不同光源对棉花、油菜和不结球白菜组培苗与实生苗生长的影响
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摘要
光是影响植物生长最重要的环境因子,植物通过光受体接受光质、光强和光照时间的变化,调控生长发育、形态建成、光合作用和物质代谢等方面。发光二极管(light emitting diodes,LEDs)光源对一些花卉、水果和药用植物组培苗培养的应用已有报道,但是对于农作物组培苗以及实生苗培养的应用效应及机理研究较少。LEDs是一种新型高效的节能光源,具有体积小、寿命长、耗能低、波长精确可调和低发热等优点,能根据植物需要进行发光光谱的精确配置,因此适合可控环境的植物栽培和培养。目前国外已有一些关于LEDs光源对植物生长影响的效应与机理研究,但是国内在这方面的研究较少,而且不同的植物或品种对光的响应不同。因此,研究植物对光的响应还需要从幼苗发育的变化等方面进行深入探讨,以推动LEDs光源在植物组织培养、人工育苗和设施栽培中的应用。
本研究分别以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)、甘蓝型油莱(Brassica napus L.)和不结球白菜(Brassica rapa L.)为试验材料,研究了不同光源对组培苗和实生苗的生长和发育的影响,筛选出适合陆地棉和甘蓝型油菜组织培养、陆地棉人工育苗和和不结球白菜设施栽培的LEDs光源。
主要研究结果如下：
1.对陆地棉组培苗的试验表明,陆地棉组培苗的千重、鲜重、茎长和第二节间距的长度在蓝红组合1:1LEDs光源下最大,蓝光LEDs下次之,在荧光灯下最小。陆地棉组培苗叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片厚度、栅栏组织长度、叶面积和气孔面积在蓝光LEDs下最大。根系活力、叶片的蔗糖、淀粉和可溶性糖含量在红光LEDs下最大。蓝红组合1:1LEDs和蓝光LEDs是适合陆地棉组培苗生长的光源。
2.对陆地棉实生苗的试验表明,陆地棉实生苗的鲜重、干重、根长和茎粗在蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最大,叶绿体中的基粒片层明显增厚。陆地棉实生苗叶片栅栏组织的长度、叶片厚度、气孔面积、光合速率和叶绿素含量在蓝光LEDs下最大。叶片的蔗糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量在红光LEDs下最大,叶绿体中的淀粉粒明显增大增多。蓝红组合1:8LEDs是适合陆地棉实生苗生长的光源。
3.对甘蓝型油菜组培苗的试验表明,甘蓝型油菜组培苗的的分化率、鲜重、干重、叶片的叶绿素含量、蔗糖、可溶性糖、栅栏组织长度、海绵组织长度、上表皮气孔长度、下表皮气孔频度和移栽成活率在蓝红组合3:1LEDs下最大；增殖率在蓝光LEDs下最大。甘蓝型油菜组培苗的茎长、淀粉含量和叶片厚度在红光LEDs下最大。蓝红组合3:1LEDs是适合甘蓝型油菜组培苗生长的光源。
4.对不结球白菜实生苗的试验表明,在弱光下,不结球白菜实生苗地上部的干重、地下部的鲜重和干重在红光LEDs下最大,地上部的鲜重在蓝光LEDs下最大。在光强改变后,不结球白菜实生苗的地上部和地下部的鲜重在红光LEDs下最大,地上部和地下部的干重在蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最大。光强发生改变后,不结球白菜实生苗叶片中的淀粉含量在红光LEDs下最大,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸和可溶性蛋白的含量在蓝光LEDs下最大。花蕾和开花数量在红光LEDs和蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最多,开花持续的时间最长。与荧光灯相比,发光二极管光源对不结球白菜实生苗的营养生长和生殖生长更有效,蓝光LEDs有利于营养生长,红光LEDs和蓝红组合1:8LEDs有利于生殖生长。
综上所述,蓝红组合1:1LEDs和蓝光LEDs有利于陆地棉组培苗和甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生长；蓝红组合1:8LEDs有利于陆地棉实生苗的生长。蓝红组合1:8LEDs和红光LEDs有利于不结球白菜实生苗的生长,使其提早开花。蓝光LEDs有利于不结球白菜实生苗的营养生长.因此,LEDs光谱调控技术可以广泛应用在陆地棉和不结球白菜的工厂化育苗和栽培以及陆地棉和甘蓝型油菜的组织培养中。
Light is one of the most important environmental factors, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, morphogenesis and metabolism. Plants controlled the diverse growth and developmental responses to light parameters, such as spectrum, intensity, direction and duration by an array of photoreceptors. LEDs (light-emitting diodes) has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wave length and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plants, so that it can be widely used in seedling breeding, vegetables cultivation and plant tissue culture. There are some previous studies of LEDs affecting flower, fruit and medicinal plantlets in vitro, however little is known about the effects of crop seedlings and plantlets in vitro. Spectral light changes evoke different morphogenetic and photosynthetic responses that can vary among different plant species. Thus, it is necessary to study the effects of LEDs on crop growth and development, so that promoting the application of LEDs lights widely used in seedling breeding, vegetables cultivation, upland cotton and plant tissue culture.
