机械球磨法制备Ti-Cr及Ti-Cu阻燃合金层的研究
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摘要
高能球磨过程中,金属粉末在经历冷焊和细化的同时,其中一部分粉末沉积在球磨罐壁和磨球表面,经过反复挤压和冷焊,形成一定厚度的合金层。根据这一原理,本文设计了Ti-Cr、Ti-Cu两组合金粉末,为了在钛及其合金表面形成具有阻燃效果的表面合金层。
首先以纯钛和纯铬粉为原始粉末,在TC4表面成功制备了Ti-Cr阻燃合金层,基体表层晶粒细化效果很明显,显微硬度也有很明显的提高,抗氧化性能也有较大的提升。通过扫描、高温氧化、划痕、摩擦磨损、激光烧蚀实验对不同工艺形成的合金层进行表征,总结出球磨时间10h为最佳。
在商用纯钛表面成功制备了Ti-Cu阻燃合金层,表层晶粒细化效果也很明显,显微硬度也有很明显的提高,抗氧化性能也稍有的提升。通过扫描、划痕、摩擦磨损、激光烧蚀实验对不同工艺形成的合金层进行表征,总结出球磨时间5h为最佳。
对高能球磨技术制备合金层的机理进行了探讨,大量粉末颗粒由于磨球的作用被强制压入试样表面,并冷焊在基体表面;此外,粉末颗粒彼此之间也发生广泛焊合,形成复合粒子。已经进入基体的粉末粒子一方面与激活态的基体发生交互作用,原子间彼此相互扩散,形成冶金结合的合金层;另一方面,与大量复合粒子继续发生冷焊作用,使合金层往外生长。当球磨作用达到一定程度时,进一步的球磨对合金层有很严重的破坏作用,使得所形成合金层不连续、不均匀。
对阻燃钛合金的阻燃机理进行了探讨,认为Ti-Cr合金层中的Cr元素具有很重要的作用,它能形成致密的氧化层阻止氧气的向内传输,以达到阻燃的目的,同时铬的氧化物容易以气态的形式存在,更容易带走热量,可以降低温度,也能达到阻燃的目的。Ti-Cu合金层中的Cu也具有很重的作用,一方面,液相的析出吸收大量热量,降低体系温度,另一方面,析出的液相能够阻止燃烧,两方面的共同作用达到阻燃的目的。
During the process of high energy ball milling, the powder undergoes cold welding and the resulted refinement. Due to the repeated collisions and cold welding, a fraction of powder tends to adhere to the surface of balls and the inner wall of chamber, so as to form a coating layer. Based on this principle, Ti-Cr and Ti-Cu powder was used to prepare the some surface coatings with the ability of burn-resistant in this paper.
The Ti-Cr coating was fabricated on the surface of TC4 putting the pure titanium along with chromium powder in the chamber. The grain size declined markedly on the upper surface its microhardness and performance of high temperature anti-oxidation became better. All the results showed that the optimal milling time was 10h.
The Ti-Cu coating was fabricated on the surface of pure titanium putting the pure titanium powder along with chromium powder in the chamber. All the results of experiments were almost the same as that of Ti-Cr coating but the optimal milling time was 5h instead.
The author studied the fabrication principle of coating using the method of high energy ball milling. A great deal of powder was pressed and cold-welded to the surface of substrate then coating was formed. Meanwhile, the cold welding happened among the powder then compound particles were formed. The diffusions happened between the powder which had been pressed into the substrate and the substrate, which made the coating metallurgical bonded. There was one important thing had to be mentioned was that with over milling time, the coating would be broken.
The author also studied the principle of burn resistant titanium. In the author’s opinion, the Cr element in the Ti-Cr coating took a great important part in the burn resistance. First, the compact chromic oxide had the ability to stop transmitting the oxygen inward, so the substrate couldn’t be burned without oxygen. Second, it is easier to be the way of gaseity for chromic oxide than titanium oxide, which could take the more heat away then declined the temperature, the substrate would not be burned at the low temperature. The Cu element in the Ti-Cu coating also took a great important port in the burn resistance. The formation of liquid needs a lot of heat energy, so the system’s temperature will be decreased, which has the ability of stopping the burning. Meanwhile, the liquid phase has the ability of putting out the fire.
