内蒙古住宅建筑节能的初步研究
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摘要
住宅与人的日常生活关系最为密切,人的一生几乎有一半的时间要在住宅中度过。随着生活水平的不断提高,人们在选择住宅时越来越重视住宅的内在品质,节能住宅的提出顺应了党中央提出的建设节约型社会的历史潮流,得到了社会各界的普遍认同。
内蒙古自治区正处于城镇化进程快速发展阶段,大量农民不断涌入城市,各市及旗县区的城区面积不断扩大,城镇化必然伴随着基础设施、商业建筑、住房等用房的庞大需求,城市住宅结构、家用电器等因素的影响导致城市能耗水平必然高于农村能耗水平。建筑节能空间极为广阔,但节能形式不容乐观。在内蒙古大规模的住宅建设中,要把节能工作落到实处是我们要深入讨论的问题。
内蒙古以高原为主,处于建筑热工分区中的严寒地区,寒暑变化剧烈,冬季采暖和保温是节能住宅研究的重要任务。这里晴天多,阴天少,日照时数较高,冬春季多风大,蕴藏着丰富的光热、风能资源。如多多利用太阳能和风能等内蒙古特有的资源优势可为本区住宅建筑节能贡献力量。
本文遵循可持续发展的原则,根据内蒙古的地理、气候特点,在对内蒙古住宅小区的节能现状做了调研,介绍了内蒙古住宅节能标准,例举了内蒙古节能建筑个案,浅议了内蒙古地区住宅节能的必要性和经济、社会价值。以建筑物理学为基础,对住宅区的声、光、热等建筑物理环境做了一个初步的研究。在查阅大量文献,实际调研、计算的基础上,分析了内蒙古的住宅发展状况、住宅能耗构成、住宅能耗影响因素。通过计算,实例分析了赤峰市某住宅楼能否达到内蒙古自治区节能标准50%的节能目标;实地测量了赤峰市四个住宅小区的环境噪声级,探讨了隔声对住宅节能的影响。最后,介绍可再生能源技术的应用等。
Housing and the daily lives of people most closely related to people's life and almost half of the time spent in residential. With the continuous improvement of living standards, more and more people choose to residential intrinsic importance to the quality of residential, residential energy-saving response to the proposed construction of the CPC Central Committee put forward a conservation-minded society of the historical trend has been universally recognized by al l sectors of the community.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is in the process of rapid urbanization and development stage, a continuous influx of a large number of urban farmers, cities and urban area of expanding urbanization accompanied by the inevitable infrastructure, commercial buildings, housing, such as the huge demand for space, urban residential structure, household appliances and other factors will inevitably lead to the level of urban energy consumption is higher than the level of rural energy consumption. Building energy saving in space is extremely broad, but can not be optimistic about the form of energy. Large-scale housing construction in Inner Mongolia, we should implement energy-saving work that we have to in-depth discussion.
Mainly in Inner Mongolia plateau, in the construction of district heat cold areas, dramatic changes in cold and heat, winter heating and energy-saving insulation is an important task of residential research. Sunny day here, and less cloudy, high sunshine hours, windy winter and spring, and is rich in solar thermal, wind energy resources. Effective use of solar and wind energy in Inner Mongolia and other resources specific to the area to contribute to the residential building energy saving.
This article followed the principles of sustainable development, according to Inner Mongolia's geography, climate characteristics of the energy-saving residential district of Inner Mongolia the status quo to do an in-depth research on the Inner Mongolia residential energy efficiency standards, energy-saving buildings examples of cases in Inner Mongolia, the Inner Mongolia region of the residential the need for energy conservation and economic, social value. Physics-based construction of a residential area of sound, light, heat and other physical environment of the construction has made a preliminary study. On checking a large number of documents, the actual research, calculated on the basis of an analysis of the residential development in Inner Mongolia, residential energy consumption consists of domestic energy consumption factor. By calculating, a case study of a residential building in Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to achieve 50 percent energy efficiency standards for energy-saving goals; field measured Chifeng four residential quarters of the environmental noise level of noise impact on residential energy conservation。Finally, introduction of renewable energy technology applications.