In this study, upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plantlets in vitro, upland cotton and non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.) seedlings were tested to investigate the effects of light sources on growth and development of plants, and select the feasibility of application of LEDs light used in cotton seedling breeding, non-heading Chinese cabbage vegetable cultivation, cotton and rapeseed plant tissue culture.
Main research results were as follows:
1. Effects of different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights on growth and morphogenesis of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plantlets in vitro were investigated. The results showed that fresh weight, dry weight, stem length and second internode length were greatest in plantlets cultured under the blue plus red LEDs (B:R=1:1) light, followed by blue LEDs light, and they were lowest in plantlets cultured under a fluorescent lamps. Chlorophyll content, leaf thickness, palisade tissue length, leaf and stomata area were highest in plantlets cultured under blue LEDs light. Root activity, sucrose, starch and soluble sugar contents were highest in plantlets cultured under red LEDs light. Blue and red LEDs (B:R=1:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of upland cotton plantlets in vitro.
2. The effects of different light sources on growth of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings were investigated. The results showed that fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem width were greatest in seedlings grown under blue plus red (B:R=1:8) LEDs, and lowest were greatest in seedlings grown under fluorescent lamps. Palisade-tissue length, leaf thickness, stomatal area, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content were greatest in seedlings grown under blue LEDs. When seedlings were grown under red LEDs, the palisade tissue and spongy tissue were loose, starch grains accumulated significantly in the chloroplasts and sucrose, soluble-sugar and starch concentrations were highest. A mixture of blue and red LEDs in the ratio B:R=1:8facilitated the growth of upland cotton seedlings.
3. The effects of the six light sources on growth and morphogenesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plantlets in vitro were investigated. The results showed that the differentiation rate, fresh and dry masses, concentrations of pigments, sucrose, soluble sugar, stem diameter, leaf stomata length of abaxial surface, stomata frequency of adaxial surface and transplantion rate were greatest in plantlets cultured under B:R=3:1LEDs light. Stem length, content of starch and leaf thickness were highest in plantlets cultured under red LEDs light. The proliferation rate was greatest under blue LEDs light. Blue plus red LEDs (B:R=3:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of rapeseed plantlets in vitro.
4. The effects of different light sources on non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.) seedlings were surveyed. The results showed thatshoot dry weight, root fresh and dry weight was greatest when seedlings grown under red LEDs at low light. The shoot fresh weight was greatest under blue LEDs. When seedlings grown under the altered PPF level, shoot and root fresh weight was greatest under red LEDs. Shoot and root dry weight was greatest under blue plus red LEDs. In the case of the altered PPF level during growth, the starch content was greatest under red LEDs. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were greatest under blue LEDs. When altered the PPF level, the ascorbic acid and souble protein were greatest under blue LEDs. The number of flower was highest under red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs, and the number of flower bud was higher under LEDs than that under fluorescent lamps, and especially blue LEDs. The period of flower was highest under red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs. LEDs light sources were more effective than fluorescent lamps for the vegetable and procreation growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage, and blue LEDs can be used for vegetable growth, red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs can be used for the procreation growth.
