重庆市公共建筑空调运行现状调研及节能运行控制
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摘要
公共建筑能耗问题一直以来都是关注的重点和热点,国内外学者对空调系统能耗的研究开展了诸多工作。空调系统的节能可以从多方面着手,如在过渡季节进行全新风模式运行是充分利用自然资源的有效手段。用户的用能习惯、空调温度的设定、开窗等习惯对空调能耗都有影响。
本文首先通过问卷和访谈的形式,针对新风系统阀门形式、阀门调节与否,空调系统是否存在单独运行新风的时间段来改善室内的热湿环境等问题,展开了对重庆市公共建筑新风运行管理的调研。
为了研究过渡季节空调系统全新风模式运行的能耗情况和对改善室内热湿环境的作用,本文通过搭建试验台展开了实验测试,采用自然工况、机械通风工况以及开启空调三种工况进行了对比试验,运用功率表对系统耗功进行检测和对比;采用PMV/PPD对室内热湿环境进行评价,结果发现,机械通风对改善室内热湿环境效果显著,使得室内热舒适的不满率明显下降,并且能源的消耗远远低于空调控制方式。
采用实测的方法,对空调不同设定温度下的能耗进行了测试分析,发现夏季空调设定温度越低和冬季空调设定温度越高能耗越大,但不代表创造的室内热湿环境令人满意度就越高。运用线性回归的方法发现,空调设定温度与电能消耗呈一元线性关系,且显著相关。
针对空调运行期间,人们希望开启外窗获得室外新鲜空气的习惯,本人运用对比测试的方法,发现开窗带来的新风能耗巨大,从而使得空调电能的消耗也随之剧增。
运用焓值作为判断依据结合自动控制,提出了新风控制策略。在考虑室内空气质量的情况下,结合相关文献,计算稀释CO2所需的新风量,结合自动控制,提出了满足室内空气质量的新风策略。
在能源消耗日益紧张的今天,重庆地区空调系统应充分利用自然资源,相关部门应加强节能宣传,培养人们的节能意识,推进节能工作的进展。
Public building energy consumption problem has always been the focus of attention and hot spots. The scholars at home and abroad study a lot about air-conditioning system energy consumption. Energy-saving in air-conditioning system can be carried out from different areas, such as: fresh air mode is an effective way to make full use of natural resources during the transitional seasons. The user's energy-using habits, air-conditioning temperature settings, windows and other habits have an impact on air conditioning energy consumption.
In this paper, through the form of questionnaires and interviews, for the form of air system valves, valve adjustment or not, whether there is a separate air-conditioning systems running the fresh air to improve the indoor heat and moisture environmental issues. Carry through the research of fresh air’s operation and management of public buildings in Chongqing.
To study the effect of outdoor fresh air which improves the indoor heat and moisture environment during transition season, this paper carried out through the built test-bed experimental test, there are natural conditions, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning conditions, as well as three kinds of test conditions were compared, using power meter system testing and comparing the power consumption; and evaluated by PMV / PPD on the indoor thermal environment. Then find that mechanical ventilation improve indoor heat and moisture environmental significantly, making indoor thermal comfort dissatisfaction drop significantly, and energy consumption is also far lower than the air-conditioning conditons.
Measurements are used in air-conditioning energy consumption under different temperature settings, and found that the greater the air conditioner temperature set much low energy consumption, but does not mean it gives the more comfortable indoor thermal environment. Use linear regression analysis and find out a linear relationship between energy consumption and air-conditioning setting temperature, and significantly correlated.
During the air-conditioning operation, people hope to open windows to get fresh air outside. I use the comparison tests and find that windows bring a huge fresh air energy, as a result, making air-conditioning power consumption increased sharply.
Enthalpy value as the basis, and combine the automatic control, the fresh air control strategies are proposed. Consider the indoor air quality, combine with related literature to calculate the volume of outdoor air needed to dilute the CO2, combine with automatic control, and propose the fresh air strategy to meet the indoor air quality.
