LaNbO_4对NiO/YSZ陶瓷断裂韧性和离子导电性能的影响
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摘要
在多种不同结构设计的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中,阳极支撑平板式SOFC代表着今后发展的重要方向。最常用的阳极支撑体材料是Ni/YSZ(Y2O3稳定的ZrO2)金属陶瓷,由室温的NiO/YSZ陶瓷复合材料在高温下还原而得。多孔NiO/YSZ支撑体在室温下韧性不足,难以承受电堆装配中所需要施加的压力,往往导致单电池破裂。本文的研究目的是在不改变阳极支撑体电子导电性的条件下,通过第三相材料复合,提高NiO/YSZ复合材料的断裂韧性(KⅠC),为实现超薄SOFC创造条件。
稀土正铌酸盐LaNbO4在室温下是铁弹性的单斜相,具有特殊的畴结构,在外应力的作用下能发生畴位向变换,应力消失后,畴恢复到原有取向。这一机制有可能增韧陶瓷。因此,本文研究选用LaNbO4作为增韧NiO/YSZ的第三相材料。主要的研究内容包括:
1) LaNbO4粉末材料的制备与表征;
2) NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4复合材料力学性能;
3) NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4复合材料中的相变及其对导电性能影响。
研究结果表明,化学共沉淀法制备LaNbO4的关键是控制溶液的pH值,保持在9~10之间,才能得到较纯净的尺寸在1~1.5μm的LaNbO4晶粒。LaNbO4的加入导致部分立方相YSZ发生相变,生成单斜相ZrO2。NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷材料的KⅠC随LaNbO4的加入量变化:当LaNbO4含量在0~10%wt之间, NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷KⅠC连续下降;进一步增加LaNbO4含量,则导致NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷的KⅠC上升。脆性相单斜ZrO2的生成是降低NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷断裂韧性的原因,其对断裂韧性的破坏作用逐步被LaNbO4的增韧作用抵消。当LaNbO4含量大于10%wt,LaNbO4的增韧作用在复合材料中占主导地位。部分单斜相的生成使得YSZ的离子导电率下降。
The anode-support planar SOFC is an important developing direction in SOFC. The Ni/YSZ cermet is the most used as anode, which is achieved via the NiO/YSZ cermet at room temperature after reduction at high temperature.The toughness of the porous NiO/YSZ cermet is not enough to bear the pressure brought in the assembly of SOFCs. The breakage of the NiO/YSZ cermet is one of the important invalidation in SOFCs. The aim of the paper is to improve the toughness the NiO/YSZ cermet by addition of the thire stuff without influencing the electronic conductivity, and to create qualification for the super thin SOFC.
Lanthanum orthoniobate (LaNbO4), is a ferroelastic phase of monoclinic structure at room temperature, is heavily domained in two orientations. Under an external stress, the domains switch. Upon removal of external stress, the domains switch backward. It is expected that such a phase may be used to toughen ceramics. In this paper, LaNbO4 has been used as the third phase to enhance the toughness of cermet. The main content includes the following:
1) Synthesis and characterization of the LaNbO4 power
2) The mechanical properties of NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composite
3) The phase transformation and its influence on the electrical donductivity of the NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composite
The decisive step in chemical precipitation of LaNbO4 preparation is to adjust the pH value of the solvent into 9~10, by which purified LaNbO4 crystal with 1~1.5μm particle size was prepared. The LaNbO4-addition results in the phase transformation of ZrO2 from cubic to monoclinic in YSZ. The KIC of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet varies with the fraction of LaNbO4 in NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composition: The KIC of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet decrease with the growing of LaNbO4 fraction ranging 0~10%wt, while increase with the growing of LaNbO4 fraction ranging 10~20%wt. Monoclinic ZrO2 is a fragile inpurity phase which influences the microstructure of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet. Only when the fraction of LaNbO4 increased up to 10%wt, can the thoughness improving effect of LaNbO4 balance the influence of monoclinic ZrO2, after that the toughness improving effect of LaNbO4 plays a dominant role in the mechanic properties of the material. The partial phase transformation of ZrO2 in YSZ from cubic phase to monoclinic phase also result in the decrease of ionic conductivity of the material.
