基于GPS信号传播的大气波导参数反演研究
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摘要
大气波导是一种异常的大气结构,它能够部分地陷获电磁波的传播,从而改变电磁波传播的特征。可以使电波在其中以较小的衰减传播从而实现电波超视距传播,严重影响了雷达、通信、侦察等基于电磁传播的无线电系统。因此实时预测雷达工作区内的大气折射率参数在研究雷达、通信、侦察等问题中具有重要的理论指导和军事价值。
本文首先给出了大气波导的特性参数描述、大气波导形成原理和分类,分析了形成波导传播的条件和大气波导对电磁波的传播的影响。利用射线描迹技术对GPS信号在标准大气下,大气波导环境下表面波导和抬升波导电波射线传播路径进行了仿真。分析了以GPS信号仰角为0.1度时波导对射线的陷获情况;利用抛物型方程的标准傅立叶算法分析了GPS信号以低仰角入射到海上波导中的传播的重点、难点问题即初始场以及上、下边界选取问题,推导并计算了GPS信号在几种大气波导中传播的近似的功率分布。最后,利用GPS信号在空间中的功率分布及其GPS信号正向传播模型建立目标函数,结合优化算法-模拟退火算法反演了大气折射率剖面参数,从而得到反演大气波导剖面。反演结果表明反演剖面曲线和理论剖面曲线拟合较好。
Atmospheric duct is an anomalous atmosphere structure which can traped partly electromagnetic wave propagation far beyond the horizon with less attenuation. The atmospheric duct phenomenon greatly affects the capability of radar, communication, reconnaissance and some other electromagnetic radiation systems. Therefore, forecasting the real-time refractivity parameters in radar working area is both theoretically and military value to the studies on radar, communication, reconnaissance, etc.
This dissertation firstly presents a thorough research on the subject including the parameter description, the principle of formation and classification of the atmospheric duct, then the condition of the atmospheric duct appearing and characteristic of electromagnetic wave propagation in atmospheric duct are analysed. The propagation paths of GPS signal propagation in the standard atmosphere and atmospheric duct including surfure duct and elevated duct are simulated by Ray-tracing technique, the ray which trapped in the duct is examined with GPS signal elevation angle 0.1 degree. Using the standard split-step Fourier Transform method to solve parabolic equation, low elevation angle GPS signal propagation is studied in the atmospheric duct, in particular for the initial field and boundary conditions. The power distribution of GPS signal propagation in different kinds of the atmospheric duct is also derived and calculated. Finally, using GPS signal power distribution in space and propagation model, the objective function is established. According to the simulated annealing algorithm, the parameter of atmospheric duct profile is inversed, which leads to obtain atmospheric duct profile. The numerical results show that the inversion profile fits well with the real measurement profile.
本文首先给出了大气波导的特性参数描述、大气波导形成原理和分类,分析了形成波导传播的条件和大气波导对电磁波的传播的影响。利用射线描迹技术对GPS信号在标准大气下,大气波导环境下表面波导和抬升波导电波射线传播路径进行了仿真。分析了以GPS信号仰角为0.1度时波导对射线的陷获情况;利用抛物型方程的标准傅立叶算法分析了GPS信号以低仰角入射到海上波导中的传播的重点、难点问题即初始场以及上、下边界选取问题,推导并计算了GPS信号在几种大气波导中传播的近似的功率分布。最后,利用GPS信号在空间中的功率分布及其GPS信号正向传播模型建立目标函数,结合优化算法-模拟退火算法反演了大气折射率剖面参数,从而得到反演大气波导剖面。反演结果表明反演剖面曲线和理论剖面曲线拟合较好。
Atmospheric duct is an anomalous atmosphere structure which can traped partly electromagnetic wave propagation far beyond the horizon with less attenuation. The atmospheric duct phenomenon greatly affects the capability of radar, communication, reconnaissance and some other electromagnetic radiation systems. Therefore, forecasting the real-time refractivity parameters in radar working area is both theoretically and military value to the studies on radar, communication, reconnaissance, etc.
This dissertation firstly presents a thorough research on the subject including the parameter description, the principle of formation and classification of the atmospheric duct, then the condition of the atmospheric duct appearing and characteristic of electromagnetic wave propagation in atmospheric duct are analysed. The propagation paths of GPS signal propagation in the standard atmosphere and atmospheric duct including surfure duct and elevated duct are simulated by Ray-tracing technique, the ray which trapped in the duct is examined with GPS signal elevation angle 0.1 degree. Using the standard split-step Fourier Transform method to solve parabolic equation, low elevation angle GPS signal propagation is studied in the atmospheric duct, in particular for the initial field and boundary conditions. The power distribution of GPS signal propagation in different kinds of the atmospheric duct is also derived and calculated. Finally, using GPS signal power distribution in space and propagation model, the objective function is established. According to the simulated annealing algorithm, the parameter of atmospheric duct profile is inversed, which leads to obtain atmospheric duct profile. The numerical results show that the inversion profile fits well with the real measurement profile.
引文
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[24]戴福山.海洋大气近地层折射指数模式及其在蒸发波导分析上的应用电波科学学报, 13(3): 280-286, September 1998.
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[26]姚展予,赵柏林,李万彪等.大气波导特征分析及其对电磁波传播的影响,气象学报, 58(5): 605-616., 2000.10.
[27]宋伟,徐少彬.大气波导对舰载电子装备作战性能的影响,舰船电子对抗, 30(4): 46-49. 2007.
[28]孟书生,王剑.海面蒸发波导对电磁波传播的影响,科技导报27(9): 43-47, 2009.
[29]王一平,肖景明编著.微波传播,北京:人民邮电出版社1987
[30]郝永生.海上蒸发波导中的电磁波传播及基于神经网络的反演问题研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009,1.
[31]阮颖铮编著,复射线理论及其应用.北京:电子工业出版社. 36-70 ,1991.
[32] Orfanidis , S.J , Electromagnetic Waves & Antennas, www.ece.rutgers.edu /~orfanidi/ewa. 169-193. 2004.
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