SHAPF与STATCOM并联系统特性分析
摘要
随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,电力电子装置和非线性负荷广泛用于工业控制领域,用户对电能质量的要求也越来越高,其中最为突出的是电网谐波污染和系统电压波动问题。电网谐波污染主要是由负荷的非线性造成,而系统电压波动主要是由于系统和负荷之间的无功功率不平衡引起的。因此,如何有效地对电网谐波和无功功率进行综合补偿就已成为了输配电技术中亟待解决的问题之一。本文提出了一种基于并联混合型有源电力滤波器(Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter, SHAPF)和静止同步补偿器(Static Synchronous Compensator, STATCOM)的谐波和无功综合补偿系统,在分别研究了SHAPF与STATCOM的工作原理和并联特性的基础上,分析了SHAPF与STATCOM并联系统的特性并针对系统控制的不足进行了改善,最后用MATLAB仿真软件搭建仿真模型进行验证。
本文主要工作包括以下内容:
1.分析了SHAPF和STATCOM的电路拓扑结构和工作原理;针对SHAPF和STATCOM各自的控制特点研究分析了它们的控制策略和关键参数选择方法。
2.分析了基于SHAPF和STATCOM的谐波和无功综合补偿系统的特性并对系统性能进行了改善;并针对负载变动时SHAPF输出容量不足,提出了变容量控制;针对STATCOM中逆变器的非线性使PI参数的选择较为困难,提出了模糊PI控制,使PI参数的选择具有自适应性。
3.用MATLAB软件搭建了仿真模型,分别验证了SHAPF的谐波抑制特性、STATCOM的无功功率补偿特性以及综合补偿系统对电网谐波和无功功率的控制特性。
With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, power electronic devices and nonlinear loads are widely used in industrial control field. The user's requirements on power quality become higher and higher, the most outstanding ones of which are the power system harmonics and system voltage fluctuation. Harmonic pollution is mainly caused by the nonlinear load, while the system voltage fluctuation is mainly due to the imbalance between system and load on the reactive power. Therefore, how to make effectively combine compensation for the harmonic and dynamic reactive power has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in power transmission and distribution technology. Through access to related literatures in dynamic active compensation techniques of harmonics and reactive power, a harmonic and reactive power compensation system based on Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter and Static Synchronous Compensator is presented in this paper. On the basis of respectively studying on the operation principle and parallel strategy of the SHAPF and STATCOM, the shunt system composed of the SHAPF and STATCOM is analyzed and some improvement measures are proposed according to the performance defects. Finally, simulation models are built by using MATLAB to verify the correctness of the theory.
The main research work of this paper as follows:
1. Analyzed the circuit topology and working principle of SHAPF and STATCOM, and analyzed their control strategies and the selection methods of key parameters according to its control characteristics.
2. Analyzed the characteristics of harmonics and reactive power combine compensation system based on SHAPF and STATCOM and proposed some improvement measures. A variable capacity control method was presented according to the insufficient output capacity of SHAPF when the load changed. A fuzzy PI control was suggested for the adaptability of PI parameters according to the difficult choice of PI parameters because of the non-linear inverter in STATCOM.
3. Builtimulation models by using MATLAB and respectively verified the harmonic suppression characteristics of SHAPF, the reactive power compensation characteristics of STATCOM and the control features of combine compensation system for harmonics and reactive power.
本文主要工作包括以下内容:
1.分析了SHAPF和STATCOM的电路拓扑结构和工作原理;针对SHAPF和STATCOM各自的控制特点研究分析了它们的控制策略和关键参数选择方法。
2.分析了基于SHAPF和STATCOM的谐波和无功综合补偿系统的特性并对系统性能进行了改善;并针对负载变动时SHAPF输出容量不足,提出了变容量控制;针对STATCOM中逆变器的非线性使PI参数的选择较为困难,提出了模糊PI控制,使PI参数的选择具有自适应性。
3.用MATLAB软件搭建了仿真模型,分别验证了SHAPF的谐波抑制特性、STATCOM的无功功率补偿特性以及综合补偿系统对电网谐波和无功功率的控制特性。
With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, power electronic devices and nonlinear loads are widely used in industrial control field. The user's requirements on power quality become higher and higher, the most outstanding ones of which are the power system harmonics and system voltage fluctuation. Harmonic pollution is mainly caused by the nonlinear load, while the system voltage fluctuation is mainly due to the imbalance between system and load on the reactive power. Therefore, how to make effectively combine compensation for the harmonic and dynamic reactive power has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in power transmission and distribution technology. Through access to related literatures in dynamic active compensation techniques of harmonics and reactive power, a harmonic and reactive power compensation system based on Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter and Static Synchronous Compensator is presented in this paper. On the basis of respectively studying on the operation principle and parallel strategy of the SHAPF and STATCOM, the shunt system composed of the SHAPF and STATCOM is analyzed and some improvement measures are proposed according to the performance defects. Finally, simulation models are built by using MATLAB to verify the correctness of the theory.
