SCM/TDM复合PON的研究与设计
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摘要
随着宽带应用越来越多,尤其是视频和端到端应用的兴起,人们对带宽的需求越来越强烈。人们对网络带宽的要求呈现出爆炸性的增长,在如此高的带宽需求下,传统的接入网技术将无法胜任,而PON技术的出现成为解决这一问题的关键技术。业界多年来一直认为,PON始终是下一代宽带接入网的发展方向,在条件具有的情况下,必然会迎来他的大发展。最近,由于光部件价格的大幅下降和用户对带宽需求的增长,PON已经显示出他经济上和技术上的优势。
而在PON技术中,各个国家的应用标准又各不相同,使得不同PON技术成熟程度不尽相同。对于以太网为主要承载平台的PON技术应该首推EPON和GPON,以太网无源光网络(EPON, Ethernet Passive Optical Network)作为多业务宽带接入方式具有优异的特性,目前业内普遍把EPON／GPON技术作为解决“三网融合”的接入解决方案。
EPON技术综合了PON技术和以太网技术的优点：低成本,高带宽,扩展性强,灵活快速的服务重组,与现有以太网的兼容性好,升级空间大,方便管理等等。但是EPON仅仅靠单播或组播方式很难实现大容量的视频信号的传输,难以实现系统对视频业务的扩容需求,影响全业务的接入。副载波复用技术是实现光通信宽带大容量的有效途径之一,比较热门的ROF技术就是利用副载波调制技术来传输毫米波,能够携带更多的信息。所以在本文提出一种复合PON系统-SuperPON,利用波分复用技术,将这SCM PON、EPON、GPON三种技术复合到一个结构中,利用三种不同波长的光波分别传输三种信号,承载不同的业务,有利于实现全业务接入。在复合PON中,由不同的光波承载RF信号、以太网信号,GFP信号,然后采用WDM技术耦合到同一光纤中传输,完成对三种PON的业务的传输。该方案可以满足不同的用户的不同需求,对信息保密性要求低的用户可以选择EPON接收IP信号,要求信息保密程度高的机关企业部门可以利用GPON业务。这种结构利于三网融合,且光路最简化,便于维护管理,扩容性好,便于系统升级改造。EPON技术在中国经过了长期的试点研究,技术应用已经比较成熟,所以在国内,SCM/Ethernet PON适合在国内推广,具有可行性和优越性。
不同波长的光波在同一光纤中传输时,不同光波之间会产生交叉功率干扰,特别是远距离传输时加上色散引起的脉冲展宽,两种效果叠加起来,会急剧增大信号的误码率,影响用户对业务的接收。本文针对SCM/Ethernet PON中两种不同波长的光波,利用副载波调制技术把射频信号调制到1550nm光波上,由1490nm光波承载以太网信号。仿真时,用高斯信号代表以太网信号,分析两种光波在同
光线中远距离传输时,色散和交叉功率串扰对1490nm光波上高斯信号误码率的影响。分析其中各参数与误码率的关系,利于以后对系统的改进,减小传输中的误码率提供理论依据。
最后对PON发展的未来和前景进行展望,介绍FTTH的未来发展,为以后三网融合奠定基础。
With the development of Broadband, there appears an explosive growth of people's demand of network bandwidth, but the traditional access network can't meet such high requirement. PON is proposed to be the key technology to solve this problem.
PON is regarded as the next generation broadband access by the world. Recently, due to the dramatic reduction of prices of optical components and the higher requirements of bandwidth, PON has shown its advantages in economy and technology.
The standards and the development of PONs are different in different countries. EPON and GPON are the mainly technology of transmitting Ethernet signals, among which, as multi-service broadband access, EPON has excellent characteristics. At present, EPON/GPON is regarded as an effective way to solve the " triple play".
