不同品种桉叶有效部位及抗菌药效研究
|
摘要
为探讨不同品种桉叶有机溶剂萃取有效部位的抗菌活性、主要品种的安全性、对三黄肉仔鸡的生产性能、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,为其在畜禽生产中的推广应用提供研究基础。本研究采用抗菌中药体外药敏试验的平皿打洞法和试管两倍稀释法比较不同品种、不同提取工艺处理的DH201-2、GL-12、GL-16、DH32-29、GL-9、U6六个品种桉叶对蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副溶血性弧菌四种常见致病菌的体外抑制效果;采用两相溶剂萃取法分离筛选GL-9、U6品种桉叶不同有机溶剂萃取组分及各组分药液对埃希氏大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌、霍乱弧菌的抑制效果;采用圆形滤纸径向层析法检测各组分成分;并对各抗菌活性成分进行逐一提取及体外药物敏感性测定;通过正交试验探讨抗菌有效部位最优提取条件及影响因素;按照急性毒性试验要求测定GL-9、U6桉叶的半数致死量。选用150只1日龄三黄肉仔鸡,公母各半,随机分为5组,每组30只,Ⅰ～Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮上添加0.25%、0.5%、1%的U6桉叶粉,Ⅳ组在日粮中添加0.5%的双黄连粉,Ⅴ为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮。每周测定体重、采食量,计算平均日增重、日采食量、料重比等生长性能指标;并测定酸性磷酸酶ACP和碱性磷酸酶AKP活力,超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-PX活性及丙二醛MDA含量。结果显示:
1.不同品种桉叶水煎液、水煎萃取液、醇提液、醇提萃取物对4种供试菌株的体外抑菌效果各不相同,其中各提取液对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果最强,抑菌圈直径介于22.73～36.79mm间,远大于对照中药双黄连,抑菌圈直径为13.21mm。
2.各不同品种桉叶水煎液、水煎萃取液、醇提液、醇提萃取液的抑菌圈直径分别在11.34～36.79mm、6.36～33.97mm、9.69～33.56mm、6.60～32.66mm之间,水煎液抑菌效果强于醇提液的效果,其次为两者的相应萃取物。
3. GL-9、U6品种桉叶水煎液抑菌直径分别为15.35～34.40 mm、14.71～32.24 mm,优于其他四个品种。
4.GL-9、U6品种桉叶水煎液萃取下层组分对埃希氏大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌、霍乱弧菌8种供试菌株均表现较强敏感性(抑菌圈直径在10～15mm间),与水煎原液的抑菌效果相当,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇组分抗菌效果相对较弱,氯仿和石油醚组分均不表现抑菌效果。可见GL-9、U6桉叶抗菌有效部位主要存在于萃取下层组分中。
5.经成分检测发现,GL-9、U6桉叶水煎液、乙酸乙酯萃取层、正丁醇萃取层含多种有效成分,分别为酚类、甾体、黄酮类、萜类、皂甙、氨基酸化合物,对这些活性成分进行逐一提取,结果显示所用提取方法均不能使其有效分离,且抑菌效果不及GL-9、U6桉叶水煎液,酚类和黄酮类化合物抗菌谱与水煎液表现一致。
6.GL-9、U6桉叶不同提取条件试验结果显示对GL-9桉叶抗菌效果影响较大的因素为提取时间和提取温度,对U6桉叶影响较大的为提取时间。
7.GL-9桉叶的LD50为47.3696 g/kg,U6桉叶的LD50为68.7702 g/kg。
8.日粮中添加U6桉叶粉对三黄肉仔鸡生产性能和非特异性免疫无明显影响;日粮中添加量0.5%时可显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性,维持MDA含量较低水平,且对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)无影响。
可见,不同品种桉叶对常见致病菌有体外抑菌作用,不同提取方式对其抑菌活性影响不大,水煎液抑菌效果优于醇提液;GL-9、U6品种桉叶的抑菌效果优于其他四个品种。GL-9、U6品种桉叶抗菌有效部位主要为萃取下层药液组分,活性物质主要为黄酮类和酚类化合物,对GL-9桉叶抗菌有效成分提取影响较大的因素为提取温度和提取时间,对U6桉叶影响大的因素为提取时间。GL-9桉叶为小毒,U6桉叶为无毒。U6桉叶粉对三黄肉仔鸡生产性能和非特异性免疫无明显影响,但可提高其抗氧化能力,添加量应以0.5%为宜。
To explore antimicrobial activity of effective position on different Eucalytyptus species’leaves which extracted by organic solvent, security of main species’effect on growth performance、immune and anti-oxidation of broiler chicken, and provide research-based for promoting and using in animal production. The flat plate punch method and test tube double dilution method were used to determine the bacteriostatic effects in vitro of DH201-2、GL-12、GL-16、DH32-29、GL-9 and U6 six kind of Ecucalytypus leaves which of different treatment and which were had bacteroistatic effect on B. cereus, S. aureus, P.multocida and V. Parahaemolyticus. Using two-phase solvent extraction to isolated different extracted components from GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus species, and observe bacteriostatic effect on E.coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, P.multocida, V. Parahaemolyticus, V.alginolyticus and V.cholera by different extracted components. Radial filter paper chromatography method was used to detect the component of each composition, then using different extract methods to get the antibacterial activity materials and tested their drug susceptibility in vitro; using orthogonal trains to explore optimum conditions and influencing factors of effective antimicrobial part; according to the requirement of acute toxicity experiment to tested LD50 lethal dose of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves.150 1-day-old broiler Chicken were divided into five groups randomly: control groupⅤ, tested groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwhich were respectively supplied with U6 Ecucalytypus leaves power additive feedstuff at 0.25%, 0.5% ,1%, and groupⅣwas 0.5%Shuanghuanglian. The chicken weight and feed intake was measured every week, and calculated growth performance of ADG,ADFI and F/I , and measured the indexes of ACP, AKP,SOD,GHS-pX and MDA. Results showed:
1. Decoction , decoction extract, alcohol extract, ethanol extract of different varieties of Ecucalytypus leaves had an different inhibition effect on four kinds of tested strains, the inhibition effective against pasteurella was the strongest and the diameter of bacteriostasis circle of pasteurella which was 22.73 ~ 36.79mm much larger than Shuanghuanglian group, 13.21mm.
2. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of Decoction, decoction extract, alcohol extract and ethanol extract were respectively 11.34～36.79mm、6.36～33.97mm、9.69～33.56mm、6.60～32.66mm.
3. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves’decoction were better than other four species and respectively 15.35～34.40 mm、14.71～32.24 mm.
4. The lower component of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves’decoction extraction had a strongly sensitive effect on the 8 tested strains which were E.coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, P.multocida, V. Parahaemolyticus , V.alginolyticus and V.cholera. And the inhibited effect equaled with the decoction liquid, antibacterial effect of ethylacetate and n-butanol components relatively weak, chloroform and petroleum ether components were not showed any effect, so that the antibacterial effective part of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves mainly in the lower component of the extraction.
5. To detected the component of decoction, ethyl acetate layer, n-butanol layer about GL-9 and U6 Eucalytyptus leaves showed that they contained multiple active ingredients, respectively as phenols, Steroid, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, amino acid compounds. And these active ingredients could not be effectively separated and the inhibition effect was less than the water extraction of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves. Antimicrobial spectrum of phenols and flavonoids consistented with the performance of water-extract.
6. The experiment results which was different extraction condition of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves showed extracting time and temperature were mainly factors of influencing antibacterial effect on GL-9 Ecucalytypus leaves, and extracting time had a greater impact on antibacterial effect of U6 Ecucalytypus leaves.
7. LD50 of GL-9 Ecucalytyptus leaves was 47.3696 g/kg, LD50 of U6 Ecucalytypus leaves was 68.7702 g/kg.
8. Added U6 Ecucalytypus leaves to broiler’diet have no effect on growth performance and nonspecific immunity; diet supplemented with 0.5% U6 Ecucalytypus leaves significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, to maintain MDA content in the lower level, and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) had no effect.
In conclusion, different species Ecucalytypus leaves had vitro bacteriostatic action on common pathogenic bacteria,different extract modus had no significantly effect on bacteriostatic action and water extraction liquor’vitro bacteriostatic action was high to alcohol extraction liquor; the vitro bacteriostatic action of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus was better than the other four species. The underlayer component was the main position of bacteriostatic action on GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were the main vitro bacteriostatic active material, the significiant effect facter of extracting position of bacteriostatic action were extracting temperature and time, for U6 was extracting time. GL-9 Ecucalytypus was mild toxicity, U6 Ecucalytypus was asepsis. Added U6 Ecucalytypus leaves to broiler’diet have no effect on growth performance and nonspecific immunity, but could improve the anti-oxidation ability, addition of 0.5% was suitable.
1.不同品种桉叶水煎液、水煎萃取液、醇提液、醇提萃取物对4种供试菌株的体外抑菌效果各不相同,其中各提取液对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果最强,抑菌圈直径介于22.73～36.79mm间,远大于对照中药双黄连,抑菌圈直径为13.21mm。
2.各不同品种桉叶水煎液、水煎萃取液、醇提液、醇提萃取液的抑菌圈直径分别在11.34～36.79mm、6.36～33.97mm、9.69～33.56mm、6.60～32.66mm之间,水煎液抑菌效果强于醇提液的效果,其次为两者的相应萃取物。
3. GL-9、U6品种桉叶水煎液抑菌直径分别为15.35～34.40 mm、14.71～32.24 mm,优于其他四个品种。
4.GL-9、U6品种桉叶水煎液萃取下层组分对埃希氏大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌、霍乱弧菌8种供试菌株均表现较强敏感性(抑菌圈直径在10～15mm间),与水煎原液的抑菌效果相当,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇组分抗菌效果相对较弱,氯仿和石油醚组分均不表现抑菌效果。可见GL-9、U6桉叶抗菌有效部位主要存在于萃取下层组分中。
5.经成分检测发现,GL-9、U6桉叶水煎液、乙酸乙酯萃取层、正丁醇萃取层含多种有效成分,分别为酚类、甾体、黄酮类、萜类、皂甙、氨基酸化合物,对这些活性成分进行逐一提取,结果显示所用提取方法均不能使其有效分离,且抑菌效果不及GL-9、U6桉叶水煎液,酚类和黄酮类化合物抗菌谱与水煎液表现一致。
6.GL-9、U6桉叶不同提取条件试验结果显示对GL-9桉叶抗菌效果影响较大的因素为提取时间和提取温度,对U6桉叶影响较大的为提取时间。
7.GL-9桉叶的LD50为47.3696 g/kg,U6桉叶的LD50为68.7702 g/kg。
8.日粮中添加U6桉叶粉对三黄肉仔鸡生产性能和非特异性免疫无明显影响;日粮中添加量0.5%时可显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性,维持MDA含量较低水平,且对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)无影响。
可见,不同品种桉叶对常见致病菌有体外抑菌作用,不同提取方式对其抑菌活性影响不大,水煎液抑菌效果优于醇提液;GL-9、U6品种桉叶的抑菌效果优于其他四个品种。GL-9、U6品种桉叶抗菌有效部位主要为萃取下层药液组分,活性物质主要为黄酮类和酚类化合物,对GL-9桉叶抗菌有效成分提取影响较大的因素为提取温度和提取时间,对U6桉叶影响大的因素为提取时间。GL-9桉叶为小毒,U6桉叶为无毒。U6桉叶粉对三黄肉仔鸡生产性能和非特异性免疫无明显影响,但可提高其抗氧化能力,添加量应以0.5%为宜。
To explore antimicrobial activity of effective position on different Eucalytyptus species’leaves which extracted by organic solvent, security of main species’effect on growth performance、immune and anti-oxidation of broiler chicken, and provide research-based for promoting and using in animal production. The flat plate punch method and test tube double dilution method were used to determine the bacteriostatic effects in vitro of DH201-2、GL-12、GL-16、DH32-29、GL-9 and U6 six kind of Ecucalytypus leaves which of different treatment and which were had bacteroistatic effect on B. cereus, S. aureus, P.multocida and V. Parahaemolyticus. Using two-phase solvent extraction to isolated different extracted components from GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus species, and observe bacteriostatic effect on E.coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, P.multocida, V. Parahaemolyticus, V.alginolyticus and V.cholera by different extracted components. Radial filter paper chromatography method was used to detect the component of each composition, then using different extract methods to get the antibacterial activity materials and tested their drug susceptibility in vitro; using orthogonal trains to explore optimum conditions and influencing factors of effective antimicrobial part; according to the requirement of acute toxicity experiment to tested LD50 lethal dose of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves.150 1-day-old broiler Chicken were divided into five groups randomly: control groupⅤ, tested groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwhich were respectively supplied with U6 Ecucalytypus leaves power additive feedstuff at 0.25%, 0.5% ,1%, and groupⅣwas 0.5%Shuanghuanglian. The chicken weight and feed intake was measured every week, and calculated growth performance of ADG,ADFI and F/I , and measured the indexes of ACP, AKP,SOD,GHS-pX and MDA. Results showed:
1. Decoction , decoction extract, alcohol extract, ethanol extract of different varieties of Ecucalytypus leaves had an different inhibition effect on four kinds of tested strains, the inhibition effective against pasteurella was the strongest and the diameter of bacteriostasis circle of pasteurella which was 22.73 ~ 36.79mm much larger than Shuanghuanglian group, 13.21mm.
2. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of Decoction, decoction extract, alcohol extract and ethanol extract were respectively 11.34～36.79mm、6.36～33.97mm、9.69～33.56mm、6.60～32.66mm.
3. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves’decoction were better than other four species and respectively 15.35～34.40 mm、14.71～32.24 mm.
4. The lower component of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves’decoction extraction had a strongly sensitive effect on the 8 tested strains which were E.coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, P.multocida, V. Parahaemolyticus , V.alginolyticus and V.cholera. And the inhibited effect equaled with the decoction liquid, antibacterial effect of ethylacetate and n-butanol components relatively weak, chloroform and petroleum ether components were not showed any effect, so that the antibacterial effective part of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves mainly in the lower component of the extraction.
5. To detected the component of decoction, ethyl acetate layer, n-butanol layer about GL-9 and U6 Eucalytyptus leaves showed that they contained multiple active ingredients, respectively as phenols, Steroid, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, amino acid compounds. And these active ingredients could not be effectively separated and the inhibition effect was less than the water extraction of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves. Antimicrobial spectrum of phenols and flavonoids consistented with the performance of water-extract.
6. The experiment results which was different extraction condition of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus leaves showed extracting time and temperature were mainly factors of influencing antibacterial effect on GL-9 Ecucalytypus leaves, and extracting time had a greater impact on antibacterial effect of U6 Ecucalytypus leaves.
7. LD50 of GL-9 Ecucalytyptus leaves was 47.3696 g/kg, LD50 of U6 Ecucalytypus leaves was 68.7702 g/kg.
8. Added U6 Ecucalytypus leaves to broiler’diet have no effect on growth performance and nonspecific immunity; diet supplemented with 0.5% U6 Ecucalytypus leaves significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, to maintain MDA content in the lower level, and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) had no effect.
In conclusion, different species Ecucalytypus leaves had vitro bacteriostatic action on common pathogenic bacteria,different extract modus had no significantly effect on bacteriostatic action and water extraction liquor’vitro bacteriostatic action was high to alcohol extraction liquor; the vitro bacteriostatic action of GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus was better than the other four species. The underlayer component was the main position of bacteriostatic action on GL-9 and U6 Ecucalytypus, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were the main vitro bacteriostatic active material, the significiant effect facter of extracting position of bacteriostatic action were extracting temperature and time, for U6 was extracting time. GL-9 Ecucalytypus was mild toxicity, U6 Ecucalytypus was asepsis. Added U6 Ecucalytypus leaves to broiler’diet have no effect on growth performance and nonspecific immunity, but could improve the anti-oxidation ability, addition of 0.5% was suitable.
引文
[1]江苏新医学院,主编.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1982:1-193.
[2]Ran X D.Comprehensive Lexicon of Chinese Materia Media(中华药海) [M]. Harbin: Harbin publishing House, 1998.
[3]药典委员会编.中华人民共和国药典一部[S].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:227.
[4]宋立人,洪恂,丁绪亮等,主编.现代中药学大辞典(下册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2001, 5: 1669- 1671.
[5]郭丹丽.中草药饲料添加剂应用的研究[J].养殖天地,2009,4:40-41.
[6]黄泰康.常见中草药成分与药理手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994:178.
[7]李呈敏.中草药饲料添加剂[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.5-30.
[8]李建志,刘旭红,杨丽珍,等.11种中药草抗菌作用实验研究[J].中医药信息,2009,26(3):82-83.
[9]李京晶,籍保平,李博,等.十味中草药提取液的体外抗菌活性研究[J].食品科学, 2006, 27 (04): 147-150.
[10]刘宏伟,关瑞章,黄文树.不同加工处理中草药对鳗鲡主要致病菌的抗菌效果[J].集美大学学报, 2009, 14, (3): 19-23.
[11]张显忠,郭爱军,王德才等.丁香等中草药有效成分的提取方法和抗菌活性关系的研究[J].泰山医学院学报, 2008, 29 (10): 760-763.
[12]张敬礼,付关民.中草药饲料添加剂对鸡生产性能的影响[J].畜禽生产,2005,3:24-25.
[13]史万玉,包永占,郝延刚,等.中药复方禽球虫灵抗鸡柔嫩艾美球虫的效果[J].中国兽医科技, 2003,50:23-25.
