舰载防空系统中雷达数据处理仿真研究
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摘要
本文研究了相控阵雷达的基本原理和基本构成及信号在相控阵雷达系统中的传输、处理过程,分析了相控阵雷达系统仿真的总体流程。对目标精密跟踪算法做了一定的介绍,其中包含卡尔曼算法、扩展卡尔曼算法和不敏卡尔曼算法,并使用各种实例仿真对算法进行验证。以AN/SPY-1雷达为平台,针对复杂地形的地形高程数据和地形地物特征,生成地杂波模拟数据,在综合分析相控阵雷达系统及低飞目标的运动规律基础上,采用半空间物理光学结合图形电磁学,计算半空间低飞复杂目标的雷达散射截面,根据时域信号处理方法分析目标和杂波信息相叠加的雷达信号,利用不敏卡尔曼滤波算法对目标进行精密跟踪,完整模拟雷达探测与跟踪系统。最后通过仿真实例进行验证,数值结果证明该文方法的有效性和准确性。
Several critical technologic problems of simulation system of phased array radar are discussed in this paper, Firstly, transmission and processing procedure of signal in the phased array radar system are analyzed and the simulation systemic modular structure of phased array radar is founded. And the collectively simulation procedure are discussed. The Kalman filter, the Extended Kalman filter and the Unscented Kalman filter are introduced in this paper. According to the actual landform environments, the ground clutter is produced, the motion laws of the radar platform and radar targets are fully considered in this algorithm, the radar cross sections (RCS) of low altitude targets in half space can be calculated quickly and accurately using a new algorithm which combines the half-space physical optics method with the graphical electromagnetic computing (GRECO) method. And the radar echo signals including target and clutter information are studied with frequency domain signal processing method. The functions of detecting and tracking targets are realized by Unscented Kalman filter in this simulation system. The architecture of the system, the functions and principles of each module, as well as demonstrating examples verified the algorithm given in this paper.
Several critical technologic problems of simulation system of phased array radar are discussed in this paper, Firstly, transmission and processing procedure of signal in the phased array radar system are analyzed and the simulation systemic modular structure of phased array radar is founded. And the collectively simulation procedure are discussed. The Kalman filter, the Extended Kalman filter and the Unscented Kalman filter are introduced in this paper. According to the actual landform environments, the ground clutter is produced, the motion laws of the radar platform and radar targets are fully considered in this algorithm, the radar cross sections (RCS) of low altitude targets in half space can be calculated quickly and accurately using a new algorithm which combines the half-space physical optics method with the graphical electromagnetic computing (GRECO) method. And the radar echo signals including target and clutter information are studied with frequency domain signal processing method. The functions of detecting and tracking targets are realized by Unscented Kalman filter in this simulation system. The architecture of the system, the functions and principles of each module, as well as demonstrating examples verified the algorithm given in this paper.
引文
[1]Ghouz, H.H.M.; Elghany, F.I.A.; Qutb, M.M. Adaptive space-time processing for interference suppression in phased array radar systems.Ⅰ. Search radar. Radio Science Conference,2000.17th NRSC'2000. Seventeenth National 22-24 Feb. 2000 Page(s):B8/1-B8/8.
[2]侯民胜、秦海潮,基于Simulink的PD雷达地杂波的仿真,电子工程师,2008年34卷08期
[3]魏振华；董文峰,基于Simulink的目标回波信号模拟与实现,舰船电子对抗,2009年32卷01期
[4]叶红霞,汪文秉,金亚秋.预警雷达信号模拟的研究.现代雷达,2004,26(6)：1-3.
[5]胡居荣,曹宁,鹿浩.雷达杂波视频信号实时仿真与系统实现.舰船电子对抗,2007,30(6)：74-95
[6]张宏伟,张树平.基于起伏的RCS模型的机载PD雷达相干视频杂波模拟.电子科技,2007,3：43-47.
[7]陈绪元.舰载多功能相控阵雷达概述.现代雷达.2000(1)：20-23页
[8]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版).电子工业出版社.2006.
[9]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.
[10]段惠萍.雷达系统的建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学硕士论文.2001.
[11]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版).西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[12]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.电子工业出版社.2006.
[13]王德纯,丁家会,程望东等.精密跟踪测量雷达技术.电子工业出版社.2006.
