部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁试验与理论研究
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摘要
基于9根梁的低周反复荷载试验、有限元模拟和理论分析，对部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗震性能进行了较为系统的研究，并对其静力设计理论进行了研究。主要研究工作包括四个部分：
第一部分，进行了9根梁的低周反复荷载试验，对其受力过程、破坏形态、特征荷载、恢复力模型、变形恢复能力、延性性能、刚度退化、耗能能力等进行较为系统的研究。研究表明：破坏形态为混凝土压碎；与预应力钢筋混凝土梁相比，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的位移延性系数在3.9～6.3之间，具有较好的抗震性能；提高张拉控制应力，增大综合配筋指数和预应力度对预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁抗震性能不利；随着无粘结段长度的增加，部分预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力降低，变形能力增强。
第二部分，采用ANSYS对9根部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的静力特性进行了模拟分析，理论值与试验值吻合良好，在此基础上展开了参数分析。研究表明：当无粘结段长度比例从0.25增至0.75时，承载能力降低了约12.0％，位移延性从4.1增至6.1；提高张拉控制应力和预应力度，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载增大，但其位移延性系数减小；加载间距对部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的受力性能有较大的影响，而混凝土强度等级对其影响较小。
第三部分，对部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁设计理论进行了较为系统的研究，综合考虑预应力CFRP筋的无粘结段长度比例、外荷载形式、综合配筋指数、预应力筋配筋形式等因素，推导了预应力CFRP筋的弹性应力增量和极限应力增量计算公式，并在此基础上提出了部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、抗裂度、挠度、裂缝宽度等设计建议。
第四部分，通过对国内外已有结构安全性指标的研究，首次提出了结构综合安全性指标——X指标；与其他延性指标相比，该指标能综合评估预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、变形和延性性能。
其中，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁低周反复荷载试验和静力设计理论研究在国内外均属首次，研究成果将为预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构在实际工程的应用提供科学依据，并为预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构设计规范的编制提供参考。
Based on the experimental investigation and theoretical analysis, the structural behavior of the partially prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons were studied deeply. The ductility evaluation of presstressed concrete beams with FRP tendons were summarized and analyzed. Herein, the authors initially conducted the investigation on the seismic behaviors and design theory of partially prestressed partially bonded CFRP concrete beams should be pointed out emphatically. The research work mainly included the following four parts:
Firstly, 9 beam specimens are tested to investigate the seismic behaviors of presstressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons. The research objectives focus on the loading process, failure modes, characteristic loads, hysteretic model, deformation restoring capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity. Studies show that all specimens fail at the top surface of the beams, where the concrete is crushed. The displacement ductility of prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons, which range from 4 to7, are a little smaller than that with steel strands, the ductility values of the latter one are more than 6.5. The increases of jacking stress, reinforcement ratio as well as PPR lead to worse seismic behavior. With the increases of the unbonded length of CFRP tendons, the load-carrying capacity of the corresponding beams decrease, but the deformation capacity would be improved. From the experimental results, the conclusion that partially prestressed, partially bonded CFRP or steel strands concrete beams with middle PPR exhibit better hysteretic behavior.
Secondly, full range analysis of 9 prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons are simulated by ANSYS software. On basis of the simulation, parameter analyses are conducted on the effect of different parameters. Studies show the flexural strengths increase 12.0%, when unbonded length to span ratios increase from 0.25 to 0.75, but the ductility evaluations based on displacement increase from 4 to 6. The higher jacking stress and PPR achieves higher crack moments, yielding loads and flexural strengths, but lower ductility. The shear-to-span ratio has an important parameter on the static behavior of partially bonded prestressed CFRP concrete beams. The strength indexes and deformation indexes are 1.4-1.8, and 4.0～7.5, respectively. What the stated above shows prestressed concrete beams with
partially bonded CFRP tendons exhibit better deformation and ductility ability.
Thirdly, the design theory for partially prestressed partially bonded CFRP concrete beams is studied on the basis of the experimental results and previous tested dates. Considering the effect of unbonded length of CFRP tendons, loading profile, reinforcement ratio, formulas for calculating the stress increment of CFRP tendons under elastic state and ultimate state are proposed. Furthermore, the design guidelines for determining the flexural capacity, crack resistance, deflection and crack width of prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons are put forward.
Finally, the ductility evaluations of prestressed concrete beams with FRP tendons are summarized. According to the existing tested dates of prestressed FRP concrete beams, comparison among different ductility evaluations are carried out. Studies show conventional ductility evaluations are not suitable for presressed FRP concrete beams. The ductility values based on energy are more than that on deformation. F or J index could evaluate the load-carrying capacity and deformation capacity more reasonably.
