重庆地区“知沟”问题调查及对策研究
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摘要
作为国家统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,“知沟”是重庆新特区一个不可回避的问题,因为在当今社会,知沟已不仅仅是传播领域的不平等问题,信息获取上的差距最终造成的是财富、利益、权力的分化,甚至可能危及整个社会的民主与发展,因此,对重庆新特区的知沟问题进行研究十分必要。
全文共分为五部分:第一部分对论文的研究背景、研究目的和意义、研究思路和方法进行了阐述,第二部分对知沟理论假设的缘起、建构、修正及拓展作系统的梳理。在此基础上提出我们自已对重庆新特区知沟研究的见解。第三部分对重庆新特区的知沟进行了实证研究。第四部分针对实证研究的调查结果对如何缩小重庆新特区的知沟提出了建议。最后一部分对本文研究的不足进行了检讨,对后续研究作出了展望。
本文的创新之处有两点:一是“理论引进”,本文对知沟理论的发展,对信息沟、数字鸿沟与知沟的关系进行了系统的梳理,认为数字鸿沟是知沟在互联网时代的新的表现形式,并对当前知沟研究的成果与不足提出了自已的看法。二是对知沟理论在“本土化”的基础上进一步进行了“本地化”。因为知沟理论必竟产生于外国的社会环境中,在我国的社会环境、传播环境中是否会发生作用,特别是对于重庆这样一个大城市大农村,城乡二元结构明显的新兴直辖市,对于这样一个国家新设立的统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区是否发生作用。是一个值得思考的问题。由于本文作者学识与能力的限制,无力对知沟理论的本土化这样一个范围很大的题目进行研究。因此,我们选取了重庆新特区这样一个相对较小的范围,对重庆新特区的知沟问题进行了首次较为详细的研究。以期在重庆的实际情况下对知沟理论进行验证和考察,并为今后的研究提供进一步的方向。
As the national urban &suburb comprehensive reforming practice area,”Knowledge Gap”is a inevitable problem that the Chongqing new special zone has to face. In modern society,“Knowledge Gap”is not just limited to the inequality in mass communication. The inequality in obtaining Information will ultimately cause stratification in wealth, profit, and authority, which could put the democracy and development of the whole society in risk. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the situation of“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing new special zone.
This thesis includes five parts. The first part is the introduction of the background, aim and purpose, thought and method of this study. The second part is the systematic summarization of the origin, construction, modification and extension of the“Knowledge Gap”theory. The third part is the enprical study of the“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing.
In the fourth part, the suggestions on how to reduce the“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing was proposed according to the empirical investigation. The Shortcomings about this thesis is brought up and suggestion for the future work is given in the fifth part. Two creative points wears raised in this thesis. One is the“theory adoption”A systematic summarization of the development of“Knowledge Gap”and the interlationshiop between“Information Gap”,“Digital Division”and“Knowledge Gap”was clarified. The“digital division”was believed to be the new expression of“Knowledge Gap”in Internet time. Moreover, the personal opinion about the complishment and shortcoming of current“Knowledge Gap”study was also presented in this thesis. The second creative point is the deeper localization of“Knowledge Gap”theory in Chongqing on the basis of localization in China. The“Knowledge Gap”theory is formulated in western environment. Its application and function in the social and communication environment of China is still being investigated. Moreover, Chongqing is a new directly governed city with obvious dual structure of big urban area and big suburb area, the function of the“Knowledge Gap”theory is a question that deserves dedicated investigation. Owing to the limited knowledge and ability, the author is not capable of the investigation about the localization of the theory in whole China. Therefore, a relatively smaller area was selected and the situation of Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing was thoroughly invested. The aim is to test the application of Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing, and give some perspective for the future study.
全文共分为五部分:第一部分对论文的研究背景、研究目的和意义、研究思路和方法进行了阐述,第二部分对知沟理论假设的缘起、建构、修正及拓展作系统的梳理。在此基础上提出我们自已对重庆新特区知沟研究的见解。第三部分对重庆新特区的知沟进行了实证研究。第四部分针对实证研究的调查结果对如何缩小重庆新特区的知沟提出了建议。最后一部分对本文研究的不足进行了检讨,对后续研究作出了展望。
本文的创新之处有两点:一是“理论引进”,本文对知沟理论的发展,对信息沟、数字鸿沟与知沟的关系进行了系统的梳理,认为数字鸿沟是知沟在互联网时代的新的表现形式,并对当前知沟研究的成果与不足提出了自已的看法。二是对知沟理论在“本土化”的基础上进一步进行了“本地化”。因为知沟理论必竟产生于外国的社会环境中,在我国的社会环境、传播环境中是否会发生作用,特别是对于重庆这样一个大城市大农村,城乡二元结构明显的新兴直辖市,对于这样一个国家新设立的统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区是否发生作用。是一个值得思考的问题。由于本文作者学识与能力的限制,无力对知沟理论的本土化这样一个范围很大的题目进行研究。因此,我们选取了重庆新特区这样一个相对较小的范围,对重庆新特区的知沟问题进行了首次较为详细的研究。以期在重庆的实际情况下对知沟理论进行验证和考察,并为今后的研究提供进一步的方向。
As the national urban &suburb comprehensive reforming practice area,”Knowledge Gap”is a inevitable problem that the Chongqing new special zone has to face. In modern society,“Knowledge Gap”is not just limited to the inequality in mass communication. The inequality in obtaining Information will ultimately cause stratification in wealth, profit, and authority, which could put the democracy and development of the whole society in risk. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the situation of“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing new special zone.
