黑龙江省煤炭产业发展模式研究
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摘要
能源是人类社会存在和发展的基础，经济发展是以能源资源的开发利用为依托的。随着经济的发展和人口的不断增长，能源需求越来越大，能源问题也越来越受到国际社会关注。由于资源禀赋，黑龙江省能源的问题更直接的表现为煤炭问题，其实质是煤炭产业以何种模式发展的问题。在石油产业、电力产业逐步呈现寡头竞争态势的今天，煤炭产业的发展更为值得关注，市场与政府、技术的自主研发和引进、投资的方式与规模等涉及黑龙江省煤炭产业发展取向与定位的问题，都已成为实施振兴东北老工业基地战略过程中讨论的焦点。本论文将产业经济学、管理学的基本理论与黑龙江省煤炭产业发展实践相结合，系统分析了黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的组织模式、技术模式、资本运营模式，在此基础上提出了黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的相应对策。
全文共有七章，按照内容划分为三大部分：现实环境与基本原理部分、理论与实证分析部分、政策建议部分。
首先，本文分析论证了煤炭产业的现实环境与基本原理，是全文的基础和依托。在阐明本文选题的理论意义和实践价值的基础上，说明了本文研究的背景、基本方法、总体框架和主要创新之处。通过概述前人有关产业经济理论的研究成果和结论，进而对国内外煤炭产业发展的理论研究与实践趋势进行客观描述。通过对煤炭产业相关概念界定，煤炭产业在国民经济运行和环境保护中的作用，以及煤炭产业与发展循环经济关系的分析，明确煤炭产业的性质、地位和促进煤炭产业结构优化的必然性。在客观分析国内外煤炭产业发展现状的基础上，对影响煤炭产业发展前景的主要因素和相关重点行业发展前景进行了剖析，其中包括建立神经网络模型对黑龙江省“十一五”时期煤炭市场需求预测和煤炭生产与需求弹性的计算分析，为黑龙江省煤炭产业发展模式的研究进行了铺垫。
其次，本文重点对煤炭产业的发展模式进行了理论与实证分析，是全文的核心与支撑。应用产业组织理论，就黑龙江省煤炭产业组织市场结构现状和问题、市场行为特点等重要方面进行了深入的分析。通过黑龙江省三个时期投入产出表数据的计算整理，明确了煤炭产业链的延伸形式与特点，提出横向与纵向产业链联结方式，并且对不同联结形式进行了比较。以国有重点煤炭企业—黑龙江龙煤矿业集团有限责任公司(简称龙煤集团)为例，运用层次分析法，建立大型煤炭企业集团组织模式选择评价模型。通过总结国内外煤炭开采、洗选、加工工艺和技术装备发展的现状、差距和问题，提出了煤炭开发利用的目标和创新途径，并结合实际，提出黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的技术模式。应用资本运营理论，借鉴发达国家煤炭产业发展资本运营的实践经验，分别对全国和黑龙江省重点煤炭企业资本运营方式特别是上市融资情况进行了阐述，给出了龙煤集团资本运营的主要模式。
最后，第三部分的煤炭产业政策研究是第二部分的研究结论能否付诸实践所在。在对美国和俄罗斯煤炭产业发展政策进行系统研究的基础上，结合实际，提出了黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的组织政策、技术政策、财税政策及相关立法建议，对黑龙江省制定煤炭产业发展相关的政策法规与对策具有重要的指导意义。
Energy sources is the basis for existence and development of human society. The energy sources' exploration and utilization support economic development. Along with economic development and population increase, the demand for energy will continue to increase and energy problem will get more and more concern from international community. Because of energy resources endowment, Heilongjiang Province's energy problems more directly refer to coal problem. Its essence is that in what model the coal industry will develop. Today oligarch competition situation gradually emerged in the oil and electric power industry, so coal industry development causes even more concern. It has become discussion focuses in process of implementing strategies of revitalizing Northeastern Old Industry Base that market and government, technological independence R&D and introduction, investment approach and the scale, Heilongjiang Province's coal industry development orientation and positioning problems. Integrating the basic theories of industry economics and management with development practice of Heilongjiang provincial coal industry, the paper systematically analyzes the coal industry development organization model, technical model and capital operation model of Heilongjiang Province. Then the paper presents countermeasures of Heilongjiang Provincial coal industry development base on it.