[14]何友,修建娟,张晶炜等.雷达数据处理及应用.电子工业出版社.2006.
[15]杨万海,多传感器数据融合及其应用,西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,6：166-171.
[16]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德,机动目标跟踪,北京：国防工业出版社,1991,1：2-8.
[17]Julier SJ, Uhlmann JK, Whyte HD. A new approach for filtering nonlinear systems. Proc. American Control Conference,1995:1628-1632.
[18]王永富,黄显林,胡恒章.非线性预测滤波器在机动目标跟踪中的应用.系统工程与电子技术.2000,22(8)：6-9
[19]张友民,张洪才,戴冠中,贺志斌.非线性滤波方法及其在飞行状态及参数估计中的应用.航空学报.1994,15(5)：620-626
[20]Mingyan Li, Cheng-Chew Lim. Observability-Enhanced Proportional Navigation Guidance With Bearing-Only Measurments. Australian Mathematical Society.40(1999):497-512.
[21]George E.Hassoun, Cheng-Chew Lim. Advanced Guidance Control System Design for Homing Missile with Bearing-Only Measurments. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. December 1994, Guangzhou, China.
[22]Taek Lyul Song. Observability of target tracking with bearings-only measurements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.1996, 32(4):1468-1472.
[23]周桃庚,郝群,沙定国.U-卡尔曼滤波在状态估计中的应用.仪器仪表学报。2003,24(4)：410-412.
[24]Hsu FM. Square root Kalman filter for high-speed data received over fading dispersive HF channels. IEEE Trans. Information theory, IT-28 1982,9(9):753-763
[25]Tenne T, Smgh T. The higher order unscented filter. Proc. American Control Conference,2003:2441-2446
[26]Michalski K A, Zheng D. Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by surfaces of arbitrary shape in layered media, part I:Theory. IEEE Trans on Antennas and propagation,1990,38(3):335-344
[27]Bucy R S, Renne K D.Digital Synthesis of nonlinear filters. Automatica, 1971,7(3):287-289.
[28]Wells C. The Kalman filter in Finance. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht,1995.
[29]Simpson H R.Performance measures and optimization condition for a third-order sampled-data tracker. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1963, 8(2):182-188.
[30]Wan E, vander Merwe R. The unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation[A]. Proc. of Symposium 2000 on Adaptive Systems for Signal Processing, Communication and Control(AS-SPCC)[C].IEEE Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada,2000,1255-1260.
[31]Yang J J, Chow Y L, and Fang D G. Fast solution of mixed-potential time-domain integral equations for half-space environments. IEEE Trans on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2005,43(2):269-279.
[32]Acar R C, Dural G. Complete set of closed-form Green's functions for cylindrically layered media. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Atlanta GA,2006:2863-2866.
[33]Sun Xiaowen,Zhang Linrang,Wu Shunjun. Simulation of Radar Signal Processing System[J]. Journal of system simulation. Vol 14, No 11, Nov 2002
[34]Hui-ping Li; De-min Xu; Jiang Li jun; Fu-bin Zhang. Sequence Unscented Kalman Filtering algorithm. Industrial Electronics and Applications,2008. ICIEA 2008.3rd IEEE Conference on.3-5 June 2008 Page(s):1374-1378
[35]X. F. LI, Y. J. XIE, P. WANG, T. M. YANG. High-Frequency Method for Scattering from Electrically Large Conductive Targets in Half-Space. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:259-262
[36]Yucheng Zhou; Jiahe Xu; Yuanwei Jing; Dimirovski, G.M. The unscented Kalman filtering in extended noise environments. American Control Conference, 2009. ACC'09.2009.Page(s):1865-1870
[2]侯民胜、秦海潮,基于Simulink的PD雷达地杂波的仿真,电子工程师,2008年34卷08期
[3]魏振华；董文峰,基于Simulink的目标回波信号模拟与实现,舰船电子对抗,2009年32卷01期
[4]叶红霞,汪文秉,金亚秋.预警雷达信号模拟的研究.现代雷达,2004,26(6)：1-3.