内蒙古自治区正处于城镇化进程快速发展阶段,大量农民不断涌入城市,各市及旗县区的城区面积不断扩大,城镇化必然伴随着基础设施、商业建筑、住房等用房的庞大需求,城市住宅结构、家用电器等因素的影响导致城市能耗水平必然高于农村能耗水平。建筑节能空间极为广阔,但节能形式不容乐观。在内蒙古大规模的住宅建设中,要把节能工作落到实处是我们要深入讨论的问题。
内蒙古以高原为主,处于建筑热工分区中的严寒地区,寒暑变化剧烈,冬季采暖和保温是节能住宅研究的重要任务。这里晴天多,阴天少,日照时数较高,冬春季多风大,蕴藏着丰富的光热、风能资源。如多多利用太阳能和风能等内蒙古特有的资源优势可为本区住宅建筑节能贡献力量。
本文遵循可持续发展的原则,根据内蒙古的地理、气候特点,在对内蒙古住宅小区的节能现状做了调研,介绍了内蒙古住宅节能标准,例举了内蒙古节能建筑个案,浅议了内蒙古地区住宅节能的必要性和经济、社会价值。以建筑物理学为基础,对住宅区的声、光、热等建筑物理环境做了一个初步的研究。在查阅大量文献,实际调研、计算的基础上,分析了内蒙古的住宅发展状况、住宅能耗构成、住宅能耗影响因素。通过计算,实例分析了赤峰市某住宅楼能否达到内蒙古自治区节能标准50%的节能目标;实地测量了赤峰市四个住宅小区的环境噪声级,探讨了隔声对住宅节能的影响。最后,介绍可再生能源技术的应用等。
Housing and the daily lives of people most closely related to people's life and almost half of the time spent in residential. With the continuous improvement of living standards, more and more people choose to residential intrinsic importance to the quality of residential, residential energy-saving response to the proposed construction of the CPC Central Committee put forward a conservation-minded society of the historical trend has been universally recognized by al l sectors of the community.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is in the process of rapid urbanization and development stage, a continuous influx of a large number of urban farmers, cities and urban area of expanding urbanization accompanied by the inevitable infrastructure, commercial buildings, housing, such as the huge demand for space, urban residential structure, household appliances and other factors will inevitably lead to the level of urban energy consumption is higher than the level of rural energy consumption. Building energy saving in space is extremely broad, but can not be optimistic about the form of energy. Large-scale housing construction in Inner Mongolia, we should implement energy-saving work that we have to in-depth discussion.
Mainly in Inner Mongolia plateau, in the construction of district heat cold areas, dramatic changes in cold and heat, winter heating and energy-saving insulation is an important task of residential research. Sunny day here, and less cloudy, high sunshine hours, windy winter and spring, and is rich in solar thermal, wind energy resources. Effective use of solar and wind energy in Inner Mongolia and other resources specific to the area to contribute to the residential building energy saving.
This article followed the principles of sustainable development, according to Inner Mongolia's geography, climate characteristics of the energy-saving residential district of Inner Mongolia the status quo to do an in-depth research on the Inner Mongolia residential energy efficiency standards, energy-saving buildings examples of cases in Inner Mongolia, the Inner Mongolia region of the residential the need for energy conservation and economic, social value. Physics-based construction of a residential area of sound, light, heat and other physical environment of the construction has made a preliminary study. On checking a large number of documents, the actual research, calculated on the basis of an analysis of the residential development in Inner Mongolia, residential energy consumption consists of domestic energy consumption factor. By calculating, a case study of a residential building in Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to achieve 50 percent energy efficiency standards for energy-saving goals; field measured Chifeng four residential quarters of the environmental noise level of noise impact on residential energy conservation。Finally, introduction of renewable energy technology applications.
引文
[1]http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20070718/14373797112.shtml
[2]张志莹推广节能住宅是落实科学发展观的重要举措中国房地信息[J].2005,04 :12-14.
[3]http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2008-09/07/content_9823830.htm
[4]谭庆琏.建设节能住宅,构建节约型社会[R].北京:中国土木工程学会住宅工程指导工作委员会,2005.