[14]Choi Il,Hyung Soo Chang,Young Min Yun, et al.Antimicrobial activity of medicinal herbs against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella gallinarum[J].Korean journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology,2002,30(2):17-183.
[15]王进友.添加“保健助长散”饲养肉仔鸡的效果观察[J].中兽医医药杂志,1998(2):3-5.
[16]范丽,胡公政.十一种中草药对常见病原菌的体外抑菌试验[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001, 1:8-9.
[17]李平兰,吕燕妮,郑海涛,等.中药对鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].饲料研究,2003,50:29-31.
[18]吕武兴,贺建华,王建辉.杜仲提取物对三黄鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2007,19(1):61-65.
[19]Guo FC, Williams BA, Kwakkel Rp, et al. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens [J]. poultry Science, 2004,83(2):175-182.
[20]何丹林,温刘发,俞新华,等.鱼腥草复合剂替代金霉素对粤黄鸡饲用效果的初探[J].华南农业大学学报,2003,24(1):67-69.
[21]段福君,何若钢,李秀宝,等.中草药添加剂在猪生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2009,4:54-56.
[22]刘岭.三颗针提取物替代抗生素在断奶仔猪饲粮中的应用研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[23]张世昌,王志祥,孙永刚,等.复方中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(12):166-169.
[24]曹国文,代勤,戴荣国,等.中草药添加剂对断奶猪肠道菌群与生产性能的影响[J].中国兽医科技, 2003, 33(11): 54-58.
[25]董世山,蔡辉益,刘作华,等.几种中药复方提取物对仔猪腹泻的防治作用及相关机理[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):60-64.
[26]张秀英,王新,李存国.中草药添加剂仔猪健预防仔猪黄白痢及增重作用研究[J].中兽医医药杂志,2001,3:12-13.
[27]张孝清,曹文斌,孙子龙,等.中草药添加剂的抗菌及促生长效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33 (9):18-19.
[28]周圻,莫灿坤,李翔,等.中草药添加剂对奶牛乳腺炎的治疗及对产奶量和乳品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2005(1):87-89.
[29]麻延峰,王宏艳.中草药饲料添加剂提高奶牛产奶量效果研究[J].家畜生态学报,2005(2): 37-38.
[30]陈慧云.“增乳散”的研究及应用观察[J].中兽医医药杂志,1995(4):9-10.
[31]谢仲权.抗菌促生长中草药饲料添加剂[J].20-23.
[32]颜卉,郗伟斌,等.中药复方制剂抗鸡球虫效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(6):68-69.
[33]金光明,丁希强.直杀球虫与强力灭球王对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效观察[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2004,31(12):42-44.
[34]周树芹.中草药制剂防治鸡白痢病的研究进展[J].黑龙江农业工程职业学院学报,2005,1: 65-68.
[35]石新辉,王娜.中草药饲料添加剂的应用现状及前景[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005,7:44-45.
[36]刘忠宽,智建飞,李英杰,等.中草药饲料添加剂研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2005,9 (2) :73-77.
[37]王天奇,范文利,等.中药煎剂抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果研究[J].中兽医医药杂志, 2005, (2): 29-31.
[38]关玛丽,李振勇,左玉花,等.中药娄仁对大肠杆菌质粒(HB101/PBR322)消除作用简报[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,1995,1:25.
[39]刘天龙,郭世宁,刘钟杰.中草药防治禽大肠杆菌病的研究进展[J].山东家禽,2004(9):41-43.
[40]王思芦,杨柳,曾中良,等.中药消除致病性大肠杆菌耐药性研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008, 35(10):79-81.
[41]陈群,王胜春.黄芩和黄连对大肠杆菌R质粒的实验研究[J].广东医学院报,1998,16(1-2): 1-3.
[42]彭元丽,邹坤,陈国华.中药消除大肠杆菌耐药质粒研究[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(1):139-140.
[43]韩伟,张铁,钟秀会.中药对细菌R质粒消除作用的研究概况[J].中国畜牧兽医2006,33(8): 52-54.
[44]刘政,刘万钧.中草药饲料添加剂应用技术研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008,29(6):41-43.
[45]李锋涛.中草药饲料添加剂在养殖业中的应用进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008,29(3):19-22.
[46]Hill K D, Johnson L A S .Systematic studies in the eucalypts-7 .A revision of the bloodwoods genus Corymbia(Myrtaceae)[J].Telopea,1995,6(2-3):185-504.
[47]罗伟强,李小燕,刘宝.环江蓝桉树叶挥发油主要成分的GS/MS分析[J].工程技术及材料.138-139.
[48]汤洪波,周欣,雷培海,等.黔产蓝桉果实挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析[J].分析测试学报,2005, 24:97-98.
[49]孙汉董,丁靖垲,丁立生,等.桉叶油的化学成分[J].云南植物研究,1985,7(3):351-354.
[50]陈燕銮,刘秋琼,林秋晓,等.三种不同产地桉叶挥发油提取及其成分分析[J].医药导报,2009, 28 (7): 852-853.
[51]宋爱华,王颖,刘艳梅.蓝桉叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析研究[J].视频与药品,2009, 11 (01):30-32.
[52]田玉红,刘雄民,周永红,等.圆角桉叶精油的化学成分[J].食品科学,2007,28 (01):36-38.
[53]王真辉,陈秋波,刘小香,等.刚果12号桉叶挥发油化学成分及其生物活性[J].热带作物学报, 2007,28 (3):108-114.
[54]田玉红,刘雄民,周永红,等.邓恩桉叶挥发性成分的提取及分析[J].南京林业大学学报,2006, 30 (2):55-58.
[55]王晗光,张建,杨婉身,等.气相色谱-质谱法分析巨桉叶的挥发性化感成分[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24 (1):51-54.
[56]Hou AJ , et al. Hydro ;yzable tannins and related polyohenols from Eucalyptus globulus[J] . J-Asian-Nat-prod-Res,2000, 2(3):205.
