基于可调光纤F-P滤波器实时解调系统的研究
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摘要
光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)传感器以其优异的电气绝缘性以及抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀、灵敏度高、体积小、重量轻等优点,被广泛应用于建筑、电力、医药和化工等多个领域,是目前光纤传感领域的一个研究热点。作为传感元件,光纤光栅将被感测信息转化为其反射波长的移动,即波长编码,因而不受光源功率波动和系统损耗的影响。应用FBG传感器的关键就在于精确的检测Bragg反射波长的微小移动,即对波长编码信号进行解调。FBG传感信号解调技术的研究又是FBG传感领域的重点和难点,从而引起人们的广泛关注。本文以FBG传感器信号解调技术的研究为主题,对基于可调F-P滤波器实时解调系统进行了理论和实验研究。
首先,对国内外FBG传感信号解调技术发展状况进行了综合分析,阐述了该领域的研究现状,并分析了有关解调方案的特点。
其次,系统地阐述了光纤传光的耦合模理论,并在此基础上推导出FBG的Bragg公式、反射率和透射率公式;分析了FBG的应变、压力和温度传感器的传感机理,并对实验中出现的问题进行了深入的分析研究。
最后,设计了一种基于可调F-P滤波器的光纤Bragg光栅实时解调系统,并通过实验得以实现;以可调F-P滤波器的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统为基础,实验得出滤波器透过波长与光纤光栅的调谐电压线性关系式。设计并制作了悬臂梁应变实验装置,将可调F-P滤波器实时解调系统应用悬臂梁应变实验,得到有意义的实验结果。结果表明这种可调F-P滤波器实时解调系统的设计方案是可行的,并且具有实际应用价值。
Fiber Bragg Grating sensor has a lot of advantages such as outstanding electric insulation function, resisting electromagnetic interference and corrosion, high sensitivity, small volume, little weight and so on. It is widely used in construction, electric power and medical industry. It is a hot spot of fiber sensing field. As a sensing element, optical grating transforms information measured to the movement of reflected wavelength that is wavelength coding. As a result, it can not be influenced by the fluctuation of optical source power and system loss. The key use of FBG transducer is to detect the minute shift of Bragg reflecting wavelength precisely, that is to demodulate the coded wavelength signal. The thesis' subject is dynamic demodulation system based on fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter.
Firstly, the development of demodulation technology of FBG sensing signal in the world was introduced, and the features of several demodulation method were analyzed.
Secondly, the coupled-mode theory of the light transmitting in fiber is expatiated and based on which the Bragg formula and reflectivity/transmission formula is deduced. We also analyzed the sensing principle of FBG strain sensor, press sensor and temperature sensor.
The last but not the least, designed a kind of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter's dynamic demodulating system, demodulation of system work well during the experiment; Found the linear relational expression between wavelength going through filter and FBG tunable voltage by experiments, Designed and made experimental installation of strain by using overhanging beam. Then the Fiber Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter's demodulating system applied to this experimental installation of strain, and I gain significative experimental results, The experimental results indicated that this design scheme on fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter demodulating system was feasible and had practicable value.
首先,对国内外FBG传感信号解调技术发展状况进行了综合分析,阐述了该领域的研究现状,并分析了有关解调方案的特点。
其次,系统地阐述了光纤传光的耦合模理论,并在此基础上推导出FBG的Bragg公式、反射率和透射率公式;分析了FBG的应变、压力和温度传感器的传感机理,并对实验中出现的问题进行了深入的分析研究。
最后,设计了一种基于可调F-P滤波器的光纤Bragg光栅实时解调系统,并通过实验得以实现;以可调F-P滤波器的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统为基础,实验得出滤波器透过波长与光纤光栅的调谐电压线性关系式。设计并制作了悬臂梁应变实验装置,将可调F-P滤波器实时解调系统应用悬臂梁应变实验,得到有意义的实验结果。结果表明这种可调F-P滤波器实时解调系统的设计方案是可行的,并且具有实际应用价值。
Fiber Bragg Grating sensor has a lot of advantages such as outstanding electric insulation function, resisting electromagnetic interference and corrosion, high sensitivity, small volume, little weight and so on. It is widely used in construction, electric power and medical industry. It is a hot spot of fiber sensing field. As a sensing element, optical grating transforms information measured to the movement of reflected wavelength that is wavelength coding. As a result, it can not be influenced by the fluctuation of optical source power and system loss. The key use of FBG transducer is to detect the minute shift of Bragg reflecting wavelength precisely, that is to demodulate the coded wavelength signal. The thesis' subject is dynamic demodulation system based on fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter.
Firstly, the development of demodulation technology of FBG sensing signal in the world was introduced, and the features of several demodulation method were analyzed.