Tested results and studies fruits obtained in this paper could provide better understanding for the applications and design specifications of prestressed concrete structures with CFRP tendons.
第一部分，进行了9根梁的低周反复荷载试验，对其受力过程、破坏形态、特征荷载、恢复力模型、变形恢复能力、延性性能、刚度退化、耗能能力等进行较为系统的研究。研究表明：破坏形态为混凝土压碎；与预应力钢筋混凝土梁相比，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的位移延性系数在3.9～6.3之间，具有较好的抗震性能；提高张拉控制应力，增大综合配筋指数和预应力度对预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁抗震性能不利；随着无粘结段长度的增加，部分预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力降低，变形能力增强。
第二部分，采用ANSYS对9根部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的静力特性进行了模拟分析，理论值与试验值吻合良好，在此基础上展开了参数分析。研究表明：当无粘结段长度比例从0.25增至0.75时，承载能力降低了约12.0％，位移延性从4.1增至6.1；提高张拉控制应力和预应力度，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载增大，但其位移延性系数减小；加载间距对部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的受力性能有较大的影响，而混凝土强度等级对其影响较小。
第三部分，对部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁设计理论进行了较为系统的研究，综合考虑预应力CFRP筋的无粘结段长度比例、外荷载形式、综合配筋指数、预应力筋配筋形式等因素，推导了预应力CFRP筋的弹性应力增量和极限应力增量计算公式，并在此基础上提出了部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、抗裂度、挠度、裂缝宽度等设计建议。
第四部分，通过对国内外已有结构安全性指标的研究，首次提出了结构综合安全性指标——X指标；与其他延性指标相比，该指标能综合评估预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、变形和延性性能。
其中，部分粘结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁低周反复荷载试验和静力设计理论研究在国内外均属首次，研究成果将为预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构在实际工程的应用提供科学依据，并为预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构设计规范的编制提供参考。
Based on the experimental investigation and theoretical analysis, the structural behavior of the partially prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons were studied deeply. The ductility evaluation of presstressed concrete beams with FRP tendons were summarized and analyzed. Herein, the authors initially conducted the investigation on the seismic behaviors and design theory of partially prestressed partially bonded CFRP concrete beams should be pointed out emphatically. The research work mainly included the following four parts:
Firstly, 9 beam specimens are tested to investigate the seismic behaviors of presstressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons. The research objectives focus on the loading process, failure modes, characteristic loads, hysteretic model, deformation restoring capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity. Studies show that all specimens fail at the top surface of the beams, where the concrete is crushed. The displacement ductility of prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons, which range from 4 to7, are a little smaller than that with steel strands, the ductility values of the latter one are more than 6.5. The increases of jacking stress, reinforcement ratio as well as PPR lead to worse seismic behavior. With the increases of the unbonded length of CFRP tendons, the load-carrying capacity of the corresponding beams decrease, but the deformation capacity would be improved. From the experimental results, the conclusion that partially prestressed, partially bonded CFRP or steel strands concrete beams with middle PPR exhibit better hysteretic behavior.
Secondly, full range analysis of 9 prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons are simulated by ANSYS software. On basis of the simulation, parameter analyses are conducted on the effect of different parameters. Studies show the flexural strengths increase 12.0%, when unbonded length to span ratios increase from 0.25 to 0.75, but the ductility evaluations based on displacement increase from 4 to 6. The higher jacking stress and PPR achieves higher crack moments, yielding loads and flexural strengths, but lower ductility. The shear-to-span ratio has an important parameter on the static behavior of partially bonded prestressed CFRP concrete beams. The strength indexes and deformation indexes are 1.4-1.8, and 4.0～7.5, respectively. What the stated above shows prestressed concrete beams with
partially bonded CFRP tendons exhibit better deformation and ductility ability.
Thirdly, the design theory for partially prestressed partially bonded CFRP concrete beams is studied on the basis of the experimental results and previous tested dates. Considering the effect of unbonded length of CFRP tendons, loading profile, reinforcement ratio, formulas for calculating the stress increment of CFRP tendons under elastic state and ultimate state are proposed. Furthermore, the design guidelines for determining the flexural capacity, crack resistance, deflection and crack width of prestressed concrete beams with partially bonded CFRP tendons are put forward.
Finally, the ductility evaluations of prestressed concrete beams with FRP tendons are summarized. According to the existing tested dates of prestressed FRP concrete beams, comparison among different ductility evaluations are carried out. Studies show conventional ductility evaluations are not suitable for presressed FRP concrete beams. The ductility values based on energy are more than that on deformation. F or J index could evaluate the load-carrying capacity and deformation capacity more reasonably.
Tested results and studies fruits obtained in this paper could provide better understanding for the applications and design specifications of prestressed concrete structures with CFRP tendons.
引文
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