网络公民新闻在我国发展的研究
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摘要
公民新闻起源于20世纪90年代美国的“公共新闻”运动。公民新闻的主要理论来源是公共领域理论、参与式民主理论和社会责任理论。公民新闻的发展经历了两个阶段。随着网络新媒体技术,以及现代通讯技术、数码技术的飞速发展,公民新闻的发展由20世纪末“媒体发动公众讨论,寻求公共问题的解决方案的模式”的阶段过渡到了21世纪初“社会公众可以不依赖传统媒体,自主发表观点、形成舆论甚至组织、进而影响媒体、影响公共事务决策”的新阶段。新一阶段公民新闻的实践也依靠着传统媒体,不过更多的是依靠网络媒体。以网络媒体为载体的公民新闻更能突显出公民新闻的平民化、参与性和互动性。因此本论文研究的正是网络公民新闻在我国的发展。公民新闻所依托的网络媒体,其中博客、公民新闻网和维客最具代表性。
笔者通过对美、韩、英三国,以及我国网络公民新闻的各案例比较分析,发现网络公民新闻在美国和韩国的发展最为成熟,其中美国网络公民新闻最突出的成就是在博客新闻和维基新闻上;韩国网络公民新闻最突出的成就是在公民新闻网站上。英国对伦敦爆炸事件的报道让我们看到了一种传统媒体与群众合作在网络媒体上进行公民新闻报道的趋势。而我国网络公民新闻的发展则处于起步阶段,在网络新闻评论上表现最佳。
我国网络公民新闻如今的现状跟网络公民新闻自身的优、劣势不无关系,不过跟我国自身的国情关系更为密切。本论文结合我国国情,即我国互联网的发展现状、我国新闻传播领域的法律法规及国家政策、我国的传统文化及公民素质这三方面,分析出网络公民新闻在我国发展的可行性和困境。最后,根据网络公民新闻自身的劣势以及我国网络公民新闻的发展困境,笔者提出对我国网络公民新闻发展的建议。
Civic journalism is originated from the“public journalism”movement occurring in America in the 1990s, and its primary theory is attributed to theories on public community, participating democracy, and social obligation. Civic journalism has experienced two stages in its developmental history, the transition of which is the result of rapid development of technology in Internet-based media, modern communication, and digital area. And such advancement has made civic journalism shift from the pattern at the end of twentieth century, in which discussions among publics are launched by the media and the solutions to public problems are achieved, to the new pattern at the beginning of twenty-first century, in which the public can express viewpoints of their own freely without having to depend on the media and thus the public opinions and even organizations are formed which are capable of affecting both behaviors of the media and strategies for public issues. In the latter pattern, the practice of civic journalism mainly relies on traditional media, but more frequently relies on the Internet-based media. Moreover, civic journalism dependent on the Internet-based media, that is, Internet-based civic journalism, compared with other types of civic journalism; preeminently embody civic journalism’s civilian, participatory, and correspondent characteristics. Accordingly, this paper is focused on the development of Internet-based civic journalism in my country China. Blogs, websites of civic journalism, and wikis are most representative among all of the media based on which civic journalism has developed.
This paper concludes that Internet-based civic journalism is more mature both in South Korea and in the U.S.A by comparing and analyzing several cases of Internet-based civic journalism in the U.S.A, South Korea, U.K, and China. The USA excels at blog news as well as wikis news; South Korea is preeminent in Website of civic journalism; The UK’s reporting of the bombing event occurring in London reflects the trend in which traditional journalism and the public collaborate based on the media of Internet to report the news; China has just been at the initial step in the field of Internet-based civic journalism, but excels at the comments on the Internet news.
I concede that the current conditions of Internet-based civic journalism in China have to do with the advantages and disadvantages of its own. However, it is more relevant with China’s special conditions. This paper, according to China’s conditions, that is, the current conditions of Internet, laws and regulations as well as the nation’s policies in the area of journalism, and the traditional culture and the overall quality of citizens, analyzes the feasibility and predicament of Internet-based civic journalism in China. In the final analysis, several suggestions about the development of Internet-based civic journalism in China are proposed in terms of its own disadvantages and predicaments of Internet-based civic journalism in China.
笔者通过对美、韩、英三国,以及我国网络公民新闻的各案例比较分析,发现网络公民新闻在美国和韩国的发展最为成熟,其中美国网络公民新闻最突出的成就是在博客新闻和维基新闻上;韩国网络公民新闻最突出的成就是在公民新闻网站上。英国对伦敦爆炸事件的报道让我们看到了一种传统媒体与群众合作在网络媒体上进行公民新闻报道的趋势。而我国网络公民新闻的发展则处于起步阶段,在网络新闻评论上表现最佳。
我国网络公民新闻如今的现状跟网络公民新闻自身的优、劣势不无关系,不过跟我国自身的国情关系更为密切。本论文结合我国国情,即我国互联网的发展现状、我国新闻传播领域的法律法规及国家政策、我国的传统文化及公民素质这三方面,分析出网络公民新闻在我国发展的可行性和困境。最后,根据网络公民新闻自身的劣势以及我国网络公民新闻的发展困境,笔者提出对我国网络公民新闻发展的建议。
Civic journalism is originated from the“public journalism”movement occurring in America in the 1990s, and its primary theory is attributed to theories on public community, participating democracy, and social obligation. Civic journalism has experienced two stages in its developmental history, the transition of which is the result of rapid development of technology in Internet-based media, modern communication, and digital area. And such advancement has made civic journalism shift from the pattern at the end of twentieth century, in which discussions among publics are launched by the media and the solutions to public problems are achieved, to the new pattern at the beginning of twenty-first century, in which the public can express viewpoints of their own freely without having to depend on the media and thus the public opinions and even organizations are formed which are capable of affecting both behaviors of the media and strategies for public issues. In the latter pattern, the practice of civic journalism mainly relies on traditional media, but more frequently relies on the Internet-based media. Moreover, civic journalism dependent on the Internet-based media, that is, Internet-based civic journalism, compared with other types of civic journalism; preeminently embody civic journalism’s civilian, participatory, and correspondent characteristics. Accordingly, this paper is focused on the development of Internet-based civic journalism in my country China. Blogs, websites of civic journalism, and wikis are most representative among all of the media based on which civic journalism has developed.
This paper concludes that Internet-based civic journalism is more mature both in South Korea and in the U.S.A by comparing and analyzing several cases of Internet-based civic journalism in the U.S.A, South Korea, U.K, and China. The USA excels at blog news as well as wikis news; South Korea is preeminent in Website of civic journalism; The UK’s reporting of the bombing event occurring in London reflects the trend in which traditional journalism and the public collaborate based on the media of Internet to report the news; China has just been at the initial step in the field of Internet-based civic journalism, but excels at the comments on the Internet news.
I concede that the current conditions of Internet-based civic journalism in China have to do with the advantages and disadvantages of its own. However, it is more relevant with China’s special conditions. This paper, according to China’s conditions, that is, the current conditions of Internet, laws and regulations as well as the nation’s policies in the area of journalism, and the traditional culture and the overall quality of citizens, analyzes the feasibility and predicament of Internet-based civic journalism in China. In the final analysis, several suggestions about the development of Internet-based civic journalism in China are proposed in terms of its own disadvantages and predicaments of Internet-based civic journalism in China.
引文
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