室内有毒气体监测系统研制
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摘要
近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高和居住条件的改善,大量的新型装饰材料被广泛地应用于家庭装修中,而由此所造成的室内环境污染也日益变得严重。那些有毒气体会对人体造成极大的危害,为了保障人们的身体健康,发展高性能、低成本的多传感器与智能技术相结合的监测系统具有重要的现实意义。基于多传感器数据融合技术的气体检测系统,可在一定程度上抑制传感器的漂移和噪声,提高系统的检测精度。本文采用基于多传感器自适应加权数据融合技术,设计一套室内装修有毒气体监测系统,该系统具有数据采集、实时显示、声光报警、串口通讯等功能,并采用自适应加权数据融合算法,提高了整个系统的测量精度。
论文在分析了电化学甲醛、氨气传感器和半导体苯传感器的检测原理之后,提出并实现了系统整体设计方案。系统硬件主要分为3个部分:一是传感器信号调理电路部分,包括甲醛、氨气传感器的信号调理、苯传感器的信号调理和温湿度传感器的信号调理;二是TMS320LF2407A控制器部分的电路,包括气体浓度的采集和温湿度参数的采集、液晶显示电路、声光报警等;三是上位机通讯电路。系统软件包括两个部分:一是用C和汇编语言混合编写的下位机程序,主要完成系统初始化、中断采样、数据实时显示、声光报警和数据通讯等工作;二是由VB语言编写上位机软件,主要完成数据实时传输、数据保存、显示气体浓度等功能。
论文提出了基于自适应加权的数据融合方法,即充分利用传感器的原始数据,对测量数据的均方误差、测量精度等信息进行融合,并准确估算出来。其优点是不要求测量数据的任何先验知识,仅依据测量数据的测量精度来确定不同数据的相应权数,就可以计算出均方误差最小的融合值。将所提出的数据融合方法应用到室内有毒气体监测系统中,提高了室内有毒气体监测系统的测量精度,并使系统具有良好的鲁棒性。
实验表明系统性能稳定,测量精度达到预定的要求,具有很好的应用前景。
With the improvements of the standard of living and the condition of housing in recent years, a lot of new-style decorating materials are widely used in house decoration, which caused the indoor environment deteriorated. Those poisonous gases have caused great harm to human health. So it is of great importance to develop the high quality and low cost monitoring system by combining multi-sensor and intelligence technology. Multi-sensor data fusion technology based on gas detecting system can restrain the excursion and the noise of the sensor and improve the accuracy of the system. Based on the technology mentioned above, the thesis devises an indoor decorating poisonous gas detecting system. The system comprises the data real-time displaying part, the acousto-optic alarm part and the serial port communication part. In addition, the data fusion method based on adaptive weighted is used in the system to improve the accuracy of the system.
The thesis deeply analyzes the detection principles of electrochemical formaldehyde, ammonia sensor and semiconductor toluene sensors. Then a system plan is put forward and is implemented. So the analyses for software and hardware design of the system are given. The hardware section consists mainly of three parts. The first part is a series of sensor signal conditioning circuits, including formaldehyde and ammonia sensor conditioning circuit, formaldehyde sensor signal conditioning circuit and temperature- humidity sensor signal conditioning circuit. The second part is the TMS320LF2407A Controller circuit including the gas concentrations acquisition, the temperature- humidity parameters acquisition, the liquid crystal displaying circuit and the acousto-optic alarm and so on. The third part is a position machine communication circuit. The software section consists of two parts. One is the program with C language and assembles language embedding machine. In this part, the performances of the system initialization, the interrupt sampling, the data real-time displaying, the acousto-optic alarm and the data communications are realized. The other is the position machine software based on VB language. It mainly achieves the real-time transmission, the data reservation and the displaying gas concentration.
The data fusion method based on adaptive weighted is presented in this thesis. Namely, the mean square error (MSE) and the measurement accuracy of the raw data from these multi-sensors are fused and are estimated accurately. The advantage is no need the prior knowledge of data measurement but only according to the measurement accuracy when we make sure the corresponding weights of the different data. In the light of this method we can calculate and gained the minimum fusion value and then apply it to indoor poisonous gas detecting system to improve the accuracy and robust of the system.