[5]胡居荣,曹宁,鹿浩.雷达杂波视频信号实时仿真与系统实现.舰船电子对抗,2007,30(6)：74-95
[6]张宏伟,张树平.基于起伏的RCS模型的机载PD雷达相干视频杂波模拟.电子科技,2007,3：43-47.
[7]陈绪元.舰载多功能相控阵雷达概述.现代雷达.2000(1)：20-23页
[8]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版).电子工业出版社.2006.
[9]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.
[10]段惠萍.雷达系统的建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学硕士论文.2001.
[11]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版).西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[12]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.电子工业出版社.2006.
[13]王德纯,丁家会,程望东等.精密跟踪测量雷达技术.电子工业出版社.2006.
[14]何友,修建娟,张晶炜等.雷达数据处理及应用.电子工业出版社.2006.
[15]杨万海,多传感器数据融合及其应用,西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,6：166-171.
[16]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德,机动目标跟踪,北京：国防工业出版社,1991,1：2-8.
[17]Julier SJ, Uhlmann JK, Whyte HD. A new approach for filtering nonlinear systems. Proc. American Control Conference,1995:1628-1632.
[18]王永富,黄显林,胡恒章.非线性预测滤波器在机动目标跟踪中的应用.系统工程与电子技术.2000,22(8)：6-9
[19]张友民,张洪才,戴冠中,贺志斌.非线性滤波方法及其在飞行状态及参数估计中的应用.航空学报.1994,15(5)：620-626
[20]Mingyan Li, Cheng-Chew Lim. Observability-Enhanced Proportional Navigation Guidance With Bearing-Only Measurments. Australian Mathematical Society.40(1999):497-512.
[21]George E.Hassoun, Cheng-Chew Lim. Advanced Guidance Control System Design for Homing Missile with Bearing-Only Measurments. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. December 1994, Guangzhou, China.
[22]Taek Lyul Song. Observability of target tracking with bearings-only measurements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.1996, 32(4):1468-1472.
[23]周桃庚,郝群,沙定国.U-卡尔曼滤波在状态估计中的应用.仪器仪表学报。2003,24(4)：410-412.
[24]Hsu FM. Square root Kalman filter for high-speed data received over fading dispersive HF channels. IEEE Trans. Information theory, IT-28 1982,9(9):753-763
[25]Tenne T, Smgh T. The higher order unscented filter. Proc. American Control Conference,2003:2441-2446
[26]Michalski K A, Zheng D. Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by surfaces of arbitrary shape in layered media, part I:Theory. IEEE Trans on Antennas and propagation,1990,38(3):335-344
[27]Bucy R S, Renne K D.Digital Synthesis of nonlinear filters. Automatica, 1971,7(3):287-289.
[28]Wells C. The Kalman filter in Finance. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht,1995.
[29]Simpson H R.Performance measures and optimization condition for a third-order sampled-data tracker. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1963, 8(2):182-188.
[30]Wan E, vander Merwe R. The unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation[A]. Proc. of Symposium 2000 on Adaptive Systems for Signal Processing, Communication and Control(AS-SPCC)[C].IEEE Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada,2000,1255-1260.
[31]Yang J J, Chow Y L, and Fang D G. Fast solution of mixed-potential time-domain integral equations for half-space environments. IEEE Trans on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2005,43(2):269-279.
[32]Acar R C, Dural G. Complete set of closed-form Green's functions for cylindrically layered media. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Atlanta GA,2006:2863-2866.
[33]Sun Xiaowen,Zhang Linrang,Wu Shunjun. Simulation of Radar Signal Processing System[J]. Journal of system simulation. Vol 14, No 11, Nov 2002
[34]Hui-ping Li; De-min Xu; Jiang Li jun; Fu-bin Zhang. Sequence Unscented Kalman Filtering algorithm. Industrial Electronics and Applications,2008. ICIEA 2008.3rd IEEE Conference on.3-5 June 2008 Page(s):1374-1378
[35]X. F. LI, Y. J. XIE, P. WANG, T. M. YANG. High-Frequency Method for Scattering from Electrically Large Conductive Targets in Half-Space. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:259-262
[36]Yucheng Zhou; Jiahe Xu; Yuanwei Jing; Dimirovski, G.M. The unscented Kalman filtering in extended noise environments. American Control Conference, 2009. ACC'09.2009.Page(s):1865-1870