[57]陈斌,等.蓝桉果实化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27 (8):596.
[58]Kim J P, et al.Ellagic acid rhamnosides from the stem bark of Eucalyptus globulus globulus[J]. phytochemistry, 2001, 57 (4):587.
[59]杨东升,黄蓓蕾,谢晓红,等.海南桉叶黄酮提取方法研究[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,(6):13-116.
[60]陈海,田宏,肖苏尧,等.桉叶抗氧化物的提取与抗氧化性质研究[J].湖南林业科技,2009, 36 (2): 25-29.
[61]倪木兰,孙万邦.桉叶油体外抗菌作用的初步研究[J].遵义医学院学报,1995,18 (3):178-180.
[62]凌天冀,唐俊杰.桉叶油与其它药物的联合抗菌作用[J].经济林研究,1994,12 :54-55.
[63]Dominique.精油的抗病毒和抗微生物作用[J].香料香精化妆品,2002, 5 : 40-45.
[64]施爱群,李艳平,肖瑞桃,等.南特桉体外抗菌试验研究[J].武汉大学学报,2003,23 (4):343-345.
[65]曾荣,徐艳.几种桉叶提取物的抗菌活性研究[J].中国林副特产,2006,6:15-17.
[66]任鸿春,王文魁,韩克光,等.桉叶水提醇沉液抗菌效果的研究[J].当代畜牧,2006,1:52.
[67]王岳峰,余延春,杨国军,等.大叶桉黄酮类化合物的分析及抑菌活性的研究[J].中医药学刊,2004, 22 (11):2135-2143.
[68]杨东升,李会萍,谢晓红,等.海南桉叶提取物熊果醇和桉叶油的已经特性研究[J].化学与生物工程,2009,26 (12):60-62.
[69]黄伊颖.桉叶注射液对猪链球菌病的临床应用试验[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2009,7:21.
[70]刘睿芬,陈莉莉,白峰,等.复方桉叶注射剂对金黄色葡萄球菌型小鼠乳腺炎的影响[J].中国奶牛,2009,11:43-45.
[71]赵宝玲,胡建新,习丹等.桉叶止咳糖浆的药效学研究[J].江西医药,44 (3):209-210.
[72]平开俊.桉叶在兽医临床上的应用[J].云南畜牧兽医,1995,4:19.
[73]叶舟.四种林木精油的抑菌活性[J].福建农林大学学报,2007,36 (3):312-315.
[74]吴剑峰.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:10.
[75]李仪奎.中药药理实验方法学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991:288-289.
[76]卢艳花.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[77]侯永清,张挺.不同提取工艺对中草药抑菌效果的影响[J].饲料工业,2003,24 (2):9-10.
[78]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,1-7.
[79]邬苏晓,肖正中,李淑仪.20种中药草水提物的体外抑菌实验[J].安徽农业科学,2008, 36 (19): 8104-8105.
[80]陈百泉,孙慧玲,许启泰.双黄连含片的抗菌作用[J].河南大学学报,2002,21 (3): 22-28.
[81]王洪杰,潘红祚.通过双黄连制剂研究探讨中药现代化发展[J].黑龙江医药,2004,17 (5): 379-380.
[82]付文卫,赵春杰.桉属植物的化学成分与生物活性[J].外国医药:植物药分册,2003,18 (2) : 51-58.
[83]广州市药品检验所,主编.中草药制剂检验技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1978:89-98.
[84]北京中医学院,主编.中药化学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1976.
[85]石任兵,李祥,主编.中药化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[86]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[87]吴剑峰,主编.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.
[88]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术第二版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:1-11.
[89]陈晓青,蒋新宇,刘佳佳,主编.中草药成分分离分析技术与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006: 254-262.
[90]谭仁祥.植物成分功能[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[91]段淑娥,李敏.中草药中蒽醌化合物的研究进展[J].西安文理学院学报,2005,8 (1): 24-27.
[92]潘志海,钟振国.中药抗菌有效成分的研究进展[J].西部药学,2003,3 (6):357-359.
[93]袁彬.中草药有效化学成分的一般特性和功能[J].中兽医学杂志,2005 (6):40-41.
[94]刘华钢,申庆荣,刘丽敏.中药抗菌研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(2):463-465.
[95]王道琨.常见抗菌中草药的有效成分及应用[J].兽药市场指南,2005,6:22-23.
[96]王岳峰,余延春.大叶桉黄酮类化合物的分析及抑菌活性的研究[J].中医药学刊, 2004,22 (11): 21-35.
[97]孙健,吴国娟.抗菌中药的作用机理研究进展[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43 (2):42-43.
[98]王慧云,孙珊珊,王雪等.提高芦丁提取效率的优化设计[J].济宁医学院学报,2009,4 (32):235-238.
[99]刘玉明,李素芳,吴玉田.桉属药用植物资源调查[J].中草药,2003,34 (10): 957-958.
[100]盛明智.桉叶的药理作用及临床应用[J].中国新医药,2004,3 (10): 86-87.
[101]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学第二版[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:201-206.
[102]李仪奎.中药实验方法学[M].上海:科学技术出版社出版,1991:528-532.
[103]孙敬方.动物实验方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002: 359-363.
[104]郭向群,曹建民.蓝桉和大叶桉不同部位中的挥发油含量测定[J].卫生职业教育,2003,21(2):124.
[105]朱晓平.试述中药的毒性成分及其毒理作用[J].湖南中医药导报,2003,9 (11):48.
[106]许小微.有毒中药的毒性分级探述[J].浙江中医杂志,2006,41 (5):308.
[107]王亚南.中药毒性之我所见[J].河南中医2004,24 (12):6-8.
[108]张洋,张艳丽.中药毒性的研究概述[J].现代经济信息,2009,12:238.
[109]谈满良,周立刚,汪冶等.桃金娘科植物抗菌成分的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2005,33: 225-229.
[110]包承玉,邵春荣,黄熙.桉叶及桉叶提取物饲喂蛋鸡试验[J].江苏农业科学,1989,10:16.
