 2001.
38 Bertani, A., C. Bossi, F. Fornari, S. Massucco, S. Spelta, F. Tivegna. A Microturbine Generation System for Grid Connected and Islanding Operation. in IEEE PES 2004. 2004.
39 Malinowski, M., M. Jasinski, M.P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM). IEEE Trans. on Indurtrial Electronics. 2004. 51(2): 447~453.
40 V.Timbus, A., M. Ciobotaru, R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg. Adaptive Resonant Controller for Grid-Connected Converters in Distributed Power Generation Systems. 2006.
41 zeng, Q., L. Chang. Improved Current controller Based on SVPWM for Three-Phase Grid-Connected voltage Source Inverters. in PESC '05. 2005.
42 A.B.Rey, S.d. Pablo, J.M.Ruiz. Decoupled Current Source Vector Control of a 3-phase Grid-connected Inverter Utility Observer for Synchronization in PEMD 2004. 2004.
43 S.-K.Chung. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEEE Proceedings on Electrons Power Applications. 2000. 147(3): 213~219.
44 Zhenkun, Y., L. Hui, S. Chuanyang. A DSP Control System for the Grid-connected Inverter in Wind Energy Conversion System. in ICEMS 2005. 2005.
45 Skandari, R., A. Rahmati, A. Abrishamifar, E. Abiri. A Fuzzy Logic Controller for Direct Power Control of PWM Rectifiers with SVM. in PEDES '06. 2006.
46 Serpa, L.A., S.D. Round, J.W. Kolar. A Virtual-Flux Decoupling Hysteresis Current Controller for Mains Connected Inverter Systems. in PESC '06. 2006.
47 Malinowski, M., G. MARQUES, M. CICHOWLAS, M.P. KAZMIERKOWSK. New Direct Power Control of Three-phase PWM Boost Rectifiers under Distorted and Imbalanced Line Voltage Conditions. ISIE' 03. 2003. 1(1): 438 ~ 443
48许科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006: 13~50
2严陆光.我国能源体系发展的主要趋势与特点.电网与水力发电进展. 2008, 24 (1): 1~2
3罗悦华,伍小杰,王晶鑫.三相P W M整流器及其控制策略的现状及展望.电气传动. 2006, 36 (5): 3~7
4 Y. Murai, K. Ohashi, I. Hosono. New PWM Method for Fully Digitized Inverters. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 1997,23 (5): 887~893
5张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.机械工业出版社. 2003年: 226~271
6 Zeng, Q. , L. Chang. Novel SVPWM-Based Predictive Current Controller for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters. in CCECE 2005. 2005. saskatoon.
7 T. Noguchi, H. Tomiki, S. Kondo, I. Takahashi. Direct Power Control of PWM Converter Without Power-Source Voltage Sensors. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 1998, 34 (3): 473~479
8 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Andrzej Trzynadlowski. Direct Power Control with Virtual Flux Estimation for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2000,9 (2): 442~447
9熊健,张凯,陈坚.电压型PWM整流器的控制器工程化设计方法.电工电能新技术. 2002, 21 (3): 44~48
10 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Steffan Hansen, Frede Blaabjerg, G. D.Marques. Virtual-Flux-Based Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2001,37 (4): 1019~1027
11王久和,李华德,李正熙.电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制技术.电工电能新技术. 2004, 23 (3): 264~267
12 M. Malinowski, M. Jasinski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM). IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2004,51 (2): 447~454
13何致远,韦巍.基于虚拟磁链的PWM整流器直接功率控制研究.浙江大学学报. 2004, 38 (12): 1619~1622
14孙丽芹,廖晓钟. PWM整流器的定频直接功率控制.电气传动. 2006, 36(7): 39~42
15 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space Vector Modulation– Simulation Study. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl. 2002,6 (5): 1114~118
16赵仁德,贺益康.无电网电压传感器三相PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制研究.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25 (20): 56~61
17徐小品,黄进,杨家强.瞬时功率控制在三相PWM整流中的应用.电力电子技术. 2004, 38 (2): 30~32
18 Wang, T.C., Z. Ye, G. Sinha, X. Yuan. Output Filter Design for a Grid-interconnected Three-phase Inverter. in PESC 2003. 2003.