The main research work of this paper as follows:
1. Analyzed the circuit topology and working principle of SHAPF and STATCOM, and analyzed their control strategies and the selection methods of key parameters according to its control characteristics.
2. Analyzed the characteristics of harmonics and reactive power combine compensation system based on SHAPF and STATCOM and proposed some improvement measures. A variable capacity control method was presented according to the insufficient output capacity of SHAPF when the load changed. A fuzzy PI control was suggested for the adaptability of PI parameters according to the difficult choice of PI parameters because of the non-linear inverter in STATCOM.
3. Builtimulation models by using MATLAB and respectively verified the harmonic suppression characteristics of SHAPF, the reactive power compensation characteristics of STATCOM and the control features of combine compensation system for harmonics and reactive power.
引文
[1]张一中,宁元中等.电力谐波[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992年.
[2]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006年.
[3] Cavallini A,Cacciari M,Loggini M,Montanari G. C,“Evaluation of harmonic levels in electrical networks by statistical indexes”[C],Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,Volume 30,Issue 4,July-Aug. 1994 Page(s):1116-1126.
[4] M Take,K Ikeda,A Teramoto et al. Harmonic Current and Reaetive power Compensation with an Active Filter. IEEEE-PESC,1998:1174-1179.
[5] Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A. A New Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System. IEEE IAS Conference Record,1988:874-880.
[6] Fujita H,Akagi H. A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record,1990: 1107-1112.
[7] Fujitia H. Akagi. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner: The Intergration of Series and Shunt Filter. Proceedings of PESC' 96:494-501.
[8]栗时平,刘桂英.静止无功功率补偿技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006年.
[9] H. Akagi,A. Nabae,Atoh S. Control Strategy of Active Power Filters Using Multiple Voltage-source PWM. IEEE Trans. On IA,1986,22(3):460-465.
[10]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[11]周柯,罗安,盘宏斌.混合型APF+SCV综合补偿装置研究[J].低压电器,2009(18):10-14.
[12]盘宏斌,罗安,黄辉先,彭可等.HAPF与SVC组成的并联型电能质量综合补偿器的拓扑结构及应用研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2009,31(2):110-118.
[13] N.R.Raju,S.S.Venkata,V.V.Sastry. The Use of Decoupled Converters to Optimize the Power Electronics of Shunt and Series AC System Controllers. Paper 96 SM 454-9 PWRD,IEEE/PES Summer Meeting,Denver,Colorado,1996.
[14]王兆安,黄俊等.电力电子技术[M].第四版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005年.
[15]肖湘宁,徐永海.电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿技术的进展[J].中国电力,1999,32(3):10~13.
[16]粟时平,郑小平,金维宇.电力系统谐波检测方法及其实现技术的发展[J].电气开关.2004,1:33-38.
[17]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论-(Ⅰ)[J].电工技术学报,1994,1:50-54.
[18]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论-(Ⅱ)[J].电工技术学报,1994,2:53-56.
[19] Akagi H. Instantaneous reactive power compensation comprising switching devices with energy storage components[J], IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1984, 20(3): 625-630.
[20]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,2:43-48.
[21]张波,易颂文.基于广义dk-qk旋转坐标变换的谐波电流检测方法[J].电力系统自动化学报,2001,13(3):26-29.
[22]舒双焰,丁洪发,段献忠.基于自适应数字滤波的谐波检测[J].电力自动化设备,2000,6:13-16.
[23]王群,吴宁,谢品芳.一种基于神经元的自适应谐波电流检测法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,10:13-16.
