祥云推覆构造地质特性及动力学分析
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摘要
祥云地处西南“三江”造山带中段扬子准地台和唐古拉—昌都—兰坪—思茅褶皱系两个一级构造单元的接合部位,大地构造位置复杂。
在国土资源大调查项目的《1：5万弥渡县、巍山县、祥云县、苴力镇的区域地质调查》实施中,有大量地质证据反映弥渡盆地和祥云盆地之间存在—推覆构造体,区内从北西部奥陶纪至南东部泥盆纪的地层并非原地系统,而是从北西部加盖而来的外来推覆体。
祥云推覆构造整体呈一“舌形”,被走向相同且大致平行的弥渡盆地和祥云盆地所限制,由北西部弥渡北云—带延至南东部祥云的水目山一带,全长约30公里。该推覆构造以水目山断裂为主推覆滑移面,顺其北西—南东的推覆方向发育一系列次级逆冲断层,均为北东走向,倾向北西。这些断层构成了祥云推覆构造的叠瓦状逆冲断层系。
本文根据推覆构造发育的特点,把祥云推覆构造划分为前锋挤压带、中部叠瓦后展带和根部发育带三个主带。前锋带出露于祥云白土田—水目山一带,长约6公里。该前锋带以水目山—河东村断层为推覆面,泥盆系—石炭系—二叠系的灰岩、硅质岩及峨眉山玄武岩加盖在下盘三叠系—侏罗系的(长石)石英砂岩及粉砂质泥岩之上。该带以发育大量倒转和平卧褶皱为主要特征,各类变形构造的受力分析均显示区域上E—W向的挤压应力和NW—SE的推覆方向；中部叠瓦带从弥渡吉祥庄—祥云白土田—带,全长约20公里。以发育一组大致平行、倾向北西的逆冲断层系为特征,在不同地层之间或相同地层内部发生了叠瓦状的后展式推覆。该带同样发育一系列斜歪褶皱和倒转褶皱,褶皱的位态和形变机制与整个推覆构造的受力机制相吻合。根部带出露在研究区北西的北云地区及以北一带,主要见奥陶系的石英砂岩和砂质页岩推覆在志留系康廊组的灰岩之上。
本研究以野外调查为主要手段,在对祥云推覆构造前锋挤压带、中部叠瓦后展带和根部带的几何学和运动学特征分析的基础上,结合前人有关区域构造背景的研究成果,对祥云推覆构造的动力学机制和构造演化模式进行了探讨。提出祥云推覆构造是在古近纪印度—欧亚板块俯冲、碰撞导致金沙江—红河断裂带和程海断裂带走滑运动的区域构造背景下形成的。自两板块俯冲、碰撞伊始,区域构造应力显示为东西向的主压压力,印支地块向南东挤出,红河断裂带开始左旋走滑,同时程海断裂带发生右旋运动并形成一组北东走向的次级断层系。在此构造背景下,红河断裂带北东盘岩体沿一系列倾向北西的逆冲断层发生自北西—南东的逆冲推覆。据此,把祥云推覆构造的的形成发展划分为三个期次,且这三个形成期次与印度—欧亚板块俯冲、碰撞的三个构造运动阶段是相协调对应的。
Xiangyun locates in the middle part of the southwestern Three River Orogenic Belt—Yangtze Para-platform and Tanggula-Changdu-Lanping-Simao fold system which two are the interface level of the first-order tectonic units, so its geological structure is more complex.
There are a large number of geological evidences in the general survey project of land and resources—1:50000 regional geological survey of Midu, Xiangyun, Weishan and Juli Country, reflecting between Midu basin and Xiangyun basin existing a nappe body. The formation from the northwestern Ordovician to the southeastern Devonian is not the original terrain, but the external terrain from the northwest nappe.
Xiangyun nappe overall was a "tongue-shaped" and was limited by the Xiangyun and Midu basin which are the same trend and approximate parallel. It is a total distance of about 30 km from the northwest of Beiyun in Midu to the southeastern part of the Xiangyun Shuimu Mountain. This nappe is considered Shuimu Mountain fault as the main nappe slip plane, developing a series of secondary thrust fault along its North West-South East nappe direction which are all North East trend, North West tendency. These faults constitute the imbricate thrust faults of Xiangyun nappe structure.
