河南省生物质（秸秆、林业废弃物）发电现状、存在问题及对策研究
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摘要
河南省能源消费以煤炭为主,能源发展面临的资源、结构和环境制约越来越突出。河南是农业大省,拥有丰富的生物质资源,发展生物质能产业的内外部环境条件较好。随着《可再生能源法》、《可再生能源发展“十一五”规划》、《可再生能源中长期发展规划》的实施和与之配套的政策措施的出台,我省生物质发电取得了一定进展,但仍存在一些问题。为了对我省生物质发电有一个更加清晰的认识,特提出我的这一课题。课题研究目的是通过对我省生物质发电现状的分析,查清我省生物质资源潜力,预测我省可开发生物质发电装机容量,研究生物质电厂燃料、给料系统及锅炉等关键设备,查找生物质发电建设、运行中存在的问题,并提出一些对策,具体内容如下:
(1)2007年底河南省生物质发电装机达到6.2万KW。存在如下问题:电价偏低影响电厂投资建设的积极性;新建项目投资成本偏高;燃料收购成本高,部分项目所在地燃料收购困难;个别电厂占地偏大;水源使用不符合政策;生物质资源量有待落实等。
(2)全省每年主要农作物秸秆的资源总量约为6000万吨。秸秆可供量为600万吨。全省可开发装机容量约为111.11万KW。全省每年通过各种生产渠道共可产生约293万立方米林业废弃物。可供发电用的林业废弃物资源量约为97.6万立方米。全省可开发装机容量约为7.95万KW。我省生物质(秸秆、林业废弃物)可开发装机容量约为119.06万KW。
⑶生物质电厂采用的燃料大概可分为两大类:软类燃料和硬类燃料。燃料供应系统分为两大类:在各村就地加工直接送电厂和在各乡镇建设集中收购储运加工站方式。燃料预处理方式可分为以下三种:黄色秸秆打捆、硬秸秆预处理方式、黄色秸秆压密处理方式。对生物质燃料到厂价格进行调研:玉米秸秆成型包价格成本总计253.06元/t;小麦秸秆成型包价格成本总计324.52元/t;玉米皮成型包价格总计202.39元/t;棉秆综合成本为226.60元/t。通过对生物质燃料的调研分析,发现存在质量很难达到验收标准、燃料不合格直接影响机组运行等问题。生物质电厂给料系统主要由储料仓输送链、分配输送链、分配小车、称重输料机、密封输料机、缓冲输料机、定量给料机、螺旋破碎机、密封门、防火门、水冷套以及膨胀节等部件组成,配有燃料输送线。锅炉主要为75t/h、130t/h。
⑷对策:生物质能电厂发展应采取积极、稳妥和试点带动的原则,深入开展生物质能资源评价工作。向有关部门积极反映,以适当提高电价或给予适当的补贴。应在优先扶植省内企业的基础上积极和制造厂、科研单位合作,努力开发具有自主知识产权、燃料适应能力强的产品,尽量降低成本。在项目布点上适当控制核准项目间的间距。优先考虑小火电改造项目、燃料为灰秸秆的生物质能电厂及经济发展较慢、生活水平相对不高、人民收入较低、农业比重较高且处于电网末端的地区发展生物质发电。
The energy consumption of Henan Province is mainly based on coal, with the depletion of fossil energy becoming more and more serious, the constraints to the province's energy resources, structural and environment is becoming more and more prominent. Henan is mainly an agricultural province, which is rich in biomass resources, and it has both good internal and external environmental conditions in the development of biomass energy industry. With the implementation of Renewable Energy Law, Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Renewable Energy Development, the Long-term Development Plan of Renewable Energy, and the introduction of some corresponding policies, biomass power generation in our province has made much progress, but there are still some problems. In order to have a more clear understanding of biomass power generation in our province and master the present situation and existing problems, the paper identified the potential of biomass resources in our province, predict the capacity of biomass power generation, and analyse the fuel of biomass power plants, and boiler feeding system, such as the key equipment and identify the problems in the construction and operation of biomass power generation. At the same time, I put forward some measures. They are as follows:
(1) The biomass power generation installed capacity had reached 62,000 kilowatts by the end of 2007 in Henan Province. The problems are as follows: the low enthusiasm in the investment because of the low price of electricity; the high cost of the investment of New Projects; the high cost of the fuel acquisition, the difficulties in acquiring the fuel in some locations of the projects; some plants covers an quite large area; some water use are against the policies; the problems of the volume of material resources.
