基于“城市触媒”理论下的城市旧工业厂区更新策略研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,随着我国城市经济的高速发展,在城市产业转型与城市结构调整的合力作用下,城市旧工业区在城市更新的过程中正面临着被逐步拆解的命运。常规的“推倒重来”的旧工业区更新方式造成了旧工业区内历史文脉的严重破坏与居民存在感及归属感的普遍缺失,并引发了一系列的经济、文化与社会问题。
“城市触媒”作为一种城市设计方法,强调在不彻底改变自身的特征属性的前提下,通过小规模的改造或引入新元素,达到有效复兴周边片区的作用。而城市旧工业区内的工业厂区因其自身具备的条件因素,其更新方式不仅在整个工业片区,甚至在城市的经济、文化、社会层面都可能产生巨大影响,这正给予我们合理运用“城市触媒”理论对其进行更新的期许。因此,本文试图在“城市触媒”理论下构建城市旧工业厂区更新的策略框架,以达到对旧工业区从经济、文化、社会多角度复兴的目的。
本文首先梳理了城市旧工业厂区更新的相关理论与实践发展,并归纳了几种更新模式,指出了我国城市旧工业厂区在更新实践中的困惑。就现存问题引入“城市触媒”理论,并梳理其理论概念、研究现状、特征及实践发展；随后探讨城市旧工业厂区进行“触媒式”更新的潜力,并从功能、空间、文化三个不同层面对相关更新要素进行深入分析,同时提出“城市触媒”理论下的城市旧工业厂区更新原则与更新目标；以成都“东郊记忆”为具体案例,在详尽的实地调研与数据分析下证明其“触媒式”更新的成功,并就各层面的更新要素如何在设计中发挥各自的触媒作用进行研究,以此获得启示,最终构建“城市触媒”理论下的城市旧工业厂区在功能更新、空间更新、文化更新三个层面的微观更新策略。
通过本文的研究,希望能为我国的城市旧工业厂区更新实践提供一定的理论借鉴,并希望能对成都“东郊记忆”的后续发展提供一些参考意见。
With China's rapid economic development in urban areas since the reform and opening up, urban old industrial districts have faced a gradually dismantling fate in urban renewal process due to the joint force of urban industrial transformation and urban structural adjustment. Renewal of old industrial districts were conducted through the conventional "razing and rebuilding" method,which resulted in serious destroy of historical context inside the old industrial district,as well as general lack of citizens'sense of existence and belonging,triggered a series of economic,cultural and social problems.
As a new method of urban design,urban catalyst emphasized to achieve an effective revitalization for surrounding areas by small-scale modification or introduction of new elements under the premise of not completely changing its characteristic properties.Because of the inherent condition factor of old industrial plant site inside urban old industrial districts,the way for its renewal would bring huge impact not only on entire industrial districts,but also on urban economy,culture and social dimensions,which gave us an expectation to rational use the "urban catalyst" theory for its renewal. Therefore,this dissertation attempted to build a policy framework for the renewal of old industrial plant site in urban area,so as to achieve the revitalization of old industrial plant site in terms of economy,culture and social.
At first, relevant theories and practice development on renewal of old industrial plant site in urban areas were summarized in this dissertation,several renewal methods were inducted, and confusions in the renewal practice of old industrial plant site in China's urban areas were pointed out. With respect to existing problems,"urban catalyst" theory was introduced,its concept,research status in quo, characteristics and practice development were concluded. Subsequently, the potential on "catalyst type" renewal of old industrial plant site in urban areas was explored, related renewal factors from three different levels of function,space and culture were deeply analyzed. Meanwhile, renewal principle and renewal target of old industrial plant site in urban areas were proposed under the "urban catalyst" theory. To take Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory as case study,its "catalyst type" renewal was proved successful based upon detailed field research and data analysis. A revelation was attained from the study on how renewal factors on each level play a part as catalyst in the design, and micro renewal strategy of old industrial plant site in urban areas was ultimately built up in the matter of functional renewal,space renewal and cultural renewal under the "urban catalyst" theory.
