膜式水冷壁传热边界条件反演
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摘要
膜式水冷壁是电站锅炉的主要受热面之一,其工作条件和工作性能对电站锅炉运行的安全性和经济性均有直接影响。膜式水冷壁的传热边界条件主要包括水冷壁向火侧辐射热流分布、水冷壁管内汽水介质温度及管内的对流换热系数。获得上述传热边界条件是采用数值模拟方法掌握膜式水冷壁金属温度分布、向火侧危险点位置与温度等相关信息的基本前提,同时也是电站锅炉运行状态分析与监测的必要条件或必要内容。膜式水冷壁的传热边界条件难以直接测量,根据膜式水冷壁的局部可测量壁温,采用传热学反问题研究方法确定膜式水冷壁的传热边界条件,是一种比较有效的技术方案。
针对电站锅炉膜式水冷壁传热边界条件反演研究的现状及存在的主要问题,本文采用共轭梯度法(CGM)研究了膜式水冷壁传热边界条件的反演问题,主要工作包括:
1)建立了电站锅炉膜式水冷壁传热过程的数学模型,采用有限体积法对导热微分方程进行离散,对离散后的代数方程组进行迭代求解,并对其适用性作了验证;通过数值仿真实验分析了不同传热边界条件对水冷壁金属温度分布、最高壁温点以及壁温水平的影响;
2)介绍了共轭梯度法的基本思想;结合第二章的膜式水冷壁传热过程(正问题),以膜式水冷壁向火侧局部辐射热流q0、水冷壁管内汽水介质温度tf及水冷壁管内换热系数h三个组合参数为待反演参数,利用共轭梯度法(CGM)建立了膜式水冷壁传热边界条件的同时反演模型;
3)对膜式水冷壁的传热边界条件反演进行了仿真试验,讨论了待反演参数的个数、初始猜测值、测点数目、测点位置、测量误差对反演精度以及向火侧温度分布的影响。仿真试验结果表明,适当增加壁温的测点数可提高反演精度,一般采用三个壁温测点即可获得满足工程要求的反演精度及水冷壁温度分布结果;虽然传热边界条件的反演结果对初值有一定的依赖性,但对于不同的初始猜测值,本文建立的反演模型仍然能够获得较好的反演结果;在一定的壁温测量误差范围内,共轭梯度反演方法能够得到较满意的结果。
The membrane water wall is one of the main heating surfaces of power plant boilers, the working condition and performance of which directly affects the safe and economic operation of the boilers. The thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall are mainly comprised of the radiation heat flux at the fireside, the temperature of the working steam-water-mixtures and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the water wall tubes. Obtaining the above thermal boundary conditions is the basic premise to master the information such as the metal surface temperature distribution of the membrane water wall and the positions and temperatures of the dangerous points, also is the necessary requirement and content of the operation state analysis and monitoring of power plant boilers. Because of the difficulty of direct measurement, it is an effective approach to study the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall by using the method of inverse heat transfer problem, which bases on the local measurable temperatures on the membrane water wall.
The inverse problem of estimating the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was studied by using Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) in this paper, aiming at the status and the main problems in the investigations of that. The main tasks of this paper are as follows.
1) The mathematic model of the heat conduction process in the membrane water wall of power plant boiler was established. The differential equation of heat conduction was dispersed by Finite Volume Method, and the discrete algebraic equations were solved iteratively. Then the applicability was validated. The effects of different thermal boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, position of the highest temperature and temperature level of membrane water wall were analyzed through numerical experiments.
2) The basic concept of conjugate gradient method was introduced. Combining the heat conduction process (forward problem) of membrane water wall established in Chapter 2, the inverse model of estimating the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was set up by Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which took the radiation heat flux at the fireside of membrane water wall q0, the temperature of the working steam-water-mixtures tf and the convective heat transfer coefficient h in the water wall tubes as the inversed parameters.
3) The estimation of the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was conducted by numerical experiments, and the influences of the parameter numbers, the initial guesses of inversed parameters, the number and the position of measured points and the measurement errors on the accuracy of inverse solutions and the temperature distribution at the fireside of membrane water wall were discussed. The results of numerical experiments showed that, the appropriate increase of measured points was benefit to improve the inverse accuracy, while the solution with three measured points can meet the accuracy requierment of engineering generally. Though the inversed results of the thermal boundary conditions depended on the initial values definitely, preferable results could be achieved by the inverse approach in this paper. When the measured temperatures contained some errors, satisfactory results can also be obtained by Conjugate Gradient Method.