This thesis includes five parts. The first part is the introduction of the background, aim and purpose, thought and method of this study. The second part is the systematic summarization of the origin, construction, modification and extension of the“Knowledge Gap”theory. The third part is the enprical study of the“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing.
In the fourth part, the suggestions on how to reduce the“Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing was proposed according to the empirical investigation. The Shortcomings about this thesis is brought up and suggestion for the future work is given in the fifth part. Two creative points wears raised in this thesis. One is the“theory adoption”A systematic summarization of the development of“Knowledge Gap”and the interlationshiop between“Information Gap”,“Digital Division”and“Knowledge Gap”was clarified. The“digital division”was believed to be the new expression of“Knowledge Gap”in Internet time. Moreover, the personal opinion about the complishment and shortcoming of current“Knowledge Gap”study was also presented in this thesis. The second creative point is the deeper localization of“Knowledge Gap”theory in Chongqing on the basis of localization in China. The“Knowledge Gap”theory is formulated in western environment. Its application and function in the social and communication environment of China is still being investigated. Moreover, Chongqing is a new directly governed city with obvious dual structure of big urban area and big suburb area, the function of the“Knowledge Gap”theory is a question that deserves dedicated investigation. Owing to the limited knowledge and ability, the author is not capable of the investigation about the localization of the theory in whole China. Therefore, a relatively smaller area was selected and the situation of Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing was thoroughly invested. The aim is to test the application of Knowledge Gap”in Chongqing, and give some perspective for the future study.
引文
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[2] Katzman,N.,The Impact Communication Technology: Promises and Prospects,Journal of Communication,Aurumn,[M]974: 47~58.
[3]祝建华,数码沟指数之操作定义和初步检验.[A]. 21世纪新闻传播研究.汕头:汕头大学出版社, 2002:203-211.
[4] (日)儿岛和人.大众传播受容理论的展开[M].东京出版社, 2000: 155.
[5]祝建华.中文传播研究之理论化与本土化:以受众及媒介效果的整合理论为例[J].新闻学研究, 2000(68): 19.
[6] G.A. Donohue,P.J.Tichenor and C.N.Olien(1973) Mass Media Functions,Knowledge and Social Control,Journalism Quartly, [M]Vol.50.2001: 58~60.
[7] Cecilie Gaxaiano,Emanuel Gaziano(1996),Theories and Mehods in Knowledge Gap research Since 1970An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research”Edited by Michael B.Salwen et.al,Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers ,1996.C.Gaziano,1997: 237~264.
[8] P.J.Tichenor,G.A.Donohue ,and C.N.Olien:Mass Media Flow and Differential Growth in Knowledge,Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.34, 1970:25~26.
[9] (美)沃纳塞·佛林等.传播理论:起源,方法与应用[M].华夏出版社, 2000.
[10] (美)J·布卢姆:美国的历程, [M].北京:商务印书馆, 1988: 594.
[11] P.J.Tichenor,G.A.Donohue,and C.N.Olien:Mass media Flow and Differential Growth inKnowledge, Public Opinion Quarterly, [M]Vol.34,No2, 1970.123~125
[12] C. N. Olien, G. A. Donohue, and P. J. Tichenor:Structure, Comminication and Social Power: Evolution ofthe Knowledge Gap Hypothesis, Mass Ccmmunication Re-view, [M]Vol.4 Sage Publications,Ins.1983. 43~58.
[13] P.J.Tichenor,G.A.Donohue,and C.N.Olien:Mass media Flow and Differential Growth inKnowledge, Public Opinion Quarterly, [M]Vol.34,No2,1970.120~121.
[14] J.S.Ettema,F.G.Kline:Deficits,Differences,and Ceilings: Contingent Conditions for Understanding the knowledge GapHypothesis,Communication Research, [M]Vol.4,No.2,April,1977: 12~15.
[15] J.S.Ettema,F.G.Kline:Deficits,Differences,and Ceilings: Contingent Conditions for Understanding the knowledge GapHypothesis,Communication Research, [M]Vol.4,No.2,April,1977: 18~21.
[16] J.S.Ettema,F.G.Kline:Deficits,Differences,and Ceilings: Contingent Conditions for Understanding the knowledge GapHypothesis,Communication Research, [M] Vol.4,No.2,April,1977: 52~58.
[17] (美)杰弗里·亚历山大.社会学二十讲:二战以来理论的发展[M].华夏出版社, 2000: 8~9.
[18] Courtright, C.& Robbin, A. (2001). Deconstructing the digital divide in the United States: Aninterpretive policy analytic perspective. Paper prepared for International Association of Mediaand Communication Research and International Communication Association "Symposium on theDigital Divide", November [C], 2001: 15-17.
[19] Katzman,N.,The Impact Communication Technology: Promises and Prospects,Journal of Communication,Aurumn,[C]1974: 47~58.
[20] Arquette, T. J. (2001). Assessing the digital divide: Empirical analysis of a meta-analytic framework for assessing the current state of information and communication system development.Unpublished draft dated on September[C] 15, 2001: 124~126.
[21]胡延平.跨越数字鸿沟——面对第二次现代化的危机和挑战[M].北京:社科文献出版社, 2002: 18.
[22] Cecilie Gaziano, Emanuel Gaziano:Theories and Methods in Knowledge Gap Research Since1970, An Inte-grated Approach to Communication Theory and Research,Edited By Michael B.Salwen et.al.,Lawrence Erlbaum As-sociates Publishers, [M]1996: 57~58.
[23] K. Viswanath, John R. Finnegan:The KnowledgeGap Hypothesis: Twenty-Five Years Later,Communicationyearbook [M] 19: 187~227.
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