Through the research of this dissertation,it was expected to provide certain theoretical reference in the renewal practice of old industrial plant site in China's urban areas,and hoping to give some advices to the future development of Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory.
“城市触媒”作为一种城市设计方法,强调在不彻底改变自身的特征属性的前提下,通过小规模的改造或引入新元素,达到有效复兴周边片区的作用。而城市旧工业区内的工业厂区因其自身具备的条件因素,其更新方式不仅在整个工业片区,甚至在城市的经济、文化、社会层面都可能产生巨大影响,这正给予我们合理运用“城市触媒”理论对其进行更新的期许。因此,本文试图在“城市触媒”理论下构建城市旧工业厂区更新的策略框架,以达到对旧工业区从经济、文化、社会多角度复兴的目的。
本文首先梳理了城市旧工业厂区更新的相关理论与实践发展,并归纳了几种更新模式,指出了我国城市旧工业厂区在更新实践中的困惑。就现存问题引入“城市触媒”理论,并梳理其理论概念、研究现状、特征及实践发展；随后探讨城市旧工业厂区进行“触媒式”更新的潜力,并从功能、空间、文化三个不同层面对相关更新要素进行深入分析,同时提出“城市触媒”理论下的城市旧工业厂区更新原则与更新目标；以成都“东郊记忆”为具体案例,在详尽的实地调研与数据分析下证明其“触媒式”更新的成功,并就各层面的更新要素如何在设计中发挥各自的触媒作用进行研究,以此获得启示,最终构建“城市触媒”理论下的城市旧工业厂区在功能更新、空间更新、文化更新三个层面的微观更新策略。
通过本文的研究,希望能为我国的城市旧工业厂区更新实践提供一定的理论借鉴,并希望能对成都“东郊记忆”的后续发展提供一些参考意见。
With China's rapid economic development in urban areas since the reform and opening up, urban old industrial districts have faced a gradually dismantling fate in urban renewal process due to the joint force of urban industrial transformation and urban structural adjustment. Renewal of old industrial districts were conducted through the conventional "razing and rebuilding" method,which resulted in serious destroy of historical context inside the old industrial district,as well as general lack of citizens'sense of existence and belonging,triggered a series of economic,cultural and social problems.
As a new method of urban design,urban catalyst emphasized to achieve an effective revitalization for surrounding areas by small-scale modification or introduction of new elements under the premise of not completely changing its characteristic properties.Because of the inherent condition factor of old industrial plant site inside urban old industrial districts,the way for its renewal would bring huge impact not only on entire industrial districts,but also on urban economy,culture and social dimensions,which gave us an expectation to rational use the "urban catalyst" theory for its renewal. Therefore,this dissertation attempted to build a policy framework for the renewal of old industrial plant site in urban area,so as to achieve the revitalization of old industrial plant site in terms of economy,culture and social.
At first, relevant theories and practice development on renewal of old industrial plant site in urban areas were summarized in this dissertation,several renewal methods were inducted, and confusions in the renewal practice of old industrial plant site in China's urban areas were pointed out. With respect to existing problems,"urban catalyst" theory was introduced,its concept,research status in quo, characteristics and practice development were concluded. Subsequently, the potential on "catalyst type" renewal of old industrial plant site in urban areas was explored, related renewal factors from three different levels of function,space and culture were deeply analyzed. Meanwhile, renewal principle and renewal target of old industrial plant site in urban areas were proposed under the "urban catalyst" theory. To take Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory as case study,its "catalyst type" renewal was proved successful based upon detailed field research and data analysis. A revelation was attained from the study on how renewal factors on each level play a part as catalyst in the design, and micro renewal strategy of old industrial plant site in urban areas was ultimately built up in the matter of functional renewal,space renewal and cultural renewal under the "urban catalyst" theory.
