增强UV-B辐射对青榨槭和红桦幼苗生长和生理生态的影响
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摘要
在中国科学院茂县生态站选择2年生青榨槭与红桦幼苗进行室外盆栽实验,以人工增强0.27μw·cm-2·s-1(7.7 kJ·m-2·d-1)的UV-B辐射剂量,模拟当地平流层臭氧削减15%时近地面太阳UV-B的增强,研究增强UV-B辐射对两种阔叶树幼苗生长与生理生态特性的影响。试验期间观测幼苗生长、形态,测定气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数,并取样测定色素、营养元素、UV吸收物质及解剖结构,研究结果表明:
1.增强UV-B辐射显著降低了两种幼苗的单叶展开、叶面积、叶片数、生物量,减慢青榨槭生长速率,在处理末期加快红桦生长速率。
2.增强UV-B辐射处理对青榨槭和红桦幼苗叶片的N、P含量没有显著影响。
3.增强UV-B辐射处理降低两种幼苗的叶绿素含量。增强UV-B辐射显著降低青榨槭叶片的最大净光合速率Pmax,显著增加暗呼吸速率Rd和光补偿点LCP,对表观量子产量a影响不明显; 对红桦叶片的最大净光合速率Pmax,光补偿点LCP没有显著影响,显著降低暗呼吸速率Rd和表观量子产量a。增强UV-B辐射处理降低青榨槭幼苗一日净光合速率和水分利用效率,以及原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSП); 对红桦一日净光合速率和水分利用效率没有显著影响,增加其原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSП)。
4增强UV-B辐射处理降低了两种幼苗UV-B吸收物质含量和类胡萝卜素含量,增加青榨槭表皮层厚度和红桦栅栏组织厚度。
(Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041) Abstract: At Maoxian Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences located in northwest Sichuan province, 2-year-old seedlings of two native maples (Acer davidii and Betula albo-sinensis) were potted and grown in the open. The plants received an enhanced UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) of 0.27μw·cm-2·s-1 (7.7 KJ·m-2·d-1) was applied with an artificial lamp system, which approximated the predicted enhanced UV-B reaching the earth surface when stratosphere ozone was depleted by 15% in the local area, and the control plant received the ambient UV-B. During the experimentation, the height and diameter of every seedling was measured, and the gas exchange was made to examine the capacity of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence were used to determine changes in the efficiency of light utilization for electron transport, the occurrence of photoinhibition of photosystem II photochemistry and the possibility of stomatal patchiness across leaves. Additionally, leaves were sampled to determine the chlorophylls, carotenoid and UV-absorbing compounds content. After four months’ treatments, the seedlings were sampled to determine the total biomass, leaf area, N and P content and morphological of transverse section .The results show as follows:
1 The total biomass, total leaf area, leaf number and single leaf expanding of both species were reduced by enhanced UV-B treatment.The enhanced UV-B radiation slowered the growth of Acer davidii and accelerate the growth of Betula albo-sinensis.
2 Enhanced UV-B had no singnificant effects on N and P contnts of both species.
3 Results showed that chlorophyll content of both species were marked reduced. The effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the photosynthesis of Acer davidii were that the maximal net photosynthetic rate was significantly lowered, the respiration rate and light compensation point were raised, but the quantum yield was not significantly affected. Simultaneity, the results showed that the enhanced UV-B had no effect on the maximal net photosynthetic rate and light compensation point of Betula albo-sinensis, lowered its respiration rate and quantum yield. The diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, quantum efficiency of photosystem II centers (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSП) of Acer davidii seedlings were reduced under enhanced UV-B radiation, while diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency of Betula albo-sinensis was unaffected and its quantum efficiency of photosystem II centers (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSП) were increased. 4 The enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the epidermis thickness of Acer davidii and palisade tissue thickness of Betula albo-sinensis. Contrary to what was expected, enhanced UV-B radiation decreased the carotenoid UV-absorbing compound content in leaves of both species suggesting a reduction in protection provided.
1.增强UV-B辐射显著降低了两种幼苗的单叶展开、叶面积、叶片数、生物量,减慢青榨槭生长速率,在处理末期加快红桦生长速率。
2.增强UV-B辐射处理对青榨槭和红桦幼苗叶片的N、P含量没有显著影响。
3.增强UV-B辐射处理降低两种幼苗的叶绿素含量。增强UV-B辐射显著降低青榨槭叶片的最大净光合速率Pmax,显著增加暗呼吸速率Rd和光补偿点LCP,对表观量子产量a影响不明显; 对红桦叶片的最大净光合速率Pmax,光补偿点LCP没有显著影响,显著降低暗呼吸速率Rd和表观量子产量a。增强UV-B辐射处理降低青榨槭幼苗一日净光合速率和水分利用效率,以及原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSП); 对红桦一日净光合速率和水分利用效率没有显著影响,增加其原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSП)。
4增强UV-B辐射处理降低了两种幼苗UV-B吸收物质含量和类胡萝卜素含量,增加青榨槭表皮层厚度和红桦栅栏组织厚度。
(Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041) Abstract: At Maoxian Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences located in northwest Sichuan province, 2-year-old seedlings of two native maples (Acer davidii and Betula albo-sinensis) were potted and grown in the open. The plants received an enhanced UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) of 0.27μw·cm-2·s-1 (7.7 KJ·m-2·d-1) was applied with an artificial lamp system, which approximated the predicted enhanced UV-B reaching the earth surface when stratosphere ozone was depleted by 15% in the local area, and the control plant received the ambient UV-B. During the experimentation, the height and diameter of every seedling was measured, and the gas exchange was made to examine the capacity of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence were used to determine changes in the efficiency of light utilization for electron transport, the occurrence of photoinhibition of photosystem II photochemistry and the possibility of stomatal patchiness across leaves. Additionally, leaves were sampled to determine the chlorophylls, carotenoid and UV-absorbing compounds content. After four months’ treatments, the seedlings were sampled to determine the total biomass, leaf area, N and P content and morphological of transverse section .The results show as follows:
1 The total biomass, total leaf area, leaf number and single leaf expanding of both species were reduced by enhanced UV-B treatment.The enhanced UV-B radiation slowered the growth of Acer davidii and accelerate the growth of Betula albo-sinensis.
2 Enhanced UV-B had no singnificant effects on N and P contnts of both species.
3 Results showed that chlorophyll content of both species were marked reduced. The effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the photosynthesis of Acer davidii were that the maximal net photosynthetic rate was significantly lowered, the respiration rate and light compensation point were raised, but the quantum yield was not significantly affected. Simultaneity, the results showed that the enhanced UV-B had no effect on the maximal net photosynthetic rate and light compensation point of Betula albo-sinensis, lowered its respiration rate and quantum yield. The diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, quantum efficiency of photosystem II centers (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSП) of Acer davidii seedlings were reduced under enhanced UV-B radiation, while diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency of Betula albo-sinensis was unaffected and its quantum efficiency of photosystem II centers (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSП) were increased. 4 The enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the epidermis thickness of Acer davidii and palisade tissue thickness of Betula albo-sinensis. Contrary to what was expected, enhanced UV-B radiation decreased the carotenoid UV-absorbing compound content in leaves of both species suggesting a reduction in protection provided.
引文
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