EPON synthesizes the advantages of PON and Ethernet:low-cost, high-bandwidth, extensible, flexible and fast service restructuring, good compatibility with Ethernet, large space for upgrading, easy management and so on. However, it is hard to achieve the transmission of HD video and to upgrade the service of video by EPON, which affects the access of whole business. ROF is used to transmit millimeter wave by the technology of subcarrier, which is an effective way to solve high-capacity of bandwidth of optical communication, and this paper presents a composite PON-Super PON, which combines SCM PON, EPON, GPON by using the technology of wavelength division multiplexing, transmitting three different wavelengths of optical wave. This consequently helps to carry different businesses and satisfy the demands of different kinds of customers. Super PON is conducive for the full service access. In Compound PON, we use different optical waves to carry Ethernet signals, GFP signals and RF signals respectively, and then we couple these three optical waves to one optical fiber by the technology of WDM. This program could meet the different needs of users:The users who require low confidentiality of information can choose the service of EPON, while those enterprises which require high degree of confidentiality of information could use the GPON business. This structure is conducive for triple play, and has the following advantages:the most simplified light path, easy maintenance, expansion and upgrading easily. EPON has been applied in some areas in China for many years, the technology is relatively mature. Consequently, the promotion of SCM/Ethernet PON in China is feasible and superior.
There is cross-power crosstalk between different waves when they transmit in one optical fiber simultaneously, especially for long-distance transmission, the pulse broadening by dispersion could increase the BER of signals, and then affects the receiving of users'businesses. The paper mainly analyzes the case two different wavelengths of optical waves transmitting in SCM/Ethernet PON by modulating the RF signals on the wavelength of 1550 nm, and using the wavelength of 1490 nm to carry the Ethernet signals. When simulating, Gaussian signals are carried by the wavelength of 1490nm, and we analyze how dispersion and cross-power affect the BER of Gaussian signals when two optical waves transmit long distance in one optical fiber. It can help to improve the system and provide a theoretical basis for reducing BER by analyzing the relationship between all the parameters and BER.
At last, the paper looks into the further development of the PON, introduces the FTTH and the tripe play.
而在PON技术中,各个国家的应用标准又各不相同,使得不同PON技术成熟程度不尽相同。对于以太网为主要承载平台的PON技术应该首推EPON和GPON,以太网无源光网络(EPON, Ethernet Passive Optical Network)作为多业务宽带接入方式具有优异的特性,目前业内普遍把EPON／GPON技术作为解决“三网融合”的接入解决方案。
EPON技术综合了PON技术和以太网技术的优点：低成本,高带宽,扩展性强,灵活快速的服务重组,与现有以太网的兼容性好,升级空间大,方便管理等等。但是EPON仅仅靠单播或组播方式很难实现大容量的视频信号的传输,难以实现系统对视频业务的扩容需求,影响全业务的接入。副载波复用技术是实现光通信宽带大容量的有效途径之一,比较热门的ROF技术就是利用副载波调制技术来传输毫米波,能够携带更多的信息。所以在本文提出一种复合PON系统-SuperPON,利用波分复用技术,将这SCM PON、EPON、GPON三种技术复合到一个结构中,利用三种不同波长的光波分别传输三种信号,承载不同的业务,有利于实现全业务接入。在复合PON中,由不同的光波承载RF信号、以太网信号,GFP信号,然后采用WDM技术耦合到同一光纤中传输,完成对三种PON的业务的传输。该方案可以满足不同的用户的不同需求,对信息保密性要求低的用户可以选择EPON接收IP信号,要求信息保密程度高的机关企业部门可以利用GPON业务。这种结构利于三网融合,且光路最简化,便于维护管理,扩容性好,便于系统升级改造。EPON技术在中国经过了长期的试点研究,技术应用已经比较成熟,所以在国内,SCM/Ethernet PON适合在国内推广,具有可行性和优越性。
不同波长的光波在同一光纤中传输时,不同光波之间会产生交叉功率干扰,特别是远距离传输时加上色散引起的脉冲展宽,两种效果叠加起来,会急剧增大信号的误码率,影响用户对业务的接收。本文针对SCM/Ethernet PON中两种不同波长的光波,利用副载波调制技术把射频信号调制到1550nm光波上,由1490nm光波承载以太网信号。仿真时,用高斯信号代表以太网信号,分析两种光波在同
光线中远距离传输时,色散和交叉功率串扰对1490nm光波上高斯信号误码率的影响。分析其中各参数与误码率的关系,利于以后对系统的改进,减小传输中的误码率提供理论依据。
最后对PON发展的未来和前景进行展望,介绍FTTH的未来发展,为以后三网融合奠定基础。
With the development of Broadband, there appears an explosive growth of people's demand of network bandwidth, but the traditional access network can't meet such high requirement. PON is proposed to be the key technology to solve this problem.
PON is regarded as the next generation broadband access by the world. Recently, due to the dramatic reduction of prices of optical components and the higher requirements of bandwidth, PON has shown its advantages in economy and technology.
