基于ARM的海洋台站自动观测系统的设计
摘要
海洋台站自动观测系统是一套应用于海滨观测的仪器设备,负责对气象、水文参数进行实时观测。诸多的参数通过相应的传感器进行测量,海洋台站自动观测系统对测量的信息进行汇总,再将其通过有线或无线的通讯方式传输到各级海洋环境监测预报中心,供天气预报和海洋预报使用。
本文以我国“海洋台站自动观测系统政府采购计划”为背景,重点设计了低成本、低功耗、高性能、高可靠性的新型海洋台站自动观测系统。本课题主要研究基于arm7+uClinux海洋台站自动观测系统的设计与开发。根据实际的需要,分析海洋台站自动观测系统的整体要求,对传感器进行选型,进行方案设计,完成整个系统的搭建。为了降低系统功耗,CPU所采用的是Samsung公司推出的无内存管理单元的处理器S3C44B0,设计了8M FLASH、64M SDRAM、液晶、USB以及键盘等相关电路。同时,为了减少驱动开发所带来的不便,使用TL16C554A对串口电路进行了扩展,便于数据处理,也使得系统具有更好的可扩展性。软件方面设计主要涉及了BootLoader引导装载程序的建立,选用uClinux操作系统,并对其内核进行配置和裁剪,添加源代码中没有的驱动程序。为了缩短研发周期和降低开发难度,选用MiniGUI作为图形用户界面系统,深入分析了MiniGUI的结构、原理,并将其移植到uClinux系统中。本系统采用的是MiniGUI-Threads多线程模式,主线程协调各个线程进行相应的数据处理。为了使系统操作变得直观、简单,对用户界面进行了初步设计,使用复用I/O的方法解决多串口通讯容易造成的数据阻塞问题。此外,为了更好的将台站所测得的信息量发送给海洋环境监测预报中心,需要完善通讯协议以便于数据交换。
最后,根据本系统实际研究开发结果,总结分析了系统的特点,并对下一步设计工作进行了展望。
The oceanic station automatic observation system is an equipment which is applicable for waterfront observation.It is responsible to observe meteorological, hydrological parameters in real time.Many parameters are measureed by the corresponding sensor.The oceanic station automatic observation system collects the metrical information and transmits all kinds of marine information to environment monitor forecasting center for weather forecasting and marine forecasting,by the means of wired or wireless communication.
This dissertation is based on Chinese " the oceanic station automatic observation system of government procurement plan",focus on the design of low-cost,low-power, high-performance,high- reliability of the new oceanic station automatic observation system.The paper is mainly about the design of the oceanic station automatic observation system based on ARM and uClinux.According to the actual needs,we analyse overall requirements of the oceanic automatic observation system,select the sensors,make the design proposal to complete the whole structure of the system.In order to reduce power consumption of the system,what this system uses is the micro processor unit s3c44b0 which is produced by the Samsung Corporation without memory management unit.System memory device includes 8M FLASH and 64M SDRAM,peripheral interface includes LCD,USB,keyboard and so on.At the same time,in order to reduce the inconvenience caused by drive development,we use TL16C554A to expand the serial circuit,it is easy for data processing and expansibility of the system.Software platform mainly includes:set up BootLoader process,configure and cut out the uClinux kernel which we choose,add the source code which are not included in the system drivers.In order to reduce the research time and difficulty of the development,we select the MiniGUI as the graphical user interface system.This dissertation deeply analyses the structure and principle of the MiniGUI and transplants it to the uClinux system.This system choose the MiniGUI-Threads multithreading mode,the main thread corresponds other threads and processes the data.In order to make the system become operational and simple,we design a good graphical user interface.We use the multiplex I/O to solute obstructions caused by multi-serial communication.At the same time,in order to send the information measured by station to environment monitor forecasting center,We need to improve the communication protocol for facilitating data exchange.
Finally,characteristics of this system are summarized based on the actual result of the research and development of this system,and the future designing work is also prospected.