针对电站锅炉膜式水冷壁传热边界条件反演研究的现状及存在的主要问题,本文采用共轭梯度法(CGM)研究了膜式水冷壁传热边界条件的反演问题,主要工作包括:
1)建立了电站锅炉膜式水冷壁传热过程的数学模型,采用有限体积法对导热微分方程进行离散,对离散后的代数方程组进行迭代求解,并对其适用性作了验证;通过数值仿真实验分析了不同传热边界条件对水冷壁金属温度分布、最高壁温点以及壁温水平的影响;
2)介绍了共轭梯度法的基本思想;结合第二章的膜式水冷壁传热过程(正问题),以膜式水冷壁向火侧局部辐射热流q0、水冷壁管内汽水介质温度tf及水冷壁管内换热系数h三个组合参数为待反演参数,利用共轭梯度法(CGM)建立了膜式水冷壁传热边界条件的同时反演模型;
3)对膜式水冷壁的传热边界条件反演进行了仿真试验,讨论了待反演参数的个数、初始猜测值、测点数目、测点位置、测量误差对反演精度以及向火侧温度分布的影响。仿真试验结果表明,适当增加壁温的测点数可提高反演精度,一般采用三个壁温测点即可获得满足工程要求的反演精度及水冷壁温度分布结果;虽然传热边界条件的反演结果对初值有一定的依赖性,但对于不同的初始猜测值,本文建立的反演模型仍然能够获得较好的反演结果;在一定的壁温测量误差范围内,共轭梯度反演方法能够得到较满意的结果。
The membrane water wall is one of the main heating surfaces of power plant boilers, the working condition and performance of which directly affects the safe and economic operation of the boilers. The thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall are mainly comprised of the radiation heat flux at the fireside, the temperature of the working steam-water-mixtures and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the water wall tubes. Obtaining the above thermal boundary conditions is the basic premise to master the information such as the metal surface temperature distribution of the membrane water wall and the positions and temperatures of the dangerous points, also is the necessary requirement and content of the operation state analysis and monitoring of power plant boilers. Because of the difficulty of direct measurement, it is an effective approach to study the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall by using the method of inverse heat transfer problem, which bases on the local measurable temperatures on the membrane water wall.
The inverse problem of estimating the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was studied by using Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) in this paper, aiming at the status and the main problems in the investigations of that. The main tasks of this paper are as follows.
1) The mathematic model of the heat conduction process in the membrane water wall of power plant boiler was established. The differential equation of heat conduction was dispersed by Finite Volume Method, and the discrete algebraic equations were solved iteratively. Then the applicability was validated. The effects of different thermal boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, position of the highest temperature and temperature level of membrane water wall were analyzed through numerical experiments.
2) The basic concept of conjugate gradient method was introduced. Combining the heat conduction process (forward problem) of membrane water wall established in Chapter 2, the inverse model of estimating the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was set up by Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which took the radiation heat flux at the fireside of membrane water wall q0, the temperature of the working steam-water-mixtures tf and the convective heat transfer coefficient h in the water wall tubes as the inversed parameters.
3) The estimation of the thermal boundary conditions of membrane water wall was conducted by numerical experiments, and the influences of the parameter numbers, the initial guesses of inversed parameters, the number and the position of measured points and the measurement errors on the accuracy of inverse solutions and the temperature distribution at the fireside of membrane water wall were discussed. The results of numerical experiments showed that, the appropriate increase of measured points was benefit to improve the inverse accuracy, while the solution with three measured points can meet the accuracy requierment of engineering generally. Though the inversed results of the thermal boundary conditions depended on the initial values definitely, preferable results could be achieved by the inverse approach in this paper. When the measured temperatures contained some errors, satisfactory results can also be obtained by Conjugate Gradient Method.
引文
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[8]王为术,徐维晖,顾红芳,等.超超临界锅炉垂直水冷壁温度场的数值计算[J].动力工程, 2009, 29(8):707-712.
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[10]李燕,李文凯,吴玉新,等. 600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉的炉膛水冷壁传热[J].清华大学(自然科学版), 2009, 29(12):1083-1087.
[11]刘旭东,盛伟,张劲松. 600MW超临界锅炉炉膛膜式水冷壁的热行为研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(5):677-681.
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