(2) The main crop stalks resources of this province every year is totally about 60 million tons. The Amount of the crop stalks available is 6,000,000 tons. The installed capacity which can be developed in the province is approximately 1,111,100 kilowatts. And a total of about 2,930,000 cubic meters of forestry waste can be generated across the province every year through a variety of production methods, in which about 976,000 cubic meters for electricity generation. The installed capacity of the province is about 79,500 kilowatts. The biomass in our province (straw and forestry waste) that can be developed is about 1,190,600 kilowatts.
(3) The fuel biomass fuel power plants use can be divided into mainly two categories: soft fuel and hard fuel. Fuel supply system is divided into two categories: one is the power plants which process at the village directly and the other is centralized processing station which makes the storage and transportation. Fuel pre-processing methods can be divided into the following three categories: yellow straw bale, the way of hard straw pretreatment, and the way yellow straw compaction. The research on the Price Of biomass fuel: The Price of stalk forming package cost of corn, wheat, straw, jade rice and cotton stalk are respectfully 253.06 yuan / ton, 324.52 yuan / ton, 202.39 yuan / ton and 226.60 yuan / ton. Through this analysis, we found that the quality can hardly achieve the acceptance criteria, and that the fuels are unqualified to run a direct impact on issues such as crew. Biomass power plants’feeding system are mainly made up of the storage hopper chain, distribution chain, distribution trolleys, lose weight feeder, sealed feeder lose, lose the buffer feeder, quantitative feeder, spiral crusher, door seals, fire doors, water-cooled units, as well as components such as expansion joints, with gas transmission lines, mainly boiler 75t / h, 130t / h.
(4) Methods: The development of biomass energy power plants should follow a positive, secure and promote principles and we should develop the evaluation work of biomass energy resources. We should suggest to the relevant departments to raise the power price appropriately, or give appropriate subsidies. We should first help enterprises in the province so as to develop our own intellectual property rights, and be active to cooperate with factories and the scientific research centers to produce the product with fuel adaptability, so as to reduce the costs as far as possible. The assignment of the plants should be probably controlled. When we develop the biomass power generation, We should give priority to the small thermal power projects, to the plants whose fuel is biomass power plant straw ash and to the areas where the economic development is relatively slow, the living standard is not high, the incomes of the people is low, with a higher proportion of agriculture or at the end of the power grid.
(1)2007年底河南省生物质发电装机达到6.2万KW。存在如下问题:电价偏低影响电厂投资建设的积极性;新建项目投资成本偏高;燃料收购成本高,部分项目所在地燃料收购困难;个别电厂占地偏大;水源使用不符合政策;生物质资源量有待落实等。
(2)全省每年主要农作物秸秆的资源总量约为6000万吨。秸秆可供量为600万吨。全省可开发装机容量约为111.11万KW。全省每年通过各种生产渠道共可产生约293万立方米林业废弃物。可供发电用的林业废弃物资源量约为97.6万立方米。全省可开发装机容量约为7.95万KW。我省生物质(秸秆、林业废弃物)可开发装机容量约为119.06万KW。
⑶生物质电厂采用的燃料大概可分为两大类:软类燃料和硬类燃料。燃料供应系统分为两大类:在各村就地加工直接送电厂和在各乡镇建设集中收购储运加工站方式。燃料预处理方式可分为以下三种:黄色秸秆打捆、硬秸秆预处理方式、黄色秸秆压密处理方式。对生物质燃料到厂价格进行调研:玉米秸秆成型包价格成本总计253.06元/t;小麦秸秆成型包价格成本总计324.52元/t;玉米皮成型包价格总计202.39元/t;棉秆综合成本为226.60元/t。通过对生物质燃料的调研分析,发现存在质量很难达到验收标准、燃料不合格直接影响机组运行等问题。生物质电厂给料系统主要由储料仓输送链、分配输送链、分配小车、称重输料机、密封输料机、缓冲输料机、定量给料机、螺旋破碎机、密封门、防火门、水冷套以及膨胀节等部件组成,配有燃料输送线。锅炉主要为75t/h、130t/h。
⑷对策:生物质能电厂发展应采取积极、稳妥和试点带动的原则,深入开展生物质能资源评价工作。向有关部门积极反映,以适当提高电价或给予适当的补贴。应在优先扶植省内企业的基础上积极和制造厂、科研单位合作,努力开发具有自主知识产权、燃料适应能力强的产品,尽量降低成本。在项目布点上适当控制核准项目间的间距。优先考虑小火电改造项目、燃料为灰秸秆的生物质能电厂及经济发展较慢、生活水平相对不高、人民收入较低、农业比重较高且处于电网末端的地区发展生物质发电。