首先以纯钛和纯铬粉为原始粉末,在TC4表面成功制备了Ti-Cr阻燃合金层,基体表层晶粒细化效果很明显,显微硬度也有很明显的提高,抗氧化性能也有较大的提升。通过扫描、高温氧化、划痕、摩擦磨损、激光烧蚀实验对不同工艺形成的合金层进行表征,总结出球磨时间10h为最佳。
在商用纯钛表面成功制备了Ti-Cu阻燃合金层,表层晶粒细化效果也很明显,显微硬度也有很明显的提高,抗氧化性能也稍有的提升。通过扫描、划痕、摩擦磨损、激光烧蚀实验对不同工艺形成的合金层进行表征,总结出球磨时间5h为最佳。
对高能球磨技术制备合金层的机理进行了探讨,大量粉末颗粒由于磨球的作用被强制压入试样表面,并冷焊在基体表面;此外,粉末颗粒彼此之间也发生广泛焊合,形成复合粒子。已经进入基体的粉末粒子一方面与激活态的基体发生交互作用,原子间彼此相互扩散,形成冶金结合的合金层;另一方面,与大量复合粒子继续发生冷焊作用,使合金层往外生长。当球磨作用达到一定程度时,进一步的球磨对合金层有很严重的破坏作用,使得所形成合金层不连续、不均匀。
对阻燃钛合金的阻燃机理进行了探讨,认为Ti-Cr合金层中的Cr元素具有很重要的作用,它能形成致密的氧化层阻止氧气的向内传输,以达到阻燃的目的,同时铬的氧化物容易以气态的形式存在,更容易带走热量,可以降低温度,也能达到阻燃的目的。Ti-Cu合金层中的Cu也具有很重的作用,一方面,液相的析出吸收大量热量,降低体系温度,另一方面,析出的液相能够阻止燃烧,两方面的共同作用达到阻燃的目的。
During the process of high energy ball milling, the powder undergoes cold welding and the resulted refinement. Due to the repeated collisions and cold welding, a fraction of powder tends to adhere to the surface of balls and the inner wall of chamber, so as to form a coating layer. Based on this principle, Ti-Cr and Ti-Cu powder was used to prepare the some surface coatings with the ability of burn-resistant in this paper.
The Ti-Cr coating was fabricated on the surface of TC4 putting the pure titanium along with chromium powder in the chamber. The grain size declined markedly on the upper surface its microhardness and performance of high temperature anti-oxidation became better. All the results showed that the optimal milling time was 10h.
The Ti-Cu coating was fabricated on the surface of pure titanium putting the pure titanium powder along with chromium powder in the chamber. All the results of experiments were almost the same as that of Ti-Cr coating but the optimal milling time was 5h instead.
The author studied the fabrication principle of coating using the method of high energy ball milling. A great deal of powder was pressed and cold-welded to the surface of substrate then coating was formed. Meanwhile, the cold welding happened among the powder then compound particles were formed. The diffusions happened between the powder which had been pressed into the substrate and the substrate, which made the coating metallurgical bonded. There was one important thing had to be mentioned was that with over milling time, the coating would be broken.
The author also studied the principle of burn resistant titanium. In the author’s opinion, the Cr element in the Ti-Cr coating took a great important part in the burn resistance. First, the compact chromic oxide had the ability to stop transmitting the oxygen inward, so the substrate couldn’t be burned without oxygen. Second, it is easier to be the way of gaseity for chromic oxide than titanium oxide, which could take the more heat away then declined the temperature, the substrate would not be burned at the low temperature. The Cu element in the Ti-Cu coating also took a great important port in the burn resistance. The formation of liquid needs a lot of heat energy, so the system’s temperature will be decreased, which has the ability of stopping the burning. Meanwhile, the liquid phase has the ability of putting out the fire.
引文
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