本文以我国“海洋台站自动观测系统政府采购计划”为背景,重点设计了低成本、低功耗、高性能、高可靠性的新型海洋台站自动观测系统。本课题主要研究基于arm7+uClinux海洋台站自动观测系统的设计与开发。根据实际的需要,分析海洋台站自动观测系统的整体要求,对传感器进行选型,进行方案设计,完成整个系统的搭建。为了降低系统功耗,CPU所采用的是Samsung公司推出的无内存管理单元的处理器S3C44B0,设计了8M FLASH、64M SDRAM、液晶、USB以及键盘等相关电路。同时,为了减少驱动开发所带来的不便,使用TL16C554A对串口电路进行了扩展,便于数据处理,也使得系统具有更好的可扩展性。软件方面设计主要涉及了BootLoader引导装载程序的建立,选用uClinux操作系统,并对其内核进行配置和裁剪,添加源代码中没有的驱动程序。为了缩短研发周期和降低开发难度,选用MiniGUI作为图形用户界面系统,深入分析了MiniGUI的结构、原理,并将其移植到uClinux系统中。本系统采用的是MiniGUI-Threads多线程模式,主线程协调各个线程进行相应的数据处理。为了使系统操作变得直观、简单,对用户界面进行了初步设计,使用复用I/O的方法解决多串口通讯容易造成的数据阻塞问题。此外,为了更好的将台站所测得的信息量发送给海洋环境监测预报中心,需要完善通讯协议以便于数据交换。
最后,根据本系统实际研究开发结果,总结分析了系统的特点,并对下一步设计工作进行了展望。
The oceanic station automatic observation system is an equipment which is applicable for waterfront observation.It is responsible to observe meteorological, hydrological parameters in real time.Many parameters are measureed by the corresponding sensor.The oceanic station automatic observation system collects the metrical information and transmits all kinds of marine information to environment monitor forecasting center for weather forecasting and marine forecasting,by the means of wired or wireless communication.
This dissertation is based on Chinese " the oceanic station automatic observation system of government procurement plan",focus on the design of low-cost,low-power, high-performance,high- reliability of the new oceanic station automatic observation system.The paper is mainly about the design of the oceanic station automatic observation system based on ARM and uClinux.According to the actual needs,we analyse overall requirements of the oceanic automatic observation system,select the sensors,make the design proposal to complete the whole structure of the system.In order to reduce power consumption of the system,what this system uses is the micro processor unit s3c44b0 which is produced by the Samsung Corporation without memory management unit.System memory device includes 8M FLASH and 64M SDRAM,peripheral interface includes LCD,USB,keyboard and so on.At the same time,in order to reduce the inconvenience caused by drive development,we use TL16C554A to expand the serial circuit,it is easy for data processing and expansibility of the system.Software platform mainly includes:set up BootLoader process,configure and cut out the uClinux kernel which we choose,add the source code which are not included in the system drivers.In order to reduce the research time and difficulty of the development,we select the MiniGUI as the graphical user interface system.This dissertation deeply analyses the structure and principle of the MiniGUI and transplants it to the uClinux system.This system choose the MiniGUI-Threads multithreading mode,the main thread corresponds other threads and processes the data.In order to make the system become operational and simple,we design a good graphical user interface.We use the multiplex I/O to solute obstructions caused by multi-serial communication.At the same time,in order to send the information measured by station to environment monitor forecasting center,We need to improve the communication protocol for facilitating data exchange.
Finally,characteristics of this system are summarized based on the actual result of the research and development of this system,and the future designing work is also prospected.
引文
[1]王军成,刘岩.发展海洋监测高新技术振兴海洋仪器行业.山东科学,2006,5:1-5
[2]侍茂崇,高郭平,鲍献文.海洋调查方法.青岛海洋大学出版社.2007:1～22
[3]什么是嵌入式系统.http://www.2lic.com
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T14914--2004.海滨观测规范.北京:国家质量技术监督检验检疫总局
[5]李驹光 ARM应用系统开发祥解.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2-11
[6]周立功等编著.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学,2006.7-10,144-169
[7]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.43-57,64-69,102-104
[8]李善平,陈文智.Linux内核指导.浙江大学出版社,2006
[9]许海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用.机械工业出版社,2006
[10]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术祥解-基于ARM.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.113-116
[11]毛德操,胡希明.Linux内核源代码情景分析.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2001.4-12
[12]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.326