Through the research of this dissertation,it was expected to provide certain theoretical reference in the renewal practice of old industrial plant site in China's urban areas,and hoping to give some advices to the future development of Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory.
引文
1 源于贾樟柯导演电影《二十四城记》,改编于万夏诗歌《本质》
2 该理论源于美国建筑师韦恩·奥图(Wayne Attoe)和唐·洛干(Donn Logan)共同出版的《美国都市建筑——城市设计的触媒》(American Urban Architecture——Catalysts in the Design of Cities)一书,详见本文第2章第2小节
1 [苏]BA.拉夫洛夫主编.大城市改建.李康译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：119-138
1 李其荣编著.城市规划与历史保护.东南大学出版社,2003
韦恩·奥图，唐·洛干著 王劭方译.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒[M].台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
1 韦恩·奥图,唐·洛干著王劭方译.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒[M].台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
1 数据来源：徐逸波,陈海汶等编.鲜活的上海弄堂：田子坊.上海：上海人民美术出版社,2001
1 王建国等著.后工业时代产业建筑遗产保护更新.中国建筑工业出版社,2008 p174
[美]凯文·林奇著.方益萍、何晓军译.城市意向[M].北京：华夏出版社,2001
1 吴良镛.世纪之交的凝思——建筑学的未来.北京：清华大学出版社.1999
1 黄健敏,贝聿铭的艺术世界[M].中国设计出版社,1996.
[1][美]韦恩·奥图,唐·洛干著.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒.王劭方译.台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
[2]王建国.后工业时代产业建筑遗产保护更新.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[3]刘伯英,冯钟平著.城市工业用地更新与工业遗产保护.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[4][加]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生.金衡山译.第二版.译林出版社,2006
[5]王建国.现代城市设计理论与方法.南京：东南大学出版社,2003
[6]王建国.城市设计.东南大学出版社,2004
[7][美]凯文·林奇.城市意向.方益萍,何晓军译.北京：华夏出版社,2001
[8][苏]拉夫洛夫主编.大城市改建.李康译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982
[9]阳建强,吴昭伟著.现代城市更新.南京：东南大学出版社,2000
[10]蒋涤非.城市形态活力论.南京：东南大学出版社,2007
[11][美]柯林·罗等.拼贴城市.童明译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[12][美]C·亚历山大等著.建筑模式语言.王听度,周序鸿译.北京：知识产权出版社,2002
[13]冯春萍.德国鲁尔矿区区域政治及其经济持续发展矿业城市与可持续发展,北京：石油工业出版社,1998
[14][丹麦]杨·盖尔著.何人可译.交往与空间.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[15]吴志强主编.上海世博会可持续规划设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[16]吴良镛著.北京旧城与菊儿胡同.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[17]孙久文,张佰瑞等.城市可持续发展.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006
[18]张松.历史城市保护学导论.上海：上海科学技术出版社,2001
[19]周卫.历史建筑保护与再利用——新旧空间关联理论及模式研究.中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[20]洪亮平.城市设计历程.北京：科学出版社,2001
[21]薛顺生,娄承浩.老上海工业旧址遗迹.上海：同济大学出版社,2004
[22]W·鲍尔,倪文彦译.城市的发展过程.北京：中国建工出版社,1981
[24][日]芦原义信著,街道的美学.尹培桐译.天津：百花文艺出版社,2006
[1]金广君,陈旸.论“触媒效应”下城市设计项目对周边环境的影响.规划师.2006(11)
[2]王伯伟,江浩.作为城市触媒的公共文化设施及其设计.华中建筑.2007(2)
[3]王建国,蒋楠.后工业时代中国产业类历史建筑遗产保护性再利用.建筑学报,2006(8)
[4]杨鹰.成都东区音乐公园设计.建筑学报.2012(1)
[5]王建国,蒋楠.后工业时代中国产业类历史建筑遗产保护再利用.建筑学报,2006.0