According to the characteristics of nappe development, this paper divides Xiangyun nappe into the forward extrusion belt, the middle imbricate pre-show belt and the root development belt which are three main belts. The forward outcropped in Xiangyun Baitutian-Shuimu Mountain, about 6 km long. This forward belt is considered Shuimu Mountain-Hedong village fault as nappe fault plane. The limestone and siliceous of Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian and Emei Mountain basalt nappe are above (feldspar) quartz sandstone and silty mudstone of Triassic-Jurassic footwall. This belt is considered developing a large number of overturned and recumbent folds as the main characteristics. Various types of mechanical analysis of deformation structures all showed the compressive stress of E—W direction and the nappe direction of NW—SE. The middle imbricate belt is 20 km long from Midu Jixiangzhuang to Xiangyun Baitutian. It is considered developing a group of thrust faults which are approximate parallel and North west tendency as characteristics. It happened the imbricate pre-show nappe during the different formation or the inner of the same formation. This belt also developed a series of oblique and overturned folds. The bit-state and deformation mechanism of the fold anastomosed with the whole nappe. The root belt exposed at the northwest of Beiyun and the northern region of the study area. It mainly sees the Ordovician quartz sandstone and sandy shale nappeing above the limestone of the Silurian Gallery Group.
The paper discussed the Dynamic Mechanism and the tectonic evolution model of Xiangyun nappe, which are based on the geometry and kinematics characteristics analysis of the forward extrusion belt, the middle imbricate pre-show belt and the root belt of Xiangyun nappe, with the research results of predecessors about the regional tectonic settings. This paper proposed that Xiangyun nappe was formed at the regional tectonic settings of the Paleogene India-Eurasian plate subduction, collision resulted in the Jinsha River-Red River fault zone and Chenghai fault zone strike-slip movement. Since the beginning of the two-plate subduction and collision, the regional tectonic stress appeared as the main east-west pressure, and Indo-China blocked out of the south east, then the Red River began to sinistral strike-slip, while Chenghai fault belt occurred dextral movement and formed a group of north-east towards the sub-faults. In this tectonic setting, the Red River fault zone along the north-east set a series of rock tend to the North West Department of thrust fault occurred since the North West-South East thrust. Accordingly, the clouds of nappe formation and development is divided into three stages and three stages with the formation of India-Eurasian plate subduction, collision of three tectonic movement stage is the corresponding coordinate.
在国土资源大调查项目的《1：5万弥渡县、巍山县、祥云县、苴力镇的区域地质调查》实施中,有大量地质证据反映弥渡盆地和祥云盆地之间存在—推覆构造体,区内从北西部奥陶纪至南东部泥盆纪的地层并非原地系统,而是从北西部加盖而来的外来推覆体。
祥云推覆构造整体呈一“舌形”,被走向相同且大致平行的弥渡盆地和祥云盆地所限制,由北西部弥渡北云—带延至南东部祥云的水目山一带,全长约30公里。该推覆构造以水目山断裂为主推覆滑移面,顺其北西—南东的推覆方向发育一系列次级逆冲断层,均为北东走向,倾向北西。这些断层构成了祥云推覆构造的叠瓦状逆冲断层系。
本文根据推覆构造发育的特点,把祥云推覆构造划分为前锋挤压带、中部叠瓦后展带和根部发育带三个主带。前锋带出露于祥云白土田—水目山一带,长约6公里。该前锋带以水目山—河东村断层为推覆面,泥盆系—石炭系—二叠系的灰岩、硅质岩及峨眉山玄武岩加盖在下盘三叠系—侏罗系的(长石)石英砂岩及粉砂质泥岩之上。该带以发育大量倒转和平卧褶皱为主要特征,各类变形构造的受力分析均显示区域上E—W向的挤压应力和NW—SE的推覆方向；中部叠瓦带从弥渡吉祥庄—祥云白土田—带,全长约20公里。以发育一组大致平行、倾向北西的逆冲断层系为特征,在不同地层之间或相同地层内部发生了叠瓦状的后展式推覆。该带同样发育一系列斜歪褶皱和倒转褶皱,褶皱的位态和形变机制与整个推覆构造的受力机制相吻合。根部带出露在研究区北西的北云地区及以北一带,主要见奥陶系的石英砂岩和砂质页岩推覆在志留系康廊组的灰岩之上。
本研究以野外调查为主要手段,在对祥云推覆构造前锋挤压带、中部叠瓦后展带和根部带的几何学和运动学特征分析的基础上,结合前人有关区域构造背景的研究成果,对祥云推覆构造的动力学机制和构造演化模式进行了探讨。提出祥云推覆构造是在古近纪印度—欧亚板块俯冲、碰撞导致金沙江—红河断裂带和程海断裂带走滑运动的区域构造背景下形成的。自两板块俯冲、碰撞伊始,区域构造应力显示为东西向的主压压力,印支地块向南东挤出,红河断裂带开始左旋走滑,同时程海断裂带发生右旋运动并形成一组北东走向的次级断层系。在此构造背景下,红河断裂带北东盘岩体沿一系列倾向北西的逆冲断层发生自北西—南东的逆冲推覆。据此,把祥云推覆构造的的形成发展划分为三个期次,且这三个形成期次与印度—欧亚板块俯冲、碰撞的三个构造运动阶段是相协调对应的。
Xiangyun locates in the middle part of the southwestern Three River Orogenic Belt—Yangtze Para-platform and Tanggula-Changdu-Lanping-Simao fold system which two are the interface level of the first-order tectonic units, so its geological structure is more complex.