[5]陈中.节能住宅的研究与实践.当代建设[J].2003,02:49.
[6]柳孝图.建筑物理. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2002
[7]DB15/T259-1997,《内蒙古民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区建设厅
[8]刘飞.生态节能住宅设计理念及案例分析.城市建筑[J].2008,01:28-29.
[9]李俊峰,高虎,王仲颖等. 2008中国风电发展报告.中国投资[J]. 2008,12.
[10]屈广臣基于吸收式循环供热技术实验工程通过鉴定内蒙古时报2009-03-22(2)内蒙古自治区技术监督局,1997.
[11]王立雄.建筑节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2004:4
[12]江忆,林波荣,曾剑龙等.住宅节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2006
[13]关于对《内蒙古民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》DB15/T259-1997的修改意见[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区建设厅
[14]赵健建筑节能工程设计手册[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005
[15]刘辉建筑物理环境与健康住宅小城镇建设[J].2003,12:40-41
[16]刘加平建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2000
[17]http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/hyyj/20080728/13535138693.shtml
[18]赵祥,成斌住宅声环境设计措施探析住宅科技[J].2007,10
[19]林杰,陈道常,阎国军.改善我国住宅声环境建筑学报[J]. 2004,4:70-72
[20]李振格李振霞.城市住宅声环境污染及控制措施新建筑[J].2001,2:71-72
[21]刘卫东周珊.建筑围护结构外墙保温隔热性能的节能探讨铁道建筑2007,5:103-105
[22]《实用建筑节能设计》、《外墙外保温建筑构造(一)》(02J121-1)
[23]杨西伟建筑外围护结构节能技术发展2007中国建筑节能年度论坛148-150
[24]林海燕钱美丽刘月莉周辉小城镇围护结构节能集成技术研究建设科技[J].2006,13:40-41
[25]王振惠王连栋寒冷地区住宅围护结构的节能设计房材与应用2006,4:15-17
[26]王龙浅谈建筑围护结构保温与节能改造科技资讯2006,33:47
[27]杜先智建筑物理环境的形成与发展现代物理知识1997,2:2-4
[28]杨洁绿色住宅建筑物理环境的要求及技术措施科技情报开发与科技2005,8:147-148
[29]王丽滨现代建筑的自然通风黑龙江科技信息2008,06:240
[30]王昱对于建筑整体设计与环境的探讨建材与装饰2008,4: 60-62
[31]赵莉马全明交通噪声与住宅声环境南方建筑2006,2:71-73
[32]谢浩优化建筑物理环境满足人们生理要求南方工人2001,5:40-41
[33]杨晓群可持续发展与居住环境广西工学院学报2002,1: 71-74
[34]刘辉建筑物理环境与健康住宅小城镇建设2003,12: 40-41
[35]郝天明《北方地区建筑节能设计》《新疆农科经济》2005
[36]李雅美《浅析建筑节能技术措施》《常州工学院学报》20058
[37]冯雅杨红《建设部建筑节能“十五”计划纲要》北京:中国建筑工业出版社2002
[38]贾均浩《住宅建筑的节能技术的应用》《沿海企业与科技》2005
[39]涂逢祥《外墙外保温大发展的历史机遇》黄振利《外墙保温应用技术》北京:中国建筑工业出版社2005 3
[40]Selkowitz.S.Overviews of Daylighting Research Activities.Proceeding of China—North America Daylighting Conference.Nov.1988
[41]ASHRAE Handbook.1985.1985 Fundamentals.ASHRAE.New York
[42]LinZhiQun Housing Development over The Last years.International Symposium on Asian Cities and Architecture in Transition. Beijing. China.Nov.1989
[43]Bourdeau.Luc.Energy Conservation in French Buildings—The 1989 Standards.Seminaire CIB—W67.Energy conservation by improving buildings envelopes and HVAC equipment in buildings.Technical.economical and environmental considerations.Vienne 3—4 October 1988
[2]张志莹推广节能住宅是落实科学发展观的重要举措中国房地信息[J].2005,04 :12-14.