[24]任震,黄群古,黄雯莹等.基于多频带小波变换的电力系统谐波分析新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12):38-41.
[25] T. Keaochantranond, C. Boonseng. Harmonics and inter-harmonics estimation using wavelet transform[C].IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002.2002,2:775-779.
[26]顾颖杰,汤洪海,刘艳红,李春文.新型复合神经网络控制的并联有源电力滤波器[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(6):39-42.
[27]童梅,童杰,蒋静坪.有源滤波器的神经网络控制[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(1):57-60.
[28] Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents by Magnetic Flux Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. On PAS,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[29]范瑞祥.并联混合型有源电力滤波器的理论与应用研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2007年.
[30]姚为正,王群,刘进军,王兆安.有源电力滤波器对不同类型谐波源的补偿特性[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):40-44.
[31] BLAJSZCZAK, G Direct method for voltage distortion compensation in power networks by series converter filter. IEE Proc. E.PA., 1995, 142(5):308-312.
[32]姚为正,刘进军,王群等.采用检测电源电流控制方式的串连型电力有源滤波器[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,10:1-5.
[33]朱海平.无变压器混合有源电力滤波器及其控制策略研究[J].通信电源技术,2009,26(6):14-17.
[34]汤赐,罗安,赵伟,帅智康.混合型并联有源滤波器的稳定性[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(6):43-48.
[35]阿里拉加,沃森,林海雪,范明天等.电力系统谐波[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008年.
[36]森荣二,薛培鼎.LC滤波器设计与制作[M].北京:科学出版社,2006年.
[37]王莉娜.厂矿企业配电网谐波治理控制策略和工程应用研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2003年.
[38]周建丰,顾亚琴,韦寿祺.SVC与STATCOM的综合比较分析[J].电力自动化设备,2007,12:57-60.
[39]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣,罗承廉等.采用GTO逆变器的±20M var STATCOM[J].电力系统自动化,2000,12,19-23.
[40]申玮.DSTATCOM参数设计与逆系统控制方法的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.
[41] Steimer P K, Steinke J K, Gruning H E, et al. Reliable, interface-friendly medium voltage drive based on the robust IGCT and DTC technologies [A]. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 34th IA S Annual Meeting[C]. USA-Phoenix, 1999, 1505-1512.
[42]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,陈远华.大容量PWM电压源逆变器的LC滤波器设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(3):345-348.
[43]荣飞,罗安,汤赐,盘宏斌.STATCOM输出滤波器结构设计及参数优化[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(4):137-142[J].
[44]吴庆范.STATCOM并联运行控制方法的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.
[45]邓礼宽.三相四线制下谐波和无功综合补偿的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
[46]裴云庆,姜桂宾,王兆安.LC滤波的三相桥式整流电路网侧谐波分析[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(3):34-36.
[47]汤赐.新型注入式混合有源滤波器的理论及其应用研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2008年.
[48]唐政.D-STATCOM变流器及控制策略的研究[D].山东:山东大学,2009年.
[49]李刚,罗安.一种新型混合型有源滤波器的模糊PI控制[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(4):90-93.
[50]李晓丹.模糊PID控制器的设计研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005年.
[2]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006年.
[3] Cavallini A,Cacciari M,Loggini M,Montanari G. C,“Evaluation of harmonic levels in electrical networks by statistical indexes”[C],Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,Volume 30,Issue 4,July-Aug. 1994 Page(s):1116-1126.
[4] M Take,K Ikeda,A Teramoto et al. Harmonic Current and Reaetive power Compensation with an Active Filter. IEEEE-PESC,1998:1174-1179.
[5] Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A. A New Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System. IEEE IAS Conference Record,1988:874-880.
[6] Fujita H,Akagi H. A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record,1990: 1107-1112.
[7] Fujitia H. Akagi. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner: The Intergration of Series and Shunt Filter. Proceedings of PESC' 96:494-501.
[8]栗时平,刘桂英.静止无功功率补偿技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006年.
[9] H. Akagi,A. Nabae,Atoh S. Control Strategy of Active Power Filters Using Multiple Voltage-source PWM. IEEE Trans. On IA,1986,22(3):460-465.
[10]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[11]周柯,罗安,盘宏斌.混合型APF+SCV综合补偿装置研究[J].低压电器,2009(18):10-14.