Nowadays the energy consumption increase sharply, air-conditioning system should make full use of natural resources in Chongqing area. Relevant departments should propagandize energy-saving to publicity intensify, cultivate people's awareness of energy conservation and promote energy conservation progress.
本文首先通过问卷和访谈的形式,针对新风系统阀门形式、阀门调节与否,空调系统是否存在单独运行新风的时间段来改善室内的热湿环境等问题,展开了对重庆市公共建筑新风运行管理的调研。
为了研究过渡季节空调系统全新风模式运行的能耗情况和对改善室内热湿环境的作用,本文通过搭建试验台展开了实验测试,采用自然工况、机械通风工况以及开启空调三种工况进行了对比试验,运用功率表对系统耗功进行检测和对比;采用PMV/PPD对室内热湿环境进行评价,结果发现,机械通风对改善室内热湿环境效果显著,使得室内热舒适的不满率明显下降,并且能源的消耗远远低于空调控制方式。
采用实测的方法,对空调不同设定温度下的能耗进行了测试分析,发现夏季空调设定温度越低和冬季空调设定温度越高能耗越大,但不代表创造的室内热湿环境令人满意度就越高。运用线性回归的方法发现,空调设定温度与电能消耗呈一元线性关系,且显著相关。
针对空调运行期间,人们希望开启外窗获得室外新鲜空气的习惯,本人运用对比测试的方法,发现开窗带来的新风能耗巨大,从而使得空调电能的消耗也随之剧增。
运用焓值作为判断依据结合自动控制,提出了新风控制策略。在考虑室内空气质量的情况下,结合相关文献,计算稀释CO2所需的新风量,结合自动控制,提出了满足室内空气质量的新风策略。
在能源消耗日益紧张的今天,重庆地区空调系统应充分利用自然资源,相关部门应加强节能宣传,培养人们的节能意识,推进节能工作的进展。
Public building energy consumption problem has always been the focus of attention and hot spots. The scholars at home and abroad study a lot about air-conditioning system energy consumption. Energy-saving in air-conditioning system can be carried out from different areas, such as: fresh air mode is an effective way to make full use of natural resources during the transitional seasons. The user's energy-using habits, air-conditioning temperature settings, windows and other habits have an impact on air conditioning energy consumption.
In this paper, through the form of questionnaires and interviews, for the form of air system valves, valve adjustment or not, whether there is a separate air-conditioning systems running the fresh air to improve the indoor heat and moisture environmental issues. Carry through the research of fresh air’s operation and management of public buildings in Chongqing.
To study the effect of outdoor fresh air which improves the indoor heat and moisture environment during transition season, this paper carried out through the built test-bed experimental test, there are natural conditions, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning conditions, as well as three kinds of test conditions were compared, using power meter system testing and comparing the power consumption; and evaluated by PMV / PPD on the indoor thermal environment. Then find that mechanical ventilation improve indoor heat and moisture environmental significantly, making indoor thermal comfort dissatisfaction drop significantly, and energy consumption is also far lower than the air-conditioning conditons.
Measurements are used in air-conditioning energy consumption under different temperature settings, and found that the greater the air conditioner temperature set much low energy consumption, but does not mean it gives the more comfortable indoor thermal environment. Use linear regression analysis and find out a linear relationship between energy consumption and air-conditioning setting temperature, and significantly correlated.
During the air-conditioning operation, people hope to open windows to get fresh air outside. I use the comparison tests and find that windows bring a huge fresh air energy, as a result, making air-conditioning power consumption increased sharply.
Enthalpy value as the basis, and combine the automatic control, the fresh air control strategies are proposed. Consider the indoor air quality, combine with related literature to calculate the volume of outdoor air needed to dilute the CO2, combine with automatic control, and propose the fresh air strategy to meet the indoor air quality.
Nowadays the energy consumption increase sharply, air-conditioning system should make full use of natural resources in Chongqing area. Relevant departments should propagandize energy-saving to publicity intensify, cultivate people's awareness of energy conservation and promote energy conservation progress.
引文
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