In the end, the real experiments show that the system has a steady quality and high accuracy as required. The system is of a bright future.
论文在分析了电化学甲醛、氨气传感器和半导体苯传感器的检测原理之后,提出并实现了系统整体设计方案。系统硬件主要分为3个部分:一是传感器信号调理电路部分,包括甲醛、氨气传感器的信号调理、苯传感器的信号调理和温湿度传感器的信号调理;二是TMS320LF2407A控制器部分的电路,包括气体浓度的采集和温湿度参数的采集、液晶显示电路、声光报警等;三是上位机通讯电路。系统软件包括两个部分:一是用C和汇编语言混合编写的下位机程序,主要完成系统初始化、中断采样、数据实时显示、声光报警和数据通讯等工作;二是由VB语言编写上位机软件,主要完成数据实时传输、数据保存、显示气体浓度等功能。
论文提出了基于自适应加权的数据融合方法,即充分利用传感器的原始数据,对测量数据的均方误差、测量精度等信息进行融合,并准确估算出来。其优点是不要求测量数据的任何先验知识,仅依据测量数据的测量精度来确定不同数据的相应权数,就可以计算出均方误差最小的融合值。将所提出的数据融合方法应用到室内有毒气体监测系统中,提高了室内有毒气体监测系统的测量精度,并使系统具有良好的鲁棒性。
实验表明系统性能稳定,测量精度达到预定的要求,具有很好的应用前景。
With the improvements of the standard of living and the condition of housing in recent years, a lot of new-style decorating materials are widely used in house decoration, which caused the indoor environment deteriorated. Those poisonous gases have caused great harm to human health. So it is of great importance to develop the high quality and low cost monitoring system by combining multi-sensor and intelligence technology. Multi-sensor data fusion technology based on gas detecting system can restrain the excursion and the noise of the sensor and improve the accuracy of the system. Based on the technology mentioned above, the thesis devises an indoor decorating poisonous gas detecting system. The system comprises the data real-time displaying part, the acousto-optic alarm part and the serial port communication part. In addition, the data fusion method based on adaptive weighted is used in the system to improve the accuracy of the system.
The thesis deeply analyzes the detection principles of electrochemical formaldehyde, ammonia sensor and semiconductor toluene sensors. Then a system plan is put forward and is implemented. So the analyses for software and hardware design of the system are given. The hardware section consists mainly of three parts. The first part is a series of sensor signal conditioning circuits, including formaldehyde and ammonia sensor conditioning circuit, formaldehyde sensor signal conditioning circuit and temperature- humidity sensor signal conditioning circuit. The second part is the TMS320LF2407A Controller circuit including the gas concentrations acquisition, the temperature- humidity parameters acquisition, the liquid crystal displaying circuit and the acousto-optic alarm and so on. The third part is a position machine communication circuit. The software section consists of two parts. One is the program with C language and assembles language embedding machine. In this part, the performances of the system initialization, the interrupt sampling, the data real-time displaying, the acousto-optic alarm and the data communications are realized. The other is the position machine software based on VB language. It mainly achieves the real-time transmission, the data reservation and the displaying gas concentration.
The data fusion method based on adaptive weighted is presented in this thesis. Namely, the mean square error (MSE) and the measurement accuracy of the raw data from these multi-sensors are fused and are estimated accurately. The advantage is no need the prior knowledge of data measurement but only according to the measurement accuracy when we make sure the corresponding weights of the different data. In the light of this method we can calculate and gained the minimum fusion value and then apply it to indoor poisonous gas detecting system to improve the accuracy and robust of the system.
In the end, the real experiments show that the system has a steady quality and high accuracy as required. The system is of a bright future.