The standards and the development of PONs are different in different countries. EPON and GPON are the mainly technology of transmitting Ethernet signals, among which, as multi-service broadband access, EPON has excellent characteristics. At present, EPON/GPON is regarded as an effective way to solve the " triple play".
EPON synthesizes the advantages of PON and Ethernet:low-cost, high-bandwidth, extensible, flexible and fast service restructuring, good compatibility with Ethernet, large space for upgrading, easy management and so on. However, it is hard to achieve the transmission of HD video and to upgrade the service of video by EPON, which affects the access of whole business. ROF is used to transmit millimeter wave by the technology of subcarrier, which is an effective way to solve high-capacity of bandwidth of optical communication, and this paper presents a composite PON-Super PON, which combines SCM PON, EPON, GPON by using the technology of wavelength division multiplexing, transmitting three different wavelengths of optical wave. This consequently helps to carry different businesses and satisfy the demands of different kinds of customers. Super PON is conducive for the full service access. In Compound PON, we use different optical waves to carry Ethernet signals, GFP signals and RF signals respectively, and then we couple these three optical waves to one optical fiber by the technology of WDM. This program could meet the different needs of users:The users who require low confidentiality of information can choose the service of EPON, while those enterprises which require high degree of confidentiality of information could use the GPON business. This structure is conducive for triple play, and has the following advantages:the most simplified light path, easy maintenance, expansion and upgrading easily. EPON has been applied in some areas in China for many years, the technology is relatively mature. Consequently, the promotion of SCM/Ethernet PON in China is feasible and superior.
There is cross-power crosstalk between different waves when they transmit in one optical fiber simultaneously, especially for long-distance transmission, the pulse broadening by dispersion could increase the BER of signals, and then affects the receiving of users'businesses. The paper mainly analyzes the case two different wavelengths of optical waves transmitting in SCM/Ethernet PON by modulating the RF signals on the wavelength of 1550 nm, and using the wavelength of 1490 nm to carry the Ethernet signals. When simulating, Gaussian signals are carried by the wavelength of 1490nm, and we analyze how dispersion and cross-power affect the BER of Gaussian signals when two optical waves transmit long distance in one optical fiber. It can help to improve the system and provide a theoretical basis for reducing BER by analyzing the relationship between all the parameters and BER.
At last, the paper looks into the further development of the PON, introduces the FTTH and the tripe play.
引文
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2.季伟,刘琚,庄文君.HFC网络的演进[J].光通信技术,2007,12：37-38
3.贾新泽.基于FTTH的三网合一实现方案[J].山西电子技术,2006.1：13-14
4. Glen Kramer著；陈雪等译.Ethernet Passive Optical Networks[M].北京邮电大学出版社2007：3-70
5.韦乐平.FTTH的技术特征与方案选择[J].电信科学,2005(08)：1-5.
6. 原荣.宽带光接入网[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003：1-313.
7. K.S.Kim. On the evolution of PON-based FTTH solutions[J].Information Sciences, 2003,149:21-30.
8.钱宝钰,区惟,寿国础等.光接入网技术及其应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1998：1-256.
9.邹远安,寿国础.EPON几个关键技术的讨论[J].电信科学,2003,(1)：61-63
10. Biswanath Mukherjec. Optical Communication Networks[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Company,1997:23-89
11.顾畹仪,李国瑞.光纤通信系统[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,1999：1-347
12. HaiHan Lu,ChingTing Lee. Drectlymodulated CATV transmission systems using half split band and wavelength division multiplexing techniques[J]. IEEE Photon Tecnol Lett,1998,10(11):1653-1655.
13. Deming Liu,Baomin Hu,Hai Liu.Low-cost DWDM technology used for the Ethernet passive networ (EPON)[J].Conference on Active and Passive Optical Components for WDM Communications,2002:466-468
14:Ken-ichi Kitayama, Toshiaki Kuri, Hiroyuki Toda, and J.J. Vegas Olmos. Rodio over Fiber:DWDM Analog/digital Access Network and its Enabling Technologies[J].1-4244-0925-X/07/(?)25.00 (?)2007 IEEE 794-795
15.曹培炎.ROF技术在无线接入网中的应用[J].光通信技术,2005,(10)：48-49
16.张博,吕英华,张金玲,王登伟.OFDM在ROF系统中的传输性研究[J].2007／10,(28-5)：696-698
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