Secondly, the coupled-mode theory of the light transmitting in fiber is expatiated and based on which the Bragg formula and reflectivity/transmission formula is deduced. We also analyzed the sensing principle of FBG strain sensor, press sensor and temperature sensor.
The last but not the least, designed a kind of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter's dynamic demodulating system, demodulation of system work well during the experiment; Found the linear relational expression between wavelength going through filter and FBG tunable voltage by experiments, Designed and made experimental installation of strain by using overhanging beam. Then the Fiber Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter's demodulating system applied to this experimental installation of strain, and I gain significative experimental results, The experimental results indicated that this design scheme on fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter demodulating system was feasible and had practicable value.
引文
[1]B.S.Kawasaki.Narrow-band Bragg reflectors in optic fibers[J].Opt.Lett.,1978,33(2):66-68
[2]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,et al..Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filer fabrication[J].Appl,phys.Lett.,1978,32(10):647-649
[3]D.K.W.Lam,B.K.Garside.Characterization of single-mode optical fiber filers[J].Appl.Opt.,1981,20(3):440-445
[4]G.Meltz,M.M.Morey,et al..Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method[J].Opt.Lett.,1989,14(15):823-825
[5]K.O.Hill,B.Malo,et al..Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV expose through a phase mask[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,1993,62(10):1035-1037
[6]童治,江中澳,延凤平等.DWDM全光网络及光纤光栅在其中的应用.光通信研究.2001,1:16-20
[7]Isabelle Riant.Fiber Bragg gratings for optical telecommunications.Optical telecommunications.2003(4):41-9
[8]P.Ferdinand et al.Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe.Proc.of theOptical Fiber Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997,14-19
[9]Friebele P,et al..Fiber Bragg grating Strain Sensors:Present and Future Applications in Smart Structures[J].Optics and Photonics News,1998,9(8):33-37
[10]漆贯荣,王蒲风,周绍祥等,理科最新常用数据手册,西安:陕西人民出版社,1983
[11]T.E.Hammon et al.Optical fibre Bragg grating temPerature sensor measurements in an electrical power transformer using a temperature compensated fibre Bragg grating as reference,11th International Conf.On Optical Fibre Sensors.Sapporo,Japan,1996:566-569
[12]Y.Ogawa,et al.A multiplexing load monitoring system for power transmission lines using fibre Bragg grating.Proc.Of the Optical Fibre Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997:468-471
[13]G.Meltz et al.Fibre grating evanescent-wave sensors.SPIE.1996,2836:342-350
[14]W.Ecke et al.Chemical Bragg grating sensor network basing onside-polished optical fibre.SPIE,1998,3555:457-466
[15]VV Spirin et al.Fiber Bragg grating sensor for petroleum hydro carbon leak detection Optics and Laser in Engineering,2000,32:497-503
[16]G.Wang et al.Digital demodulation and signal processing applied to fibre Bragg grating strain sensor arrays in monitoring transient loading effects on shiphulls,Proc.Of the Optical Fiber Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997:612-615
[17]Pietro Ferraro et al.On the possible use of optical fiber Bragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring.Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2002(37):115-130
[18]RaoY.J.et al.In-fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor system for medical application.J.Lightwave Technology,1997,15:779-785
[19]Meltz Qet al.Fiber grating evanescent-wave sensors.Proc,SPIE[C],1996,2836:342-350
[20]R.Falciai et al.Continuous monitoring of wooden works of art using fiber Bragg grating sensors Journal of Cultural Heritage 2003(4):285-290
[21]Nobuaki Takahashi,et al.Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone.