There are a large number of geological evidences in the general survey project of land and resources—1:50000 regional geological survey of Midu, Xiangyun, Weishan and Juli Country, reflecting between Midu basin and Xiangyun basin existing a nappe body. The formation from the northwestern Ordovician to the southeastern Devonian is not the original terrain, but the external terrain from the northwest nappe.
Xiangyun nappe overall was a "tongue-shaped" and was limited by the Xiangyun and Midu basin which are the same trend and approximate parallel. It is a total distance of about 30 km from the northwest of Beiyun in Midu to the southeastern part of the Xiangyun Shuimu Mountain. This nappe is considered Shuimu Mountain fault as the main nappe slip plane, developing a series of secondary thrust fault along its North West-South East nappe direction which are all North East trend, North West tendency. These faults constitute the imbricate thrust faults of Xiangyun nappe structure.
According to the characteristics of nappe development, this paper divides Xiangyun nappe into the forward extrusion belt, the middle imbricate pre-show belt and the root development belt which are three main belts. The forward outcropped in Xiangyun Baitutian-Shuimu Mountain, about 6 km long. This forward belt is considered Shuimu Mountain-Hedong village fault as nappe fault plane. The limestone and siliceous of Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian and Emei Mountain basalt nappe are above (feldspar) quartz sandstone and silty mudstone of Triassic-Jurassic footwall. This belt is considered developing a large number of overturned and recumbent folds as the main characteristics. Various types of mechanical analysis of deformation structures all showed the compressive stress of E—W direction and the nappe direction of NW—SE. The middle imbricate belt is 20 km long from Midu Jixiangzhuang to Xiangyun Baitutian. It is considered developing a group of thrust faults which are approximate parallel and North west tendency as characteristics. It happened the imbricate pre-show nappe during the different formation or the inner of the same formation. This belt also developed a series of oblique and overturned folds. The bit-state and deformation mechanism of the fold anastomosed with the whole nappe. The root belt exposed at the northwest of Beiyun and the northern region of the study area. It mainly sees the Ordovician quartz sandstone and sandy shale nappeing above the limestone of the Silurian Gallery Group.
The paper discussed the Dynamic Mechanism and the tectonic evolution model of Xiangyun nappe, which are based on the geometry and kinematics characteristics analysis of the forward extrusion belt, the middle imbricate pre-show belt and the root belt of Xiangyun nappe, with the research results of predecessors about the regional tectonic settings. This paper proposed that Xiangyun nappe was formed at the regional tectonic settings of the Paleogene India-Eurasian plate subduction, collision resulted in the Jinsha River-Red River fault zone and Chenghai fault zone strike-slip movement. Since the beginning of the two-plate subduction and collision, the regional tectonic stress appeared as the main east-west pressure, and Indo-China blocked out of the south east, then the Red River began to sinistral strike-slip, while Chenghai fault belt occurred dextral movement and formed a group of north-east towards the sub-faults. In this tectonic setting, the Red River fault zone along the north-east set a series of rock tend to the North West Department of thrust fault occurred since the North West-South East thrust. Accordingly, the clouds of nappe formation and development is divided into three stages and three stages with the formation of India-Eurasian plate subduction, collision of three tectonic movement stage is the corresponding coordinate.
引文
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