The energy consumption of Henan Province is mainly based on coal, with the depletion of fossil energy becoming more and more serious, the constraints to the province's energy resources, structural and environment is becoming more and more prominent. Henan is mainly an agricultural province, which is rich in biomass resources, and it has both good internal and external environmental conditions in the development of biomass energy industry. With the implementation of Renewable Energy Law, Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Renewable Energy Development, the Long-term Development Plan of Renewable Energy, and the introduction of some corresponding policies, biomass power generation in our province has made much progress, but there are still some problems. In order to have a more clear understanding of biomass power generation in our province and master the present situation and existing problems, the paper identified the potential of biomass resources in our province, predict the capacity of biomass power generation, and analyse the fuel of biomass power plants, and boiler feeding system, such as the key equipment and identify the problems in the construction and operation of biomass power generation. At the same time, I put forward some measures. They are as follows:
(1) The biomass power generation installed capacity had reached 62,000 kilowatts by the end of 2007 in Henan Province. The problems are as follows: the low enthusiasm in the investment because of the low price of electricity; the high cost of the investment of New Projects; the high cost of the fuel acquisition, the difficulties in acquiring the fuel in some locations of the projects; some plants covers an quite large area; some water use are against the policies; the problems of the volume of material resources.
(2) The main crop stalks resources of this province every year is totally about 60 million tons. The Amount of the crop stalks available is 6,000,000 tons. The installed capacity which can be developed in the province is approximately 1,111,100 kilowatts. And a total of about 2,930,000 cubic meters of forestry waste can be generated across the province every year through a variety of production methods, in which about 976,000 cubic meters for electricity generation. The installed capacity of the province is about 79,500 kilowatts. The biomass in our province (straw and forestry waste) that can be developed is about 1,190,600 kilowatts.
(3) The fuel biomass fuel power plants use can be divided into mainly two categories: soft fuel and hard fuel. Fuel supply system is divided into two categories: one is the power plants which process at the village directly and the other is centralized processing station which makes the storage and transportation. Fuel pre-processing methods can be divided into the following three categories: yellow straw bale, the way of hard straw pretreatment, and the way yellow straw compaction. The research on the Price Of biomass fuel: The Price of stalk forming package cost of corn, wheat, straw, jade rice and cotton stalk are respectfully 253.06 yuan / ton, 324.52 yuan / ton, 202.39 yuan / ton and 226.60 yuan / ton. Through this analysis, we found that the quality can hardly achieve the acceptance criteria, and that the fuels are unqualified to run a direct impact on issues such as crew. Biomass power plants’feeding system are mainly made up of the storage hopper chain, distribution chain, distribution trolleys, lose weight feeder, sealed feeder lose, lose the buffer feeder, quantitative feeder, spiral crusher, door seals, fire doors, water-cooled units, as well as components such as expansion joints, with gas transmission lines, mainly boiler 75t / h, 130t / h.
(4) Methods: The development of biomass energy power plants should follow a positive, secure and promote principles and we should develop the evaluation work of biomass energy resources. We should suggest to the relevant departments to raise the power price appropriately, or give appropriate subsidies. We should first help enterprises in the province so as to develop our own intellectual property rights, and be active to cooperate with factories and the scientific research centers to produce the product with fuel adaptability, so as to reduce the costs as far as possible. The assignment of the plants should be probably controlled. When we develop the biomass power generation, We should give priority to the small thermal power projects, to the plants whose fuel is biomass power plant straw ash and to the areas where the economic development is relatively slow, the living standard is not high, the incomes of the people is low, with a higher proportion of agriculture or at the end of the power grid.
引文
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