[12]盘宏斌,罗安,黄辉先,彭可等.HAPF与SVC组成的并联型电能质量综合补偿器的拓扑结构及应用研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2009,31(2):110-118.
[13] N.R.Raju,S.S.Venkata,V.V.Sastry. The Use of Decoupled Converters to Optimize the Power Electronics of Shunt and Series AC System Controllers. Paper 96 SM 454-9 PWRD,IEEE/PES Summer Meeting,Denver,Colorado,1996.
[14]王兆安,黄俊等.电力电子技术[M].第四版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005年.
[15]肖湘宁,徐永海.电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿技术的进展[J].中国电力,1999,32(3):10~13.
[16]粟时平,郑小平,金维宇.电力系统谐波检测方法及其实现技术的发展[J].电气开关.2004,1:33-38.
[17]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论-(Ⅰ)[J].电工技术学报,1994,1:50-54.
[18]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论-(Ⅱ)[J].电工技术学报,1994,2:53-56.
[19] Akagi H. Instantaneous reactive power compensation comprising switching devices with energy storage components[J], IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1984, 20(3): 625-630.
[20]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,2:43-48.
[21]张波,易颂文.基于广义dk-qk旋转坐标变换的谐波电流检测方法[J].电力系统自动化学报,2001,13(3):26-29.
[22]舒双焰,丁洪发,段献忠.基于自适应数字滤波的谐波检测[J].电力自动化设备,2000,6:13-16.
[23]王群,吴宁,谢品芳.一种基于神经元的自适应谐波电流检测法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,10:13-16.
[24]任震,黄群古,黄雯莹等.基于多频带小波变换的电力系统谐波分析新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12):38-41.
[25] T. Keaochantranond, C. Boonseng. Harmonics and inter-harmonics estimation using wavelet transform[C].IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002.2002,2:775-779.
[26]顾颖杰,汤洪海,刘艳红,李春文.新型复合神经网络控制的并联有源电力滤波器[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(6):39-42.
[27]童梅,童杰,蒋静坪.有源滤波器的神经网络控制[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(1):57-60.
[28] Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents by Magnetic Flux Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. On PAS,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[29]范瑞祥.并联混合型有源电力滤波器的理论与应用研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2007年.
[30]姚为正,王群,刘进军,王兆安.有源电力滤波器对不同类型谐波源的补偿特性[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):40-44.
[31] BLAJSZCZAK, G Direct method for voltage distortion compensation in power networks by series converter filter. IEE Proc. E.PA., 1995, 142(5):308-312.
[32]姚为正,刘进军,王群等.采用检测电源电流控制方式的串连型电力有源滤波器[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,10:1-5.
[33]朱海平.无变压器混合有源电力滤波器及其控制策略研究[J].通信电源技术,2009,26(6):14-17.
[34]汤赐,罗安,赵伟,帅智康.混合型并联有源滤波器的稳定性[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(6):43-48.
[35]阿里拉加,沃森,林海雪,范明天等.电力系统谐波[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008年.
[36]森荣二,薛培鼎.LC滤波器设计与制作[M].北京:科学出版社,2006年.
[37]王莉娜.厂矿企业配电网谐波治理控制策略和工程应用研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2003年.
[38]周建丰,顾亚琴,韦寿祺.SVC与STATCOM的综合比较分析[J].电力自动化设备,2007,12:57-60.
[39]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣,罗承廉等.采用GTO逆变器的±20M var STATCOM[J].电力系统自动化,2000,12,19-23.
[40]申玮.DSTATCOM参数设计与逆系统控制方法的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.
[41] Steimer P K, Steinke J K, Gruning H E, et al. Reliable, interface-friendly medium voltage drive based on the robust IGCT and DTC technologies [A]. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 34th IA S Annual Meeting[C]. USA-Phoenix, 1999, 1505-1512.
[42]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,陈远华.大容量PWM电压源逆变器的LC滤波器设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(3):345-348.
[43]荣飞,罗安,汤赐,盘宏斌.STATCOM输出滤波器结构设计及参数优化[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(4):137-142[J].
[44]吴庆范.STATCOM并联运行控制方法的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.
[45]邓礼宽.三相四线制下谐波和无功综合补偿的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
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