[111]包承玉,谢云敏,宋永芳.按树叶的营养成分及其评价[J].林产化学与工业,1989,4:49-54.
[112]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 33-2004.
[113]崔向东,魏连军.中草药添加剂的作用[J].养殖顾问,2009,1:110.
[114]李吉吉,董俊,张艳春等.中草药饲料添加剂在鸡生产上的应用[J].现代畜牧兽医,2009,1:19-20.
[115]李银生,田素民,唐岩,等.褪黑素对吗啡依赖小鼠肝损害的治疗作用[J].中国药物依赖性杂志, 2001,10(4):264-267.
[116]张丽敏,吴灶和,简纪常等.恩诺沙星对红笛鲷血清中碱性磷酸酶活力、抗体IgM含量,溶菌酶含量及其抗菌能力的影响[J].水产养殖,2009,30(4):1-7.
[117]张兆华.中草药添加剂有效成分及免疫机理的研究[J].中国饲料,1997, (13): 20-22.
[118]何耀松,张继东.桉树化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28 (7): 98-101.
[119] Aarujo AS , Riberiro MF , Enzveiler A , et , al. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and concent ration and glutathione metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism [J] .Mol Cell Endocrinol , 2006 ,249 :133.
[120] Al J assabi S. Effect of met hylglyoxal on antioxidant enzymes of the liver and spleen of t he mice [J]. International Journal of Biological Sciences ,2004 ,4 (5) :605-608.
[121] Holovska K,Boldizarova K,Cekonova S. Antioxidantenzyme activities in liver tissue of chickens fed diet s supplemented with various forms and amount s of selenium [J] . Journal of Animal Feed Science ,2003 ,12(1) :143-152.
[122]王吉磊,袁缨,高燕妮等.茶多酚和Vc对肉仔鸡血清抗氧化指标和生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39 (3): 332-335. [123 ] Kinnula V L ,Crapo J D ,Raivio K O. Generation and disposal of reactive oxygen metabolites inlung [J ] . Laboratory Investigation ,1995 ,73 (1) :3-19.
[124]何耀松,张继东.桉树化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28 (7): 98-101.
[2]Ran X D.Comprehensive Lexicon of Chinese Materia Media(中华药海) [M]. Harbin: Harbin publishing House, 1998.
[3]药典委员会编.中华人民共和国药典一部[S].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:227.
[4]宋立人,洪恂,丁绪亮等,主编.现代中药学大辞典(下册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2001, 5: 1669- 1671.
[5]郭丹丽.中草药饲料添加剂应用的研究[J].养殖天地,2009,4:40-41.
[6]黄泰康.常见中草药成分与药理手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994:178.
[7]李呈敏.中草药饲料添加剂[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.5-30.
[8]李建志,刘旭红,杨丽珍,等.11种中药草抗菌作用实验研究[J].中医药信息,2009,26(3):82-83.
[9]李京晶,籍保平,李博,等.十味中草药提取液的体外抗菌活性研究[J].食品科学, 2006, 27 (04): 147-150.
[10]刘宏伟,关瑞章,黄文树.不同加工处理中草药对鳗鲡主要致病菌的抗菌效果[J].集美大学学报, 2009, 14, (3): 19-23.
[11]张显忠,郭爱军,王德才等.丁香等中草药有效成分的提取方法和抗菌活性关系的研究[J].泰山医学院学报, 2008, 29 (10): 760-763.
[12]张敬礼,付关民.中草药饲料添加剂对鸡生产性能的影响[J].畜禽生产,2005,3:24-25.
[13]史万玉,包永占,郝延刚,等.中药复方禽球虫灵抗鸡柔嫩艾美球虫的效果[J].中国兽医科技, 2003,50:23-25.
[14]Choi Il,Hyung Soo Chang,Young Min Yun, et al.Antimicrobial activity of medicinal herbs against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella gallinarum[J].Korean journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology,2002,30(2):17-183.
[15]王进友.添加“保健助长散”饲养肉仔鸡的效果观察[J].中兽医医药杂志,1998(2):3-5.
[16]范丽,胡公政.十一种中草药对常见病原菌的体外抑菌试验[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001, 1:8-9.
[17]李平兰,吕燕妮,郑海涛,等.中药对鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].饲料研究,2003,50:29-31.
[18]吕武兴,贺建华,王建辉.杜仲提取物对三黄鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2007,19(1):61-65.
[19]Guo FC, Williams BA, Kwakkel Rp, et al. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens [J]. poultry Science, 2004,83(2):175-182.
[20]何丹林,温刘发,俞新华,等.鱼腥草复合剂替代金霉素对粤黄鸡饲用效果的初探[J].华南农业大学学报,2003,24(1):67-69.
[21]段福君,何若钢,李秀宝,等.中草药添加剂在猪生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2009,4:54-56.
[22]刘岭.三颗针提取物替代抗生素在断奶仔猪饲粮中的应用研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[23]张世昌,王志祥,孙永刚,等.复方中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(12):166-169.
[24]曹国文,代勤,戴荣国,等.中草药添加剂对断奶猪肠道菌群与生产性能的影响[J].中国兽医科技, 2003, 33(11): 54-58.
[25]董世山,蔡辉益,刘作华,等.几种中药复方提取物对仔猪腹泻的防治作用及相关机理[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):60-64.
[26]张秀英,王新,李存国.中草药添加剂仔猪健预防仔猪黄白痢及增重作用研究[J].中兽医医药杂志,2001,3:12-13.
[27]张孝清,曹文斌,孙子龙,等.中草药添加剂的抗菌及促生长效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33 (9):18-19.
[28]周圻,莫灿坤,李翔,等.中草药添加剂对奶牛乳腺炎的治疗及对产奶量和乳品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2005(1):87-89.
[29]麻延峰,王宏艳.中草药饲料添加剂提高奶牛产奶量效果研究[J].家畜生态学报,2005(2): 37-38.