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[1]黄步瓯.成都东郊工业区旧工业建筑改造性再利用模式浅析.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[2]耿创.基于旧工业建筑改造的创意产业园设计研究.西南交通大学硕士论文,2011
[3]黄毅.城市混合功能建设研究——以上海为例.同济大学博士学位论文,2008
[4]汪涛.东北工业废弃地景观更新设计研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2006
[5]陈诗莺.旧工业厂区空间环境的有机更新设计研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2010
[6]陈雪松.沈阳市铁西旧工业区更新策略研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2009
[7]张琳琳.基于城市设计策略的城市旧工业区更新.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2007
[8]周陶洪.旧工业区城市更新策略研究——以北京为例.清华大学硕士论文,2005
2 该理论源于美国建筑师韦恩·奥图(Wayne Attoe)和唐·洛干(Donn Logan)共同出版的《美国都市建筑——城市设计的触媒》(American Urban Architecture——Catalysts in the Design of Cities)一书,详见本文第2章第2小节
1 [苏]BA.拉夫洛夫主编.大城市改建.李康译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：119-138
1 李其荣编著.城市规划与历史保护.东南大学出版社,2003
韦恩·奥图，唐·洛干著 王劭方译.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒[M].台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
1 韦恩·奥图,唐·洛干著王劭方译.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒[M].台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
1 数据来源：徐逸波,陈海汶等编.鲜活的上海弄堂：田子坊.上海：上海人民美术出版社,2001
1 王建国等著.后工业时代产业建筑遗产保护更新.中国建筑工业出版社,2008 p174
[美]凯文·林奇著.方益萍、何晓军译.城市意向[M].北京：华夏出版社,2001
1 吴良镛.世纪之交的凝思——建筑学的未来.北京：清华大学出版社.1999
1 黄健敏,贝聿铭的艺术世界[M].中国设计出版社,1996.
[1][美]韦恩·奥图,唐·洛干著.美国都市建筑—城市设计的触媒.王劭方译.台北：台北创兴出版社,1994
[2]王建国.后工业时代产业建筑遗产保护更新.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[3]刘伯英,冯钟平著.城市工业用地更新与工业遗产保护.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[4][加]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生.金衡山译.第二版.译林出版社,2006
[5]王建国.现代城市设计理论与方法.南京：东南大学出版社,2003
[6]王建国.城市设计.东南大学出版社,2004
[7][美]凯文·林奇.城市意向.方益萍,何晓军译.北京：华夏出版社,2001
[8][苏]拉夫洛夫主编.大城市改建.李康译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982
[9]阳建强,吴昭伟著.现代城市更新.南京：东南大学出版社,2000
[10]蒋涤非.城市形态活力论.南京：东南大学出版社,2007
[11][美]柯林·罗等.拼贴城市.童明译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[12][美]C·亚历山大等著.建筑模式语言.王听度,周序鸿译.北京：知识产权出版社,2002
[13]冯春萍.德国鲁尔矿区区域政治及其经济持续发展矿业城市与可持续发展,北京：石油工业出版社,1998
[14][丹麦]杨·盖尔著.何人可译.交往与空间.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[15]吴志强主编.上海世博会可持续规划设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[16]吴良镛著.北京旧城与菊儿胡同.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[17]孙久文,张佰瑞等.城市可持续发展.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006
[18]张松.历史城市保护学导论.上海：上海科学技术出版社,2001
[19]周卫.历史建筑保护与再利用——新旧空间关联理论及模式研究.中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[20]洪亮平.城市设计历程.北京：科学出版社,2001
[21]薛顺生,娄承浩.老上海工业旧址遗迹.上海：同济大学出版社,2004
[22]W·鲍尔,倪文彦译.城市的发展过程.北京：中国建工出版社,1981
[24][日]芦原义信著,街道的美学.尹培桐译.天津：百花文艺出版社,2006
[1]金广君,陈旸.论“触媒效应”下城市设计项目对周边环境的影响.规划师.2006(11)
[2]王伯伟,江浩.作为城市触媒的公共文化设施及其设计.华中建筑.2007(2)
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