中华通草蛉滞育发育中的生殖生物学研究
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摘要
中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica(Tjeder)是蚜虫、叶螨、鳞翅目卵及低龄幼虫等多种农林害虫的重要天敌,是害虫生物防治中极具应用价值的一种天敌昆虫。该虫以成虫进行兼性滞育越冬,本文首次较系统地研究了温度、光周期和营养对中华通草蛉滞育发育中生殖生物学的影响。研究结果如下:
1不同越冬时期对中华通草蛉成虫生殖的影响
在实验条件下(15L-9 D,RH=60%~70%,T=22℃),对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期的生殖力研究结果表明,越冬成虫的产卵前期从11月到4月呈先上升后下降的趋势。在1月成虫处于滞育维持阶段,此时成虫的滞育程度最深,产卵前期最长,之后成虫进入滞育后的静息期,产卵前期逐渐缩短,到4月份时产卵前期最短,成虫此时己解除滞育。2月份成虫的产卵量最高,显著高于11、12、1、3月份成虫的产卵量,但不显著高于4月成虫。
2温度对中华通草蛉滞育发育中成虫生殖的影响
温度对中华通草蛉滞育发育成虫生殖的影响研究结果表明,中华通草蛉在高温下滞育解除较快,而在低温下解除较慢,高温对成虫滞育的解除有明显的促进作用。滞育结束后,温度是调节中华通草蛉生长发育的主要因素,在不同的越冬时期,自然越冬种群的中华通草蛉成虫在光周期15L-9D下、温度对解除滞育后的产卵前期、历期、和寿命、单雌产卵量均有显著影响:成虫产卵前期、雌、雄虫寿命、产卵历期随温度降低而延长;温度对总产卵量有显著影响,在22℃下的成虫产卵量最高。中华通草蛉成虫产卵历期与其产卵量的相关关系分析,表明其产卵量与产卵历期呈显著性正相关。
3光周期对不同越冬时期中华通草蛉生殖的影响
不同越冬时期中华通草蛉成虫在22℃和15L-9D、13.5L-10.5D、12L-12D下的研究结果表明,光周期对产卵历期、和雌虫寿命均没有显著影响,对产卵前期、总产卵量有显著影响,其中在15L-9D下的成虫的产卵量最高。
4营养对中华通草蛉滞育发育中成虫生殖的影响
营养对中华通草蛉越冬滞育成虫生殖的影响表明,在越冬过程中饥饿明显降低其存活率、单雌产卵量,长时间饥饿会延长产卵前期。饥饿后再恢复饲喂对存活成虫寿命和产卵历期无显著影响,经过较长时间饥饿成虫在3月份前给予饲喂对其产卵前期影响不大,但会明显降低成虫的产卵量。
对实验种群滞育成虫在只喂水时存活时间很短,表明在滞育中其存活也要消耗能量,其中的糖类物质是重要的能量物质。其中的蛋白质类物质是生殖发育所必须的。
The green lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), is an important natural enemy attacking agricultural and forestry pests like aphids, mites and eggs, young larvae of lepidopterous insects, and a good biological control agent. This species overwinters as diapausing adults. This paper mainly dealt in details with the effect of temperature and photoperiods and nutrition on the fecundity of C. sinica in different diapausing periods. The main results were summarized as follows.
1 The effect of wintering periods on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) in the different diapausing periods.
The reproductive biology of C. sinica adults in different overwintering periods were assessed under constant condition(s15L-9 D,RH=60~70%,T=22℃). The results showed that the trend of pre-oviposition period of adults increased from Nov to April, and decreased from Jun to April. The adults remained in maintenance phase in Jun, and the diapsuse intensity was the deepest, therefore the pre-oviposition was the longest. The pre-oviposition period of adults was the shortest in April, indicating the diapause has terminated. Egg production per female adults in Feb was significantly more than that of adults in Nov、Dec、Jun and March, but not than that of adults in April.
The regression analysis showed that there was remarkably correlation between the pre-oviposition periods and the egg production (P<0.05), indicating that the relation between them was positive.
2 The effect of temperature on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in the different diapausing periods
The reproductive biology of overwintering adults of C. sinica, was measured in Nov,Jan and Mar at three constant temperature 18,22 and28℃. The results indicated that the higher the temperature, the ealier the diapause terminated, and that the pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period and the longevity decrease in the female adults as the temperature increase. When the diapause terminated, temperature is the most important factor regulated the development of the C. sinica. Temperature and overvintering period also have remarkable effects on the reproductive capacity of green lacewing ,The fecundity were the highest when the temperature was 22℃and the lowest was 18℃.
3 The effect of photoperiod on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in the different diapausing periods.
The reproductive biology of C. sinica adults in different overwintering periods were assessed at 22℃under three photoperiod 15L-9D、13.5L﹣10.5D and 12L-12L. The results indicated that photoperiod had no obvious effect on the oviposition period and the the longevity of female adults, but had obvious effects on pre-ovipositon and the egg production. Egg production of the adults under 15L-9D is much higher that of egg production under 13.5L﹣10.5D and 12L-12L. Therefore the most favorable photoperiod is around 15L-9D.
4 The effect of nutrition on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) in the different diapausing periods.
The results indicated that the starvation can reduce the survival rate of the overwintering adult significantly, the pre-oviposition period prolonged and the egg production reduce if starvation for longer period. It had no significant effect on the longevity of female adults and oviposition period if the starvation was followed by feeding, the pre-oviposition period would not be affected significantly if the adults were provided with food, though the egg production was affected.