There are seven chapters in this paper. In accordance with the content, they are divided into three parts: the realistic environment and basic theory, theory and empirical analysis, policy recommendations.
Firstly, the part regarding the reality environment and basic theory is the basis and foundation of the text. On the basis of stating the theoretical and practical value of selecting this subject, the first two chapters describe the research background, the basic methods, the overall framework and the main innovations. Summarizing the predecessors' research results and conclusions regarding industry economic theory, then it objectively describes the coal industry development theory and practice trends home and abroad. By making definition on concepts related to the coal industry, the function for national economic operation and environmental protection, analyzing relationship between coal industry development and cycle economic development, it has become necessity to identify nature and status of coal industry, promote coal industry structure optimizing. On the basis of researching coal industry development current situation home and abroad, it systematically analyzes major factors impact on the development prospects of the coal industry and key industries related to it, including the establishment of neural network model to forecast Heilongjiang provincial coal market demand of "eleventh five-year" period and calculation analysis on coal production and demand elasticity, all these support research on Heilongjiang province's coal industry development model.
Secondly, theoretical and empirical analysis on development model of coal industry is the core and support of the whole paper. Chapter IV applies industry organization theory to deeply analyze Heilongjiang province's coal industry organization on the status and problems of market structure, market behavior characteristics and other important aspects. By collating the input-output tables data of our province's three periods, it makes extension form and characteristics of the coal industry chain clear. Then it presents the horizontal and vertical industry chain link and makes a comparison between these two different forms of connectivity. Taking key state-owned coal enterprise (LongMei Group) for example, it uses Analytic Hierarchy Process to found large-scale state-owned coal enterprise group organization forms choice and evaluation model. Through analysis on current situation, distance and problem of coal mining, washing, machining and technical equipment integrating home and abroad, it presents objectives of coal exploration and utilization, innovation ways. Combining Heilongjiang provincial actual situation, it presents technological approach of Heilongjiang provincial coal industry development. Applying the capital operation theory, taking experience from capital operation experience of developed country's coal industry development, it separately states capital operation situation of whole country and Heilongjiang provincial important coal enterprise, especially financing in stock market, it presents the major capital operation model.
Finally, whether the study conclusions of the second part can be put into practice or not lies in the coal industry policy research in the third part of the paper. Based on systematically research on the coal industry development policy in Russia and the United States, it systematically presents organization policy, technology development policy, fiscal policy and related legislative proposals for Heilongjiang Province. These policies are of great significance in guiding meanings for Heilongjiang province to make policies, regulations and countermeasures related to coal industry.
全文共有七章，按照内容划分为三大部分：现实环境与基本原理部分、理论与实证分析部分、政策建议部分。
首先，本文分析论证了煤炭产业的现实环境与基本原理，是全文的基础和依托。在阐明本文选题的理论意义和实践价值的基础上，说明了本文研究的背景、基本方法、总体框架和主要创新之处。通过概述前人有关产业经济理论的研究成果和结论，进而对国内外煤炭产业发展的理论研究与实践趋势进行客观描述。通过对煤炭产业相关概念界定，煤炭产业在国民经济运行和环境保护中的作用，以及煤炭产业与发展循环经济关系的分析，明确煤炭产业的性质、地位和促进煤炭产业结构优化的必然性。在客观分析国内外煤炭产业发展现状的基础上，对影响煤炭产业发展前景的主要因素和相关重点行业发展前景进行了剖析，其中包括建立神经网络模型对黑龙江省“十一五”时期煤炭市场需求预测和煤炭生产与需求弹性的计算分析，为黑龙江省煤炭产业发展模式的研究进行了铺垫。
其次，本文重点对煤炭产业的发展模式进行了理论与实证分析，是全文的核心与支撑。应用产业组织理论，就黑龙江省煤炭产业组织市场结构现状和问题、市场行为特点等重要方面进行了深入的分析。通过黑龙江省三个时期投入产出表数据的计算整理，明确了煤炭产业链的延伸形式与特点，提出横向与纵向产业链联结方式，并且对不同联结形式进行了比较。以国有重点煤炭企业—黑龙江龙煤矿业集团有限责任公司(简称龙煤集团)为例，运用层次分析法，建立大型煤炭企业集团组织模式选择评价模型。通过总结国内外煤炭开采、洗选、加工工艺和技术装备发展的现状、差距和问题，提出了煤炭开发利用的目标和创新途径，并结合实际，提出黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的技术模式。应用资本运营理论，借鉴发达国家煤炭产业发展资本运营的实践经验，分别对全国和黑龙江省重点煤炭企业资本运营方式特别是上市融资情况进行了阐述，给出了龙煤集团资本运营的主要模式。
最后，第三部分的煤炭产业政策研究是第二部分的研究结论能否付诸实践所在。在对美国和俄罗斯煤炭产业发展政策进行系统研究的基础上，结合实际，提出了黑龙江省煤炭产业发展的组织政策、技术政策、财税政策及相关立法建议，对黑龙江省制定煤炭产业发展相关的政策法规与对策具有重要的指导意义。