[30]陈慧云.“增乳散”的研究及应用观察[J].中兽医医药杂志,1995(4):9-10.
[31]谢仲权.抗菌促生长中草药饲料添加剂[J].20-23.
[32]颜卉,郗伟斌,等.中药复方制剂抗鸡球虫效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(6):68-69.
[33]金光明,丁希强.直杀球虫与强力灭球王对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效观察[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2004,31(12):42-44.
[34]周树芹.中草药制剂防治鸡白痢病的研究进展[J].黑龙江农业工程职业学院学报,2005,1: 65-68.
[35]石新辉,王娜.中草药饲料添加剂的应用现状及前景[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005,7:44-45.
[36]刘忠宽,智建飞,李英杰,等.中草药饲料添加剂研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2005,9 (2) :73-77.
[37]王天奇,范文利,等.中药煎剂抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果研究[J].中兽医医药杂志, 2005, (2): 29-31.
[38]关玛丽,李振勇,左玉花,等.中药娄仁对大肠杆菌质粒(HB101/PBR322)消除作用简报[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,1995,1:25.
[39]刘天龙,郭世宁,刘钟杰.中草药防治禽大肠杆菌病的研究进展[J].山东家禽,2004(9):41-43.
[40]王思芦,杨柳,曾中良,等.中药消除致病性大肠杆菌耐药性研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008, 35(10):79-81.
[41]陈群,王胜春.黄芩和黄连对大肠杆菌R质粒的实验研究[J].广东医学院报,1998,16(1-2): 1-3.
[42]彭元丽,邹坤,陈国华.中药消除大肠杆菌耐药质粒研究[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(1):139-140.
[43]韩伟,张铁,钟秀会.中药对细菌R质粒消除作用的研究概况[J].中国畜牧兽医2006,33(8): 52-54.
[44]刘政,刘万钧.中草药饲料添加剂应用技术研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008,29(6):41-43.
[45]李锋涛.中草药饲料添加剂在养殖业中的应用进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008,29(3):19-22.
[46]Hill K D, Johnson L A S .Systematic studies in the eucalypts-7 .A revision of the bloodwoods genus Corymbia(Myrtaceae)[J].Telopea,1995,6(2-3):185-504.
[47]罗伟强,李小燕,刘宝.环江蓝桉树叶挥发油主要成分的GS/MS分析[J].工程技术及材料.138-139.
[48]汤洪波,周欣,雷培海,等.黔产蓝桉果实挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析[J].分析测试学报,2005, 24:97-98.
[49]孙汉董,丁靖垲,丁立生,等.桉叶油的化学成分[J].云南植物研究,1985,7(3):351-354.
[50]陈燕銮,刘秋琼,林秋晓,等.三种不同产地桉叶挥发油提取及其成分分析[J].医药导报,2009, 28 (7): 852-853.
[51]宋爱华,王颖,刘艳梅.蓝桉叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析研究[J].视频与药品,2009, 11 (01):30-32.
[52]田玉红,刘雄民,周永红,等.圆角桉叶精油的化学成分[J].食品科学,2007,28 (01):36-38.
[53]王真辉,陈秋波,刘小香,等.刚果12号桉叶挥发油化学成分及其生物活性[J].热带作物学报, 2007,28 (3):108-114.
[54]田玉红,刘雄民,周永红,等.邓恩桉叶挥发性成分的提取及分析[J].南京林业大学学报,2006, 30 (2):55-58.
[55]王晗光,张建,杨婉身,等.气相色谱-质谱法分析巨桉叶的挥发性化感成分[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24 (1):51-54.
[56]Hou AJ , et al. Hydro ;yzable tannins and related polyohenols from Eucalyptus globulus[J] . J-Asian-Nat-prod-Res,2000, 2(3):205.
[57]陈斌,等.蓝桉果实化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27 (8):596.
[58]Kim J P, et al.Ellagic acid rhamnosides from the stem bark of Eucalyptus globulus globulus[J]. phytochemistry, 2001, 57 (4):587.
[59]杨东升,黄蓓蕾,谢晓红,等.海南桉叶黄酮提取方法研究[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,(6):13-116.
[60]陈海,田宏,肖苏尧,等.桉叶抗氧化物的提取与抗氧化性质研究[J].湖南林业科技,2009, 36 (2): 25-29.
[61]倪木兰,孙万邦.桉叶油体外抗菌作用的初步研究[J].遵义医学院学报,1995,18 (3):178-180.
[62]凌天冀,唐俊杰.桉叶油与其它药物的联合抗菌作用[J].经济林研究,1994,12 :54-55.
[63]Dominique.精油的抗病毒和抗微生物作用[J].香料香精化妆品,2002, 5 : 40-45.
[64]施爱群,李艳平,肖瑞桃,等.南特桉体外抗菌试验研究[J].武汉大学学报,2003,23 (4):343-345.
[65]曾荣,徐艳.几种桉叶提取物的抗菌活性研究[J].中国林副特产,2006,6:15-17.
[66]任鸿春,王文魁,韩克光,等.桉叶水提醇沉液抗菌效果的研究[J].当代畜牧,2006,1:52.
[67]王岳峰,余延春,杨国军,等.大叶桉黄酮类化合物的分析及抑菌活性的研究[J].中医药学刊,2004, 22 (11):2135-2143.
[68]杨东升,李会萍,谢晓红,等.海南桉叶提取物熊果醇和桉叶油的已经特性研究[J].化学与生物工程,2009,26 (12):60-62.
[69]黄伊颖.桉叶注射液对猪链球菌病的临床应用试验[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2009,7:21.
[70]刘睿芬,陈莉莉,白峰,等.复方桉叶注射剂对金黄色葡萄球菌型小鼠乳腺炎的影响[J].中国奶牛,2009,11:43-45.
[71]赵宝玲,胡建新,习丹等.桉叶止咳糖浆的药效学研究[J].江西医药,44 (3):209-210.