[3]http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2008-09/07/content_9823830.htm
[4]谭庆琏.建设节能住宅,构建节约型社会[R].北京:中国土木工程学会住宅工程指导工作委员会,2005.
[5]陈中.节能住宅的研究与实践.当代建设[J].2003,02:49.
[6]柳孝图.建筑物理. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2002
[7]DB15/T259-1997,《内蒙古民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区建设厅
[8]刘飞.生态节能住宅设计理念及案例分析.城市建筑[J].2008,01:28-29.
[9]李俊峰,高虎,王仲颖等. 2008中国风电发展报告.中国投资[J]. 2008,12.
[10]屈广臣基于吸收式循环供热技术实验工程通过鉴定内蒙古时报2009-03-22(2)内蒙古自治区技术监督局,1997.
[11]王立雄.建筑节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2004:4
[12]江忆,林波荣,曾剑龙等.住宅节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2006
[13]关于对《内蒙古民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》DB15/T259-1997的修改意见[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区建设厅
[14]赵健建筑节能工程设计手册[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005
[15]刘辉建筑物理环境与健康住宅小城镇建设[J].2003,12:40-41
[16]刘加平建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2000
[17]http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/hyyj/20080728/13535138693.shtml
[18]赵祥,成斌住宅声环境设计措施探析住宅科技[J].2007,10
[19]林杰,陈道常,阎国军.改善我国住宅声环境建筑学报[J]. 2004,4:70-72
[20]李振格李振霞.城市住宅声环境污染及控制措施新建筑[J].2001,2:71-72
[21]刘卫东周珊.建筑围护结构外墙保温隔热性能的节能探讨铁道建筑2007,5:103-105
[22]《实用建筑节能设计》、《外墙外保温建筑构造(一)》(02J121-1)
[23]杨西伟建筑外围护结构节能技术发展2007中国建筑节能年度论坛148-150
[24]林海燕钱美丽刘月莉周辉小城镇围护结构节能集成技术研究建设科技[J].2006,13:40-41
[25]王振惠王连栋寒冷地区住宅围护结构的节能设计房材与应用2006,4:15-17
[26]王龙浅谈建筑围护结构保温与节能改造科技资讯2006,33:47
[27]杜先智建筑物理环境的形成与发展现代物理知识1997,2:2-4
[28]杨洁绿色住宅建筑物理环境的要求及技术措施科技情报开发与科技2005,8:147-148
[29]王丽滨现代建筑的自然通风黑龙江科技信息2008,06:240
[30]王昱对于建筑整体设计与环境的探讨建材与装饰2008,4: 60-62
[31]赵莉马全明交通噪声与住宅声环境南方建筑2006,2:71-73
[32]谢浩优化建筑物理环境满足人们生理要求南方工人2001,5:40-41
[33]杨晓群可持续发展与居住环境广西工学院学报2002,1: 71-74
[34]刘辉建筑物理环境与健康住宅小城镇建设2003,12: 40-41
[35]郝天明《北方地区建筑节能设计》《新疆农科经济》2005
[36]李雅美《浅析建筑节能技术措施》《常州工学院学报》20058
[37]冯雅杨红《建设部建筑节能“十五”计划纲要》北京:中国建筑工业出版社2002
[38]贾均浩《住宅建筑的节能技术的应用》《沿海企业与科技》2005
[39]涂逢祥《外墙外保温大发展的历史机遇》黄振利《外墙保温应用技术》北京:中国建筑工业出版社2005 3
[40]Selkowitz.S.Overviews of Daylighting Research Activities.Proceeding of China—North America Daylighting Conference.Nov.1988
[41]ASHRAE Handbook.1985.1985 Fundamentals.ASHRAE.New York
[42]LinZhiQun Housing Development over The Last years.International Symposium on Asian Cities and Architecture in Transition. Beijing. China.Nov.1989
[43]Bourdeau.Luc.Energy Conservation in French Buildings—The 1989 Standards.Seminaire CIB—W67.Energy conservation by improving buildings envelopes and HVAC equipment in buildings.Technical.economical and environmental considerations.Vienne 3—4 October 1988
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