引文
[1] 陈永亮.浅谈室内装修污染及其防治[J].环保技术,2006,20-24
[2] 吴慧山,韩耀照,郭东发.室内装修要警惕氡、甲醛、苯等危害[M].北京:原子能出版社, 2000
[3] 裴志刚,朱立.室内装修甲醛的危害及测量方法[J].实验技术与管理.,2005, 22 (6): 127
[4] 中国环境科学学会.首届室内环境安全与可持续发展国际论坛论文集[C]. 2003
[5] 刘崇进、郑大昉.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向。计算机测量与控制,1997,7(2):54-56.
[6] Khoder MI,Shakour AA,Farag SA,et al. Indoor and outdoor formaldehyde concentrations in homes in residential areas in Greater cairo.JEnviron Monit,2000,2(2):123-126
[7] 滕召胜,罗隆福.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000.225-227
[8] Lee Chia-yen,Chiang Che-ming,Wang Yu-hsiang,et al.A self-heating gas sensor with integrated NiO thin-film for formaldehyde detection[J].Sensor and Actuators B,2007(122):503-5
[9] 孔凡天,陈幼平.基于多传感器信息融合的分布式气体检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2006,14 421-424
[10] Julian W,Gardner,Philip N.A brief history of electronic noses[J].Sensors and Actuators.1994(18):211-220
[11] 刘崇进,郑大昉.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向[J].计算机自动测量与控制.1999,7(2):54-55
[12] 周安.电化学气体传感器工作电路的设计[J].首都师范大学学报.1997,18:134-135.
[13] ZhouKao-wen, On-line monitoring of formaldehyde in air by cataluminescence-based gas sensor [J].Sensor and Actuators B,2006 (119):392-397
[14] 周红.高性能综合电化学系统的研制开发[D].中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,2000,5
[15] Baratto C,Comini E,Faglia G, et al. Gas detection with porous based sensor. Sensors and Actuators ,2000,65:257-259
[16] 刘畅生.传感器简明手册及应用电路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2005.
[17] 常健生.检测与转换技术[M].北京:机械出版社.1981
[18] Analog Devices Two-Terminal IC Temperature Transducer AD590 Data sheet [J].1997
[19] Yasushi Hayashi.Akitoshi Okino.Eiki Hotta.Toshiyuki Uchii.Gerald Cleteur and Katsumi Suzuki.Observation of Weakly Ionized Dusty Plasma in Exhaust Gas in aCompact-Size SF6Gas Circuit Breaker . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE.2001.VOL.29.NO.1:99-101
[20] 赵继文,何玉彬.传感器与应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社.2002,9
[21] 杨振江,孙占彪等.智能仪器与数据采集系统中的新器件及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[22] 阎馨,屠乃威.基于多传感器数据融合技术的瓦斯监测系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2004,12(12):1140-1142
[23] Hansen T,Petersen MA,Byrne DV. sensor based quality control utilizing an electronic nose and GC-MS analyses to predict end-product quality from raw materials[J].Meat science,2005,69:621-634
[24] 刘佳,张奕黄.TMS320LF2407 的复位问题分析[J].微特电机.2004,(7):46-47.