The experimental diapausing adults expired if they were provided pure water only after their emergence, indicating that energy is needed during the diapausing period, sugar is an important energy material, and protein is one of the materials for the development of the reproductive system..
1不同越冬时期对中华通草蛉成虫生殖的影响
在实验条件下(15L-9 D,RH=60%~70%,T=22℃),对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期的生殖力研究结果表明,越冬成虫的产卵前期从11月到4月呈先上升后下降的趋势。在1月成虫处于滞育维持阶段,此时成虫的滞育程度最深,产卵前期最长,之后成虫进入滞育后的静息期,产卵前期逐渐缩短,到4月份时产卵前期最短,成虫此时己解除滞育。2月份成虫的产卵量最高,显著高于11、12、1、3月份成虫的产卵量,但不显著高于4月成虫。
2温度对中华通草蛉滞育发育中成虫生殖的影响
温度对中华通草蛉滞育发育成虫生殖的影响研究结果表明,中华通草蛉在高温下滞育解除较快,而在低温下解除较慢,高温对成虫滞育的解除有明显的促进作用。滞育结束后,温度是调节中华通草蛉生长发育的主要因素,在不同的越冬时期,自然越冬种群的中华通草蛉成虫在光周期15L-9D下、温度对解除滞育后的产卵前期、历期、和寿命、单雌产卵量均有显著影响:成虫产卵前期、雌、雄虫寿命、产卵历期随温度降低而延长;温度对总产卵量有显著影响,在22℃下的成虫产卵量最高。中华通草蛉成虫产卵历期与其产卵量的相关关系分析,表明其产卵量与产卵历期呈显著性正相关。
3光周期对不同越冬时期中华通草蛉生殖的影响
不同越冬时期中华通草蛉成虫在22℃和15L-9D、13.5L-10.5D、12L-12D下的研究结果表明,光周期对产卵历期、和雌虫寿命均没有显著影响,对产卵前期、总产卵量有显著影响,其中在15L-9D下的成虫的产卵量最高。
4营养对中华通草蛉滞育发育中成虫生殖的影响
营养对中华通草蛉越冬滞育成虫生殖的影响表明,在越冬过程中饥饿明显降低其存活率、单雌产卵量,长时间饥饿会延长产卵前期。饥饿后再恢复饲喂对存活成虫寿命和产卵历期无显著影响,经过较长时间饥饿成虫在3月份前给予饲喂对其产卵前期影响不大,但会明显降低成虫的产卵量。
对实验种群滞育成虫在只喂水时存活时间很短,表明在滞育中其存活也要消耗能量,其中的糖类物质是重要的能量物质。其中的蛋白质类物质是生殖发育所必须的。
The green lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), is an important natural enemy attacking agricultural and forestry pests like aphids, mites and eggs, young larvae of lepidopterous insects, and a good biological control agent. This species overwinters as diapausing adults. This paper mainly dealt in details with the effect of temperature and photoperiods and nutrition on the fecundity of C. sinica in different diapausing periods. The main results were summarized as follows.
1 The effect of wintering periods on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) in the different diapausing periods.
The reproductive biology of C. sinica adults in different overwintering periods were assessed under constant condition(s15L-9 D,RH=60~70%,T=22℃). The results showed that the trend of pre-oviposition period of adults increased from Nov to April, and decreased from Jun to April. The adults remained in maintenance phase in Jun, and the diapsuse intensity was the deepest, therefore the pre-oviposition was the longest. The pre-oviposition period of adults was the shortest in April, indicating the diapause has terminated. Egg production per female adults in Feb was significantly more than that of adults in Nov、Dec、Jun and March, but not than that of adults in April.
The regression analysis showed that there was remarkably correlation between the pre-oviposition periods and the egg production (P<0.05), indicating that the relation between them was positive.
2 The effect of temperature on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in the different diapausing periods
The reproductive biology of overwintering adults of C. sinica, was measured in Nov,Jan and Mar at three constant temperature 18,22 and28℃. The results indicated that the higher the temperature, the ealier the diapause terminated, and that the pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period and the longevity decrease in the female adults as the temperature increase. When the diapause terminated, temperature is the most important factor regulated the development of the C. sinica. Temperature and overvintering period also have remarkable effects on the reproductive capacity of green lacewing ,The fecundity were the highest when the temperature was 22℃and the lowest was 18℃.
3 The effect of photoperiod on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in the different diapausing periods.
The reproductive biology of C. sinica adults in different overwintering periods were assessed at 22℃under three photoperiod 15L-9D、13.5L﹣10.5D and 12L-12L. The results indicated that photoperiod had no obvious effect on the oviposition period and the the longevity of female adults, but had obvious effects on pre-ovipositon and the egg production. Egg production of the adults under 15L-9D is much higher that of egg production under 13.5L﹣10.5D and 12L-12L. Therefore the most favorable photoperiod is around 15L-9D.
4 The effect of nutrition on the reproductive biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) in the different diapausing periods.
The results indicated that the starvation can reduce the survival rate of the overwintering adult significantly, the pre-oviposition period prolonged and the egg production reduce if starvation for longer period. It had no significant effect on the longevity of female adults and oviposition period if the starvation was followed by feeding, the pre-oviposition period would not be affected significantly if the adults were provided with food, though the egg production was affected.
The experimental diapausing adults expired if they were provided pure water only after their emergence, indicating that energy is needed during the diapausing period, sugar is an important energy material, and protein is one of the materials for the development of the reproductive system..
引文
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