In conclude, blue puls red (B:R=1:1) and blue LEDs were the best lights for the growth of upland cotton plantlets, blue puls red (B:R=1:8) LEDs was the best light for the growth of upland cotton seedlings. Blue plus red (B:R=3:1) LEDs was the best light for growth of rapeseed plantlets. Blue LEDs was the best light for vegetable growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings, red LEDs and blue plus red (B:R=1:8) LEDs were the best lights for the procreation growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings. This study demonstrated the feasibility of application of LEDs lights being widely used in upland cotton seedling breeding, non-heading Chinese cabbage vegetables cultivation, upland cotton and rapeseed plant tissue culture.
本研究分别以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)、甘蓝型油莱(Brassica napus L.)和不结球白菜(Brassica rapa L.)为试验材料,研究了不同光源对组培苗和实生苗的生长和发育的影响,筛选出适合陆地棉和甘蓝型油菜组织培养、陆地棉人工育苗和和不结球白菜设施栽培的LEDs光源。
主要研究结果如下：
1.对陆地棉组培苗的试验表明,陆地棉组培苗的千重、鲜重、茎长和第二节间距的长度在蓝红组合1:1LEDs光源下最大,蓝光LEDs下次之,在荧光灯下最小。陆地棉组培苗叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片厚度、栅栏组织长度、叶面积和气孔面积在蓝光LEDs下最大。根系活力、叶片的蔗糖、淀粉和可溶性糖含量在红光LEDs下最大。蓝红组合1:1LEDs和蓝光LEDs是适合陆地棉组培苗生长的光源。
2.对陆地棉实生苗的试验表明,陆地棉实生苗的鲜重、干重、根长和茎粗在蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最大,叶绿体中的基粒片层明显增厚。陆地棉实生苗叶片栅栏组织的长度、叶片厚度、气孔面积、光合速率和叶绿素含量在蓝光LEDs下最大。叶片的蔗糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量在红光LEDs下最大,叶绿体中的淀粉粒明显增大增多。蓝红组合1:8LEDs是适合陆地棉实生苗生长的光源。
3.对甘蓝型油菜组培苗的试验表明,甘蓝型油菜组培苗的的分化率、鲜重、干重、叶片的叶绿素含量、蔗糖、可溶性糖、栅栏组织长度、海绵组织长度、上表皮气孔长度、下表皮气孔频度和移栽成活率在蓝红组合3:1LEDs下最大；增殖率在蓝光LEDs下最大。甘蓝型油菜组培苗的茎长、淀粉含量和叶片厚度在红光LEDs下最大。蓝红组合3:1LEDs是适合甘蓝型油菜组培苗生长的光源。
4.对不结球白菜实生苗的试验表明,在弱光下,不结球白菜实生苗地上部的干重、地下部的鲜重和干重在红光LEDs下最大,地上部的鲜重在蓝光LEDs下最大。在光强改变后,不结球白菜实生苗的地上部和地下部的鲜重在红光LEDs下最大,地上部和地下部的干重在蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最大。光强发生改变后,不结球白菜实生苗叶片中的淀粉含量在红光LEDs下最大,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸和可溶性蛋白的含量在蓝光LEDs下最大。花蕾和开花数量在红光LEDs和蓝红组合1:8LEDs下最多,开花持续的时间最长。与荧光灯相比,发光二极管光源对不结球白菜实生苗的营养生长和生殖生长更有效,蓝光LEDs有利于营养生长,红光LEDs和蓝红组合1:8LEDs有利于生殖生长。
综上所述,蓝红组合1:1LEDs和蓝光LEDs有利于陆地棉组培苗和甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生长；蓝红组合1:8LEDs有利于陆地棉实生苗的生长。蓝红组合1:8LEDs和红光LEDs有利于不结球白菜实生苗的生长,使其提早开花。蓝光LEDs有利于不结球白菜实生苗的营养生长.因此,LEDs光谱调控技术可以广泛应用在陆地棉和不结球白菜的工厂化育苗和栽培以及陆地棉和甘蓝型油菜的组织培养中。
Light is one of the most important environmental factors, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, morphogenesis and metabolism. Plants controlled the diverse growth and developmental responses to light parameters, such as spectrum, intensity, direction and duration by an array of photoreceptors. LEDs (light-emitting diodes) has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wave length and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plants, so that it can be widely used in seedling breeding, vegetables cultivation and plant tissue culture. There are some previous studies of LEDs affecting flower, fruit and medicinal plantlets in vitro, however little is known about the effects of crop seedlings and plantlets in vitro. Spectral light changes evoke different morphogenetic and photosynthetic responses that can vary among different plant species. Thus, it is necessary to study the effects of LEDs on crop growth and development, so that promoting the application of LEDs lights widely used in seedling breeding, vegetables cultivation, upland cotton and plant tissue culture.