[13]张嵛.32位嵌入式系统硬件设计与调试.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.139-150
[14]S3c44b0 Preliminary,samsung,
[15]TL16C554A Data Sheet,TI
[16]LM057QC1T01 Data Sheet,sharp
[17]Saro 3 130P DataSheet,厦门桑荣科技有限公司
[18]Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform,Intel
[19]Porting Linux to a New ARM Platform,Intel
[20]John Lombardo.Embedded Linux
[21]周立功.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[22]北京飞漫软件技术有限公司.MiniGUI编程指南for MiniGUI Ver 1.3.x,2003.10
[23]北京飞漫软件技术有限公司.MiniGUI API Reference Documentation for MimGUI Ver 1.3.x,2003.10
[24]Alessandro Rubini、Jonathan Corbet 著,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译.Linux设备驱动程序(第一版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.11
[25]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems.O'Reilly,April 2003
[26]Andrew N.Sloss,Dominic Symes,Chris Wright.ARM System Developer's Guide
[27]赵炯 Linux内核0.11 详细注释
[28]Neil Matthew,Richard Stones.Professional Linux Programming.Wrox Press,2004
[29]Neil Matthew,Richard Stones.Beginning Linux Programming Third Edition.O'Reilly,2004
[30]Yangjc.Linux串口驱动结构解析.来源:互连网.2007
[31]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman著,魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译.Linux Device Drivers,Third Edition.中国电力出版社,2005
[32]于水生.基于Linux和MiniGUI的嵌入式计算机系统的开发.北京邮电大学.2007
[33]刘志远.嵌入式Linux与MiniGUI的研究与移植.吉林大学.2006
[34]章小丹.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux的研究与实践.武汉理工大学.2007
[35]朱玮玮 杨建明.uClinux——一种嵌入式Linux系统.舰船电子工程2003.47-50
[36]陈坚华 范燕 冉立新等.基于ARM7TDMI的uClinux移植.电子器件,2003,15-18
[37]郑家铃 张云峰 孙荷琨.嵌入式Linux内核下串行驱动程序的实现.电脑与信息技术,2002,(05),37-41
[38]MiniGUI Microwindows OpenGUI的代码包及相关文档
[39]魏永明,MiniGUI技术白皮书 2006
[2]侍茂崇,高郭平,鲍献文.海洋调查方法.青岛海洋大学出版社.2007:1～22
[3]什么是嵌入式系统.http://www.2lic.com
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T14914--2004.海滨观测规范.北京:国家质量技术监督检验检疫总局
[5]李驹光 ARM应用系统开发祥解.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2-11
[6]周立功等编著.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学,2006.7-10,144-169
[7]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.43-57,64-69,102-104
[8]李善平,陈文智.Linux内核指导.浙江大学出版社,2006
[9]许海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用.机械工业出版社,2006
[10]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术祥解-基于ARM.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.113-116
[11]毛德操,胡希明.Linux内核源代码情景分析.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2001.4-12
[12]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.326
[13]张嵛.32位嵌入式系统硬件设计与调试.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.139-150
[14]S3c44b0 Preliminary,samsung,
[15]TL16C554A Data Sheet,TI
[16]LM057QC1T01 Data Sheet,sharp
[17]Saro 3 130P DataSheet,厦门桑荣科技有限公司
[18]Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform,Intel
[19]Porting Linux to a New ARM Platform,Intel
[20]John Lombardo.Embedded Linux
[21]周立功.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[22]北京飞漫软件技术有限公司.MiniGUI编程指南for MiniGUI Ver 1.3.x,2003.10
[23]北京飞漫软件技术有限公司.MiniGUI API Reference Documentation for MimGUI Ver 1.3.x,2003.10
[24]Alessandro Rubini、Jonathan Corbet 著,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译.Linux设备驱动程序(第一版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.11
[25]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems.O'Reilly,April 2003
[26]Andrew N.Sloss,Dominic Symes,Chris Wright.ARM System Developer's Guide
[27]赵炯 Linux内核0.11 详细注释
[28]Neil Matthew,Richard Stones.Professional Linux Programming.Wrox Press,2004
[29]Neil Matthew,Richard Stones.Beginning Linux Programming Third Edition.O'Reilly,2004
[30]Yangjc.Linux串口驱动结构解析.来源:互连网.2007
[31]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman著,魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译.Linux Device Drivers,Third Edition.中国电力出版社,2005
[32]于水生.基于Linux和MiniGUI的嵌入式计算机系统的开发.北京邮电大学.2007
[33]刘志远.嵌入式Linux与MiniGUI的研究与移植.吉林大学.2006
[34]章小丹.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux的研究与实践.武汉理工大学.2007
[35]朱玮玮 杨建明.uClinux——一种嵌入式Linux系统.舰船电子工程2003.47-50
[36]陈坚华 范燕 冉立新等.基于ARM7TDMI的uClinux移植.电子器件,2003,15-18
[37]郑家铃 张云峰 孙荷琨.嵌入式Linux内核下串行驱动程序的实现.电脑与信息技术,2002,(05),37-41
[38]MiniGUI Microwindows OpenGUI的代码包及相关文档
[39]魏永明,MiniGUI技术白皮书 2006