[25] 赵卫华,谢拴勤.TMS320LF2407 在混合电压系统中的设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,(2):40-43
[26] 何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000 系列 DSP 原理及实用技术[M].电子工业出版社,2003
[27] 清源科技.TMS320LF240xDSP 应用程序设计教程[M].机械工业出版社,2003:260-262
[28] 江思敏.TMS320LF240xDSP 硬件开发教程[M].机械工业出版社,2003:75-77
[29] Andrew Bateman.DSP 算法、应用与设计[M].陈健,陈伟.中信出版社,2003:255-256
[30] 张其武.烟气二氧化硫浓度智能检测仪的研制[D].山东大学.2005
[31] 汪小强,陈明凯.用 DSP 的 I/O 实现同液晶控制器接口的方法[J].电气时代,2003,(10):105-108
[32] 刘艳玲.采用 MAX232 实现单片机与 PC 机的通信[J].天津理工学院学报,1999,5(6):57-61
[33] Bourrounet B,Talout,Gaset A. Application of a Multi-Gas-Sensor Device in the Meat Indus Try for Boar –Taint Detection. Sensors and Actuators ,1995(26-27):250-254
[34] 王小凤,乔学光,贾振安.DSP 实现液晶显示图像的技术及应用[J].液晶与显示,2005,20(1):57-60
[35] 郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[36] 齐燕杰,宋文超.Visual Basic 串口通信开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[37] Koji Kawamura,Kagan Kerman,Mikiro Fujihara,et al. Development of a novel hand-held formaldehyde gas sensor for the rapid detection of sick building syndrome[J].Sensor andActuators B,2005(105):495-501
[38] 党剑华,赫建国,刘立新.基于 TMS320LF2407 的数据采集与传输系统的设计[J].西安邮电学院学报,2006,11(1):18-21
[39] K.kawamura, K.Kerman, M.Fujihara, N.Nagatani,E.Tamiya. Development of a novel hand-held formaldehyde gas sensor for the rapid detection of sick building syndrome. Sensor Actuators B,2005,105(2):495-501
[40] 朱伟,陈曙.基于 DSP 的多通道高速数据采集系统[J].信息技术与信息化,2006,1,104-107
[41] 温卫敏,汪梅.基于自适应加权数据融合室内有毒气体检测系统[J].仪器仪表增刊,2007,8
[42] 孙良,宋曙芹.便携式数据采集仪表的设计与实现仪表与传感器[J].2003.11(4),315-317
[43] 陈长伦,何建波,刘伟,刘锦淮.电化学式气体传感器的研究进展[J]. 传感器世界,2004,6
[44] Steven Roberts. Combining data from multiple monitors in air Pollution mortality time series studies [J].Atmospheric Environment 37(2003)3317-3322
[45] 王仲生.智能检测与控制技术[M].西北工业大学出版社,2002:124-138
[46] 刘骏跃,陈明.多传感器信息融合火灾预报技术研究[J].工矿自动化.2003(10):55-57
[47] 周艳荣,张茂青.基于 TMS320LF2407A 控制的 SED1335 液晶显示方案[J].电子工程师,2006,32(5):42-45
[48] 张立昌,崔庆渝.TMS320LF2407 DSP 与 PC 机异步串行通讯的实现[J].机电设备,2004,1:27-32
[49] 国家质检总局,卫生部,环保总局.GB/T18883-2003《室内空气质量标准》.2002,11:52-60
[2] 吴慧山,韩耀照,郭东发.室内装修要警惕氡、甲醛、苯等危害[M].北京:原子能出版社, 2000
[3] 裴志刚,朱立.室内装修甲醛的危害及测量方法[J].实验技术与管理.,2005, 22 (6): 127
[4] 中国环境科学学会.首届室内环境安全与可持续发展国际论坛论文集[C]. 2003
[5] 刘崇进、郑大昉.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向。计算机测量与控制,1997,7(2):54-56.
[6] Khoder MI,Shakour AA,Farag SA,et al. Indoor and outdoor formaldehyde concentrations in homes in residential areas in Greater cairo.JEnviron Monit,2000,2(2):123-126
[7] 滕召胜,罗隆福.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000.225-227
[8] Lee Chia-yen,Chiang Che-ming,Wang Yu-hsiang,et al.A self-heating gas sensor with integrated NiO thin-film for formaldehyde detection[J].Sensor and Actuators B,2007(122):503-5
[9] 孔凡天,陈幼平.基于多传感器信息融合的分布式气体检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2006,14 421-424
[10] Julian W,Gardner,Philip N.A brief history of electronic noses[J].Sensors and Actuators.1994(18):211-220
[11] 刘崇进,郑大昉.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向[J].计算机自动测量与控制.1999,7(2):54-55
[12] 周安.电化学气体传感器工作电路的设计[J].首都师范大学学报.1997,18:134-135.