19王久和,李华德.一种新的电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制策略.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25 (16): 47~52
20李培芳,孙士乾.三相电路瞬时电流,功率的分解与Park空间分析.浙江大学学报. 2001, 35 (1): 14~16
21 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simulation Study of Virtual Flux Based Direct Power Control for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.. 2000,9 (2): 2620~2625
22李波,安群涛,孙兵成.空间矢量PWM的仿真研究及DSP实现.中小型电机. 2005, 11(4): 24~28
23胥良,宋立伟,李子健,等.节能型能量回馈式电动车用电机对拖试验系统.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(8): 161~165
24王云飞,杨耕.通用变频器感应电机系统的电机耗能型制动控制方法.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(1): 11~18
25尹忠刚,钟彦儒,刘静,等.基于空间电压矢量的变频器能量回馈系统研究.电力电子技术. 2007, 41(7): 6~8
26王士湖,王莉.一种再生制动控制电路的设计.淮阴工学院学报. 2002,11(3): 51~53
27刘永顺,李淑平,周瑞.基于双PWM技术的交流变频调速系统.继电器. 2003, 31(10): 63~65
28 C. Klumpner, P. Nielsen, I. Boldea. A New Matrix Converter-Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications. Conf. Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 2000, (3): 1394~1402
29赵仁德,贺益康.无电网电压传感器三相PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制研究.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 25(20): 56~61
30赵仁德,贺益康. PWM整流器虚拟电网磁链定向矢量控制仿真研究.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2005, 17(5): 94~98
31 J. R. Rodrgruez, J. W. Dixon. PWM Regenerative Rectifiers: State of the Art. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 2005, 52(1) : 5~22
32 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Simulation Study of Virtual Flux Based Direct Power Control for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. Proc. of IEEE IASAM. 2000: 2620~2625
33 M. Malinowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski. Direct Power Control with Virtual Flux Estimation for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers. Proc. of IEEE ISIE. 2000: 442~447
34 Prodanovic, M., T.C. Green. Control and Filter Design of Three-Phase Inverters for High Power Quality Grid Connection. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 2003. 18(1): 373~380.
35 Sivakuma, S., T. Parsons, S.C. Sivakuma. Modeling Analysis Control of Bieirectional Power Flow in Grid Connected Inverter Systems. in PCC Osaka 2002. 2002.
36 Chen, Y., K. Smedley. Three-Phase Boost-Type Grid-Connected Inverters. in APEC'06. 2006.
37 Qiao, C., k. M.Smedley. Three-phase Grid-Connected Inverters Interface for Alternative Energy Sourses with Unified Constant-frequency Integration control. in Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. 2001.
38 Bertani, A., C. Bossi, F. Fornari, S. Massucco, S. Spelta, F. Tivegna. A Microturbine Generation System for Grid Connected and Islanding Operation. in IEEE PES 2004. 2004.
39 Malinowski, M., M. Jasinski, M.P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM). IEEE Trans. on Indurtrial Electronics. 2004. 51(2): 447~453.
40 V.Timbus, A., M. Ciobotaru, R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg. Adaptive Resonant Controller for Grid-Connected Converters in Distributed Power Generation Systems. 2006.
41 zeng, Q., L. Chang. Improved Current controller Based on SVPWM for Three-Phase Grid-Connected voltage Source Inverters. in PESC '05. 2005.
42 A.B.Rey, S.d. Pablo, J.M.Ruiz. Decoupled Current Source Vector Control of a 3-phase Grid-connected Inverter Utility Observer for Synchronization in PEMD 2004. 2004.
43 S.-K.Chung. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEEE Proceedings on Electrons Power Applications. 2000. 147(3): 213~219.
44 Zhenkun, Y., L. Hui, S. Chuanyang. A DSP Control System for the Grid-connected Inverter in Wind Energy Conversion System. in ICEMS 2005. 2005.
45 Skandari, R., A. Rahmati, A. Abrishamifar, E. Abiri. A Fuzzy Logic Controller for Direct Power Control of PWM Rectifiers with SVM. in PEDES '06. 2006.
46 Serpa, L.A., S.D. Round, J.W. Kolar. A Virtual-Flux Decoupling Hysteresis Current Controller for Mains Connected Inverter Systems. in PESC '06. 2006.
47 Malinowski, M., G. MARQUES, M. CICHOWLAS, M.P. KAZMIERKOWSK. New Direct Power Control of Three-phase PWM Boost Rectifiers under Distorted and Imbalanced Line Voltage Conditions. ISIE' 03. 2003. 1(1): 438 ~ 443
48许科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006: 13~50