[72]平开俊.桉叶在兽医临床上的应用[J].云南畜牧兽医,1995,4:19.
[73]叶舟.四种林木精油的抑菌活性[J].福建农林大学学报,2007,36 (3):312-315.
[74]吴剑峰.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:10.
[75]李仪奎.中药药理实验方法学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991:288-289.
[76]卢艳花.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[77]侯永清,张挺.不同提取工艺对中草药抑菌效果的影响[J].饲料工业,2003,24 (2):9-10.
[78]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,1-7.
[79]邬苏晓,肖正中,李淑仪.20种中药草水提物的体外抑菌实验[J].安徽农业科学,2008, 36 (19): 8104-8105.
[80]陈百泉,孙慧玲,许启泰.双黄连含片的抗菌作用[J].河南大学学报,2002,21 (3): 22-28.
[81]王洪杰,潘红祚.通过双黄连制剂研究探讨中药现代化发展[J].黑龙江医药,2004,17 (5): 379-380.
[82]付文卫,赵春杰.桉属植物的化学成分与生物活性[J].外国医药:植物药分册,2003,18 (2) : 51-58.
[83]广州市药品检验所,主编.中草药制剂检验技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1978:89-98.
[84]北京中医学院,主编.中药化学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1976.
[85]石任兵,李祥,主编.中药化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[86]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[87]吴剑峰,主编.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.
[88]卢艳花,主编.中药有效成分提取分离技术第二版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:1-11.
[89]陈晓青,蒋新宇,刘佳佳,主编.中草药成分分离分析技术与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006: 254-262.
[90]谭仁祥.植物成分功能[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[91]段淑娥,李敏.中草药中蒽醌化合物的研究进展[J].西安文理学院学报,2005,8 (1): 24-27.
[92]潘志海,钟振国.中药抗菌有效成分的研究进展[J].西部药学,2003,3 (6):357-359.
[93]袁彬.中草药有效化学成分的一般特性和功能[J].中兽医学杂志,2005 (6):40-41.
[94]刘华钢,申庆荣,刘丽敏.中药抗菌研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(2):463-465.
[95]王道琨.常见抗菌中草药的有效成分及应用[J].兽药市场指南,2005,6:22-23.
[96]王岳峰,余延春.大叶桉黄酮类化合物的分析及抑菌活性的研究[J].中医药学刊, 2004,22 (11): 21-35.
[97]孙健,吴国娟.抗菌中药的作用机理研究进展[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43 (2):42-43.
[98]王慧云,孙珊珊,王雪等.提高芦丁提取效率的优化设计[J].济宁医学院学报,2009,4 (32):235-238.
[99]刘玉明,李素芳,吴玉田.桉属药用植物资源调查[J].中草药,2003,34 (10): 957-958.
[100]盛明智.桉叶的药理作用及临床应用[J].中国新医药,2004,3 (10): 86-87.
[101]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学第二版[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:201-206.
[102]李仪奎.中药实验方法学[M].上海:科学技术出版社出版,1991:528-532.
[103]孙敬方.动物实验方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002: 359-363.
[104]郭向群,曹建民.蓝桉和大叶桉不同部位中的挥发油含量测定[J].卫生职业教育,2003,21(2):124.
[105]朱晓平.试述中药的毒性成分及其毒理作用[J].湖南中医药导报,2003,9 (11):48.
[106]许小微.有毒中药的毒性分级探述[J].浙江中医杂志,2006,41 (5):308.
[107]王亚南.中药毒性之我所见[J].河南中医2004,24 (12):6-8.
[108]张洋,张艳丽.中药毒性的研究概述[J].现代经济信息,2009,12:238.
[109]谈满良,周立刚,汪冶等.桃金娘科植物抗菌成分的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2005,33: 225-229.
[110]包承玉,邵春荣,黄熙.桉叶及桉叶提取物饲喂蛋鸡试验[J].江苏农业科学,1989,10:16.
[111]包承玉,谢云敏,宋永芳.按树叶的营养成分及其评价[J].林产化学与工业,1989,4:49-54.
[112]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 33-2004.
[113]崔向东,魏连军.中草药添加剂的作用[J].养殖顾问,2009,1:110.
[114]李吉吉,董俊,张艳春等.中草药饲料添加剂在鸡生产上的应用[J].现代畜牧兽医,2009,1:19-20.
[115]李银生,田素民,唐岩,等.褪黑素对吗啡依赖小鼠肝损害的治疗作用[J].中国药物依赖性杂志, 2001,10(4):264-267.
[116]张丽敏,吴灶和,简纪常等.恩诺沙星对红笛鲷血清中碱性磷酸酶活力、抗体IgM含量,溶菌酶含量及其抗菌能力的影响[J].水产养殖,2009,30(4):1-7.
[117]张兆华.中草药添加剂有效成分及免疫机理的研究[J].中国饲料,1997, (13): 20-22.
[118]何耀松,张继东.桉树化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28 (7): 98-101.
[119] Aarujo AS , Riberiro MF , Enzveiler A , et , al. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and concent ration and glutathione metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism [J] .Mol Cell Endocrinol , 2006 ,249 :133.
[120] Al J assabi S. Effect of met hylglyoxal on antioxidant enzymes of the liver and spleen of t he mice [J]. International Journal of Biological Sciences ,2004 ,4 (5) :605-608.
[121] Holovska K,Boldizarova K,Cekonova S. Antioxidantenzyme activities in liver tissue of chickens fed diet s supplemented with various forms and amount s of selenium [J] . Journal of Animal Feed Science ,2003 ,12(1) :143-152.
[122]王吉磊,袁缨,高燕妮等.茶多酚和Vc对肉仔鸡血清抗氧化指标和生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39 (3): 332-335. [123 ] Kinnula V L ,Crapo J D ,Raivio K O. Generation and disposal of reactive oxygen metabolites inlung [J ] . Laboratory Investigation ,1995 ,73 (1) :3-19.
[124]何耀松,张继东.桉树化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28 (7): 98-101.