[13] ZhouKao-wen, On-line monitoring of formaldehyde in air by cataluminescence-based gas sensor [J].Sensor and Actuators B,2006 (119):392-397
[14] 周红.高性能综合电化学系统的研制开发[D].中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,2000,5
[15] Baratto C,Comini E,Faglia G, et al. Gas detection with porous based sensor. Sensors and Actuators ,2000,65:257-259
[16] 刘畅生.传感器简明手册及应用电路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2005.
[17] 常健生.检测与转换技术[M].北京:机械出版社.1981
[18] Analog Devices Two-Terminal IC Temperature Transducer AD590 Data sheet [J].1997
[19] Yasushi Hayashi.Akitoshi Okino.Eiki Hotta.Toshiyuki Uchii.Gerald Cleteur and Katsumi Suzuki.Observation of Weakly Ionized Dusty Plasma in Exhaust Gas in aCompact-Size SF6Gas Circuit Breaker . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE.2001.VOL.29.NO.1:99-101
[20] 赵继文,何玉彬.传感器与应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社.2002,9
[21] 杨振江,孙占彪等.智能仪器与数据采集系统中的新器件及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[22] 阎馨,屠乃威.基于多传感器数据融合技术的瓦斯监测系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2004,12(12):1140-1142
[23] Hansen T,Petersen MA,Byrne DV. sensor based quality control utilizing an electronic nose and GC-MS analyses to predict end-product quality from raw materials[J].Meat science,2005,69:621-634
[24] 刘佳,张奕黄.TMS320LF2407 的复位问题分析[J].微特电机.2004,(7):46-47.
[25] 赵卫华,谢拴勤.TMS320LF2407 在混合电压系统中的设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,(2):40-43
[26] 何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000 系列 DSP 原理及实用技术[M].电子工业出版社,2003
[27] 清源科技.TMS320LF240xDSP 应用程序设计教程[M].机械工业出版社,2003:260-262
[28] 江思敏.TMS320LF240xDSP 硬件开发教程[M].机械工业出版社,2003:75-77
[29] Andrew Bateman.DSP 算法、应用与设计[M].陈健,陈伟.中信出版社,2003:255-256
[30] 张其武.烟气二氧化硫浓度智能检测仪的研制[D].山东大学.2005
[31] 汪小强,陈明凯.用 DSP 的 I/O 实现同液晶控制器接口的方法[J].电气时代,2003,(10):105-108
[32] 刘艳玲.采用 MAX232 实现单片机与 PC 机的通信[J].天津理工学院学报,1999,5(6):57-61
[33] Bourrounet B,Talout,Gaset A. Application of a Multi-Gas-Sensor Device in the Meat Indus Try for Boar –Taint Detection. Sensors and Actuators ,1995(26-27):250-254
[34] 王小凤,乔学光,贾振安.DSP 实现液晶显示图像的技术及应用[J].液晶与显示,2005,20(1):57-60
[35] 郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[36] 齐燕杰,宋文超.Visual Basic 串口通信开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[37] Koji Kawamura,Kagan Kerman,Mikiro Fujihara,et al. Development of a novel hand-held formaldehyde gas sensor for the rapid detection of sick building syndrome[J].Sensor andActuators B,2005(105):495-501
[38] 党剑华,赫建国,刘立新.基于 TMS320LF2407 的数据采集与传输系统的设计[J].西安邮电学院学报,2006,11(1):18-21
[39] K.kawamura, K.Kerman, M.Fujihara, N.Nagatani,E.Tamiya. Development of a novel hand-held formaldehyde gas sensor for the rapid detection of sick building syndrome. Sensor Actuators B,2005,105(2):495-501
[40] 朱伟,陈曙.基于 DSP 的多通道高速数据采集系统[J].信息技术与信息化,2006,1,104-107
[41] 温卫敏,汪梅.基于自适应加权数据融合室内有毒气体检测系统[J].仪器仪表增刊,2007,8
[42] 孙良,宋曙芹.便携式数据采集仪表的设计与实现仪表与传感器[J].2003.11(4),315-317
[43] 陈长伦,何建波,刘伟,刘锦淮.电化学式气体传感器的研究进展[J]. 传感器世界,2004,6
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