稀土正铌酸盐LaNbO4在室温下是铁弹性的单斜相,具有特殊的畴结构,在外应力的作用下能发生畴位向变换,应力消失后,畴恢复到原有取向。这一机制有可能增韧陶瓷。因此,本文研究选用LaNbO4作为增韧NiO/YSZ的第三相材料。主要的研究内容包括:
1) LaNbO4粉末材料的制备与表征;
2) NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4复合材料力学性能;
3) NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4复合材料中的相变及其对导电性能影响。
研究结果表明,化学共沉淀法制备LaNbO4的关键是控制溶液的pH值,保持在9~10之间,才能得到较纯净的尺寸在1~1.5μm的LaNbO4晶粒。LaNbO4的加入导致部分立方相YSZ发生相变,生成单斜相ZrO2。NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷材料的KⅠC随LaNbO4的加入量变化:当LaNbO4含量在0~10%wt之间, NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷KⅠC连续下降;进一步增加LaNbO4含量,则导致NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷的KⅠC上升。脆性相单斜ZrO2的生成是降低NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4陶瓷断裂韧性的原因,其对断裂韧性的破坏作用逐步被LaNbO4的增韧作用抵消。当LaNbO4含量大于10%wt,LaNbO4的增韧作用在复合材料中占主导地位。部分单斜相的生成使得YSZ的离子导电率下降。
The anode-support planar SOFC is an important developing direction in SOFC. The Ni/YSZ cermet is the most used as anode, which is achieved via the NiO/YSZ cermet at room temperature after reduction at high temperature.The toughness of the porous NiO/YSZ cermet is not enough to bear the pressure brought in the assembly of SOFCs. The breakage of the NiO/YSZ cermet is one of the important invalidation in SOFCs. The aim of the paper is to improve the toughness the NiO/YSZ cermet by addition of the thire stuff without influencing the electronic conductivity, and to create qualification for the super thin SOFC.
Lanthanum orthoniobate (LaNbO4), is a ferroelastic phase of monoclinic structure at room temperature, is heavily domained in two orientations. Under an external stress, the domains switch. Upon removal of external stress, the domains switch backward. It is expected that such a phase may be used to toughen ceramics. In this paper, LaNbO4 has been used as the third phase to enhance the toughness of cermet. The main content includes the following:
1) Synthesis and characterization of the LaNbO4 power
2) The mechanical properties of NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composite
3) The phase transformation and its influence on the electrical donductivity of the NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composite
The decisive step in chemical precipitation of LaNbO4 preparation is to adjust the pH value of the solvent into 9~10, by which purified LaNbO4 crystal with 1~1.5μm particle size was prepared. The LaNbO4-addition results in the phase transformation of ZrO2 from cubic to monoclinic in YSZ. The KIC of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet varies with the fraction of LaNbO4 in NiO/YSZ/LaNbO4 composition: The KIC of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet decrease with the growing of LaNbO4 fraction ranging 0~10%wt, while increase with the growing of LaNbO4 fraction ranging 10~20%wt. Monoclinic ZrO2 is a fragile inpurity phase which influences the microstructure of LaNbO4/NiO/YSZ cermet. Only when the fraction of LaNbO4 increased up to 10%wt, can the thoughness improving effect of LaNbO4 balance the influence of monoclinic ZrO2, after that the toughness improving effect of LaNbO4 plays a dominant role in the mechanic properties of the material. The partial phase transformation of ZrO2 in YSZ from cubic phase to monoclinic phase also result in the decrease of ionic conductivity of the material.
引文
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[6]刘荣辉,马文会,王华等.固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展.云南化工, 2005,32(3):45~49
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[9]李箭,肖建中.固体氧化物燃料电池的现状与发展.中国科学基金,2004,(3) : 145~149
[10] Yaofan Yi, Ashok D. Rao, Jacob Brouwer et al.Analysis and optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell and intercooled gas turbine (SOFC–ICGT) hybrid cycle. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 132: 77~85
[11]李箭.固体氧化物燃料电池:发展现状、关键技术和面临的问题.功能材料与器件,2007,13(6):683~690
[12] Yaofan Yi, Ashok D. Rao, Jacob Brouwer et al. Analysis and optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell and intercooled gas turbine (SOFC–ICGT) hybrid cycle. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 132: 77~85
[13] Huiming Deng, Minyau Zhou, Benjamin Abeles. Diffusion-reaction in mixed ionic-electronic solid oxide membranes with porous electrodes. Solid State Ionics, 1994, 74: 75~84
[14]程继贵,邓丽萍,孟广耀.固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料的制备和性能研究新进展.兵器材料科学与工程,2002,25(6):42~49
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