Energy sources is the basis for existence and development of human society. The energy sources' exploration and utilization support economic development. Along with economic development and population increase, the demand for energy will continue to increase and energy problem will get more and more concern from international community. Because of energy resources endowment, Heilongjiang Province's energy problems more directly refer to coal problem. Its essence is that in what model the coal industry will develop. Today oligarch competition situation gradually emerged in the oil and electric power industry, so coal industry development causes even more concern. It has become discussion focuses in process of implementing strategies of revitalizing Northeastern Old Industry Base that market and government, technological independence R&D and introduction, investment approach and the scale, Heilongjiang Province's coal industry development orientation and positioning problems. Integrating the basic theories of industry economics and management with development practice of Heilongjiang provincial coal industry, the paper systematically analyzes the coal industry development organization model, technical model and capital operation model of Heilongjiang Province. Then the paper presents countermeasures of Heilongjiang Provincial coal industry development base on it.
There are seven chapters in this paper. In accordance with the content, they are divided into three parts: the realistic environment and basic theory, theory and empirical analysis, policy recommendations.
Firstly, the part regarding the reality environment and basic theory is the basis and foundation of the text. On the basis of stating the theoretical and practical value of selecting this subject, the first two chapters describe the research background, the basic methods, the overall framework and the main innovations. Summarizing the predecessors' research results and conclusions regarding industry economic theory, then it objectively describes the coal industry development theory and practice trends home and abroad. By making definition on concepts related to the coal industry, the function for national economic operation and environmental protection, analyzing relationship between coal industry development and cycle economic development, it has become necessity to identify nature and status of coal industry, promote coal industry structure optimizing. On the basis of researching coal industry development current situation home and abroad, it systematically analyzes major factors impact on the development prospects of the coal industry and key industries related to it, including the establishment of neural network model to forecast Heilongjiang provincial coal market demand of "eleventh five-year" period and calculation analysis on coal production and demand elasticity, all these support research on Heilongjiang province's coal industry development model.
Secondly, theoretical and empirical analysis on development model of coal industry is the core and support of the whole paper. Chapter IV applies industry organization theory to deeply analyze Heilongjiang province's coal industry organization on the status and problems of market structure, market behavior characteristics and other important aspects. By collating the input-output tables data of our province's three periods, it makes extension form and characteristics of the coal industry chain clear. Then it presents the horizontal and vertical industry chain link and makes a comparison between these two different forms of connectivity. Taking key state-owned coal enterprise (LongMei Group) for example, it uses Analytic Hierarchy Process to found large-scale state-owned coal enterprise group organization forms choice and evaluation model. Through analysis on current situation, distance and problem of coal mining, washing, machining and technical equipment integrating home and abroad, it presents objectives of coal exploration and utilization, innovation ways. Combining Heilongjiang provincial actual situation, it presents technological approach of Heilongjiang provincial coal industry development. Applying the capital operation theory, taking experience from capital operation experience of developed country's coal industry development, it separately states capital operation situation of whole country and Heilongjiang provincial important coal enterprise, especially financing in stock market, it presents the major capital operation model.
Finally, whether the study conclusions of the second part can be put into practice or not lies in the coal industry policy research in the third part of the paper. Based on systematically research on the coal industry development policy in Russia and the United States, it systematically presents organization policy, technology development policy, fiscal policy and related legislative proposals for Heilongjiang Province. These policies are of great significance in guiding meanings for Heilongjiang province to make policies, regulations and countermeasures related to coal industry.
引文
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