In this study, upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plantlets in vitro, upland cotton and non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.) seedlings were tested to investigate the effects of light sources on growth and development of plants, and select the feasibility of application of LEDs light used in cotton seedling breeding, non-heading Chinese cabbage vegetable cultivation, cotton and rapeseed plant tissue culture.
Main research results were as follows:
1. Effects of different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights on growth and morphogenesis of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plantlets in vitro were investigated. The results showed that fresh weight, dry weight, stem length and second internode length were greatest in plantlets cultured under the blue plus red LEDs (B:R=1:1) light, followed by blue LEDs light, and they were lowest in plantlets cultured under a fluorescent lamps. Chlorophyll content, leaf thickness, palisade tissue length, leaf and stomata area were highest in plantlets cultured under blue LEDs light. Root activity, sucrose, starch and soluble sugar contents were highest in plantlets cultured under red LEDs light. Blue and red LEDs (B:R=1:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of upland cotton plantlets in vitro.
2. The effects of different light sources on growth of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings were investigated. The results showed that fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem width were greatest in seedlings grown under blue plus red (B:R=1:8) LEDs, and lowest were greatest in seedlings grown under fluorescent lamps. Palisade-tissue length, leaf thickness, stomatal area, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content were greatest in seedlings grown under blue LEDs. When seedlings were grown under red LEDs, the palisade tissue and spongy tissue were loose, starch grains accumulated significantly in the chloroplasts and sucrose, soluble-sugar and starch concentrations were highest. A mixture of blue and red LEDs in the ratio B:R=1:8facilitated the growth of upland cotton seedlings.
3. The effects of the six light sources on growth and morphogenesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plantlets in vitro were investigated. The results showed that the differentiation rate, fresh and dry masses, concentrations of pigments, sucrose, soluble sugar, stem diameter, leaf stomata length of abaxial surface, stomata frequency of adaxial surface and transplantion rate were greatest in plantlets cultured under B:R=3:1LEDs light. Stem length, content of starch and leaf thickness were highest in plantlets cultured under red LEDs light. The proliferation rate was greatest under blue LEDs light. Blue plus red LEDs (B:R=3:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of rapeseed plantlets in vitro.
4. The effects of different light sources on non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.) seedlings were surveyed. The results showed thatshoot dry weight, root fresh and dry weight was greatest when seedlings grown under red LEDs at low light. The shoot fresh weight was greatest under blue LEDs. When seedlings grown under the altered PPF level, shoot and root fresh weight was greatest under red LEDs. Shoot and root dry weight was greatest under blue plus red LEDs. In the case of the altered PPF level during growth, the starch content was greatest under red LEDs. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were greatest under blue LEDs. When altered the PPF level, the ascorbic acid and souble protein were greatest under blue LEDs. The number of flower was highest under red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs, and the number of flower bud was higher under LEDs than that under fluorescent lamps, and especially blue LEDs. The period of flower was highest under red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs. LEDs light sources were more effective than fluorescent lamps for the vegetable and procreation growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage, and blue LEDs can be used for vegetable growth, red LEDs and blue plus red LEDs can be used for the procreation growth.
In conclude, blue puls red (B:R=1:1) and blue LEDs were the best lights for the growth of upland cotton plantlets, blue puls red (B:R=1:8) LEDs was the best light for the growth of upland cotton seedlings. Blue plus red (B:R=3:1) LEDs was the best light for growth of rapeseed plantlets. Blue LEDs was the best light for vegetable growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings, red LEDs and blue plus red (B:R=1:8) LEDs were the best lights for the procreation growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings. This study demonstrated the feasibility of application of LEDs lights being widely used in upland cotton seedling breeding, non-heading Chinese cabbage vegetables cultivation, upland cotton and rapeseed plant tissue culture.
引文
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