[22]董孝义.光波电子学.天津:南开大学出版社,1987:68-117)
[23]蒋英,陈根祥等.紫外写入光纤Bragg光栅及其发展[J].光通信技术,1998,23(4):290-296
[24]卓峰,赵玉成,延凤平等.采用光纤光栅的温度和应力传感技术[J].光通信技术.2002,24(2):134-137
[25]J.Jung,H.Nam,et al..Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity[J].App.Opt.,1999,38(13):2752-2754
[26]胡勇勤.光纤光栅传感器的解调方法的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2004,5:11-14
[27]Kersey A D,Berkoff T,et al..High-resolution fiber grating based strain sensor with interferometric wavelength shift detection[J].Electron.Lett.,1992,28(3):236-238
[28]Kersey A D,Berkoff T,et al..Dual wavelength fiber interferometer with wavelength selection via fiber Bragg grating elements[J].Electron.Lett.,1992,28(13):1215-1216
[29]Davis M A,Kersey A D,et al..All-fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor demodulation technique using a wavelength division coupler[J].Electron.Lett.,1994,30(1):75-77
[30]Serge M Melle,Kexing Liu,et al.A passive wavelength demodulation system for guided-wave Bragg grating sensor[J].IEEE Photo.Tech.Lett.,1992,4(5):516-518
[31]方福波.基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅传感器的解调系统[J].光学.精密工程,2002,10(4):383-386
[32]Kersey A.D,Berkoff T.A,et al..Multiplexed Bragg grating fiber laser strain sensor system with a fiber F-P wavelength filter[J].Opt.Lett.,1993,18(16):1370-1372
[33]许儒泉.新型光纤Bragg光栅解调系统研究[D].武汉理工大学,2004,5:23-24
[34]游璞,《光学》高等教育出版社,2003,7:88-90
[35]童峥嵘,黄勇林,蒙红云,董新永,开桂云,董孝义等.一种新颖的光纤光栅位移传感的研究.传感技术学报,2002.15(1)10-13
[36]黄勇林,童峥嵘,项阳,许兆文,开桂云,董孝义等.用光纤光栅的啁啾效应实现温度不敏感的位移测量,中国激光,2002
[37]张鉴.一种可调光纤F-P滤波器解调系统的研究.2008.05
[38]周智.土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文.2003:25-72
[39]K.O.Hill and G.Meltz.Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview.IEEE J.Lightwave Technol.1997,15(8):1253-1276
[40]胡曙阳.光纤布喇格光栅传感器的设计及其滤波检测技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2004
[41]K.O.Hill et al..Photosensitivity in Optical Fibers.Annu.Rev.Mater.SCI.,1993,23:125-127
[42]导波光学传感器:原理与技术,靳伟、廖延彪、张志鹏等著,科学出版社,1998年
[43]介质光波导及其应用,秦秉坤,孙雨南编著,北京理工大学出版社,1991年
[44]Sandeep Vobra,et al.,Distributed Strain Monitoring with Arrays of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors on an In-Construction Steel Box-Girder Bridge,IEICE Trans.Electron.,Vol.E83-C,No.3March.2000
[45]C.V.G.Atkins,T.R.Tsai,G.M Williams,M.A.Putnam et al..Fiber Bragg Reflectors Prepared by a Single Excimer Pulse.Opt.Lett.,1992,17:833
[46]A.D.Kersey,Davis M.A.,Heather J.Fiber Grating Sensors.Lightwave Technol.,1997,15(8):1442-1463
[47]瞿荣辉等.长周期光纤光栅的制作方法和应用研究进展.激光与光电子学进展,1999.12:8-13
[48]王义平,饶云江等.高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅传感器的特性研究.物理学报,2003,52(6)
[49]Willsch,Reinhardt.Application of Optical Fibre Sensors:Technical and Market Trends.SPIE.2000,4074:24-31
[50]Victor Mizrahi and J.E Sipe.Optical properities of photosensitive fiber phase gratings.J.
[51]廖延彪,《光纤光学》清华大学出版社,2000,3:198-204
[2]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,et al..Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filer fabrication[J].Appl,phys.Lett.,1978,32(10):647-649
[3]D.K.W.Lam,B.K.Garside.Characterization of single-mode optical fiber filers[J].Appl.Opt.,1981,20(3):440-445
[4]G.Meltz,M.M.Morey,et al..Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method[J].Opt.Lett.,1989,14(15):823-825
[5]K.O.Hill,B.Malo,et al..Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV expose through a phase mask[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,1993,62(10):1035-1037
[6]童治,江中澳,延凤平等.DWDM全光网络及光纤光栅在其中的应用.光通信研究.2001,1:16-20
[7]Isabelle Riant.Fiber Bragg gratings for optical telecommunications.Optical telecommunications.2003(4):41-9
[8]P.Ferdinand et al.Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe.Proc.of theOptical Fiber Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997,14-19
[9]Friebele P,et al..Fiber Bragg grating Strain Sensors:Present and Future Applications in Smart Structures[J].Optics and Photonics News,1998,9(8):33-37
[10]漆贯荣,王蒲风,周绍祥等,理科最新常用数据手册,西安:陕西人民出版社,1983
[11]T.E.Hammon et al.Optical fibre Bragg grating temPerature sensor measurements in an electrical power transformer using a temperature compensated fibre Bragg grating as reference,11th International Conf.On Optical Fibre Sensors.Sapporo,Japan,1996:566-569
[12]Y.Ogawa,et al.A multiplexing load monitoring system for power transmission lines using fibre Bragg grating.Proc.Of the Optical Fibre Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997:468-471
[13]G.Meltz et al.Fibre grating evanescent-wave sensors.SPIE.1996,2836:342-350
[14]W.Ecke et al.Chemical Bragg grating sensor network basing onside-polished optical fibre.SPIE,1998,3555:457-466
[15]VV Spirin et al.Fiber Bragg grating sensor for petroleum hydro carbon leak detection Optics and Laser in Engineering,2000,32:497-503
[16]G.Wang et al.Digital demodulation and signal processing applied to fibre Bragg grating strain sensor arrays in monitoring transient loading effects on shiphulls,Proc.Of the Optical Fiber Sensors Conf.Williamsburg,VA,USA,1997:612-615
[17]Pietro Ferraro et al.On the possible use of optical fiber Bragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring.Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2002(37):115-130
[18]RaoY.J.et al.In-fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor system for medical application.J.Lightwave Technology,1997,15:779-785
[19]Meltz Qet al.Fiber grating evanescent-wave sensors.Proc,SPIE[C],1996,2836:342-350
[20]R.Falciai et al.Continuous monitoring of wooden works of art using fiber Bragg grating sensors Journal of Cultural Heritage 2003(4):285-290
[21]Nobuaki Takahashi,et al.Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone.
[22]董孝义.光波电子学.天津:南开大学出版社,1987:68-117)
[23]蒋英,陈根祥等.紫外写入光纤Bragg光栅及其发展[J].光通信技术,1998,23(4):290-296
[24]卓峰,赵玉成,延凤平等.采用光纤光栅的温度和应力传感技术[J].光通信技术.2002,24(2):134-137
[25]J.Jung,H.Nam,et al..Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity[J].App.Opt.,1999,38(13):2752-2754
[26]胡勇勤.光纤光栅传感器的解调方法的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2004,5:11-14
[27]Kersey A D,Berkoff T,et al..High-resolution fiber grating based strain sensor with interferometric wavelength shift detection[J].Electron.Lett.,1992,28(3):236-238
[28]Kersey A D,Berkoff T,et al..Dual wavelength fiber interferometer with wavelength selection via fiber Bragg grating elements[J].Electron.Lett.,1992,28(13):1215-1216
[29]Davis M A,Kersey A D,et al..All-fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor demodulation technique using a wavelength division coupler[J].Electron.Lett.,1994,30(1):75-77
[30]Serge M Melle,Kexing Liu,et al.A passive wavelength demodulation system for guided-wave Bragg grating sensor[J].IEEE Photo.Tech.Lett.,1992,4(5):516-518
[31]方福波.基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅传感器的解调系统[J].光学.精密工程,2002,10(4):383-386
[32]Kersey A.D,Berkoff T.A,et al..Multiplexed Bragg grating fiber laser strain sensor system with a fiber F-P wavelength filter[J].Opt.Lett.,1993,18(16):1370-1372
[33]许儒泉.新型光纤Bragg光栅解调系统研究[D].武汉理工大学,2004,5:23-24
[34]游璞,《光学》高等教育出版社,2003,7:88-90
[35]童峥嵘,黄勇林,蒙红云,董新永,开桂云,董孝义等.一种新颖的光纤光栅位移传感的研究.传感技术学报,2002.15(1)10-13
[36]黄勇林,童峥嵘,项阳,许兆文,开桂云,董孝义等.用光纤光栅的啁啾效应实现温度不敏感的位移测量,中国激光,2002
[37]张鉴.一种可调光纤F-P滤波器解调系统的研究.2008.05
[38]周智.土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文.2003:25-72
[39]K.O.Hill and G.Meltz.Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview.IEEE J.Lightwave Technol.1997,15(8):1253-1276
[40]胡曙阳.光纤布喇格光栅传感器的设计及其滤波检测技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2004
[41]K.O.Hill et al..Photosensitivity in Optical Fibers.Annu.Rev.Mater.SCI.,1993,23:125-127
[42]导波光学传感器:原理与技术,靳伟、廖延彪、张志鹏等著,科学出版社,1998年
[43]介质光波导及其应用,秦秉坤,孙雨南编著,北京理工大学出版社,1991年
[44]Sandeep Vobra,et al.,Distributed Strain Monitoring with Arrays of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors on an In-Construction Steel Box-Girder Bridge,IEICE Trans.Electron.,Vol.E83-C,No.3March.2000
[45]C.V.G.Atkins,T.R.Tsai,G.M Williams,M.A.Putnam et al..Fiber Bragg Reflectors Prepared by a Single Excimer Pulse.Opt.Lett.,1992,17:833
[46]A.D.Kersey,Davis M.A.,Heather J.Fiber Grating Sensors.Lightwave Technol.,1997,15(8):1442-1463
[47]瞿荣辉等.长周期光纤光栅的制作方法和应用研究进展.激光与光电子学进展,1999.12:8-13
[48]王义平,饶云江等.高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅传感器的特性研究.物理学报,2003,52(6)
[49]Willsch,Reinhardt.Application of Optical Fibre Sensors:Technical and Market Trends.SPIE.2000,4074:24-31
[50]Victor Mizrahi and J.E Sipe.Optical properities of photosensitive fiber phase gratings.J.
[51]廖延彪,《光纤